中压不接地配电网三相潮流新方法

在大量分布式电源接入中低压配电网的新形势下,三相潮流计算是分析其影响的基本手段。针对现有中压不接地配电网三相潮流研究主要采用人为设置参考中性点/零序电压的方式,导致无法仿真分析中性点/零序电压偏移、不接地网络零序潮流和相-地电压不平衡等情况,提出一种中压不接地配电网三相潮流新算法。首先,提出不接地配电网三相潮流在节点变量和导纳矩阵方面的特殊性。然后,设计基于功率平衡方程和牛拉法,采用导纳矩阵可逆化处理和矩阵替换技术实现约束零序电流为零的不接地配电网三相潮流算法。最后,基于6节点系统和修改的IEEE123算例仿真不接地配网的潮流,结合PSCAD验证所提方法在不同场景下的准确性以及在大电网中的适用性和收敛性,并在地市电网中进行实际应用。算例分析表明,所提算法计算结果准确,具有良好的工程实用性。     

考虑分布式光伏电源接入模式的低压配电网不平衡线损计算方法

日益增加的户用光伏发电系统改变了配电网的潮流分布,同时对配电网的线损产生显著影响。为了便于量化分布式光伏电源(distributed photovoltaic generation,DPG)接入三相四线制低压配电网的运行经济性,文章以三相不平衡线损为研究目标,首先建立了适用于低压配电网平衡态和不平衡态的线损计算模型;通过引入DPG接入模式、位置及容量3种要素,建立DPG不同接入模式下的线损变化量模型;以此为基础,提出一种考虑DPG接入模式的有源低压配电网的三相不平衡线损计算方法。在进行计算时,所提方法既可利用实时电流数据,也可利用易采集到的有功电量数据进行计算。最后,以低压配电网的典型参数为例验证了该方法的准确性与可行性,说明此方法可为DPG单相、三相接入低压配电网的线损计算提供参考依据。     

基于脉冲神经网络伪量测建模的配电网三相状态估计

为了给配电网管理系统提供全面准确的实时数据,配电网三相状态估计显得尤为重要。针对当前配电网量测信息不足,提出了基于脉冲神经网络(SNN)伪量测建模的配电网三相状态估计。该方法首先将实时和部分历史支路功率量测输入SNN进行伪量测建模,然后由高斯混合模型生成相应的量测误差,最后进行基于加权最小二乘法的配电网三相状态估计。理论分析和算例验证表明,所提模型不仅能够在正常通信时有效提高配电网状态估计精度,而且能在通信故障时保证估计精度在合理范围内,进而为配电网的运行控制提供参考依据。     

Fault analysis of multi-phase unbalanced nonradial powerdistribution systems

Algorithms are presented in this paper for the accurate determination of voltages, currents, and power flows in faulted three-phase unbalanced nonradial power distribution systems. The calculation of steady-state fault currents begins from a converged power flow solution and uses generalized models for all power system components. These component models are formulated using a linear graph theory approach to network modeling. The linear graph modeling techniques are extended to form an admittance matrix system model. The three-phase source and load models that are used are based on an extension of the traditional models used to represent these elements in fault studies using symmetrical components. The distribution system model consisting of sources, loads, lines, transformers, and other components is modified to account for the fault and solved to yield the line-to-neutral voltages at each bus in the faulted distribution system. The faulted system current and power flows are determined using these voltages. The results obtained using the proposed modeling approach on a system provided by a local industry are compared with the results obtained from an existing classical three-phase fault analysis algorithm, and conclusions are drawn based on these comparisons     

Implementing transformer nodal admittance matrices into backward/forward sweep-based power flow analysis for unbalanced radial distribution systems

This paper proposes a new method to handle distribution transformers of various winding connections in the backward/forward sweep-based power flow analysis for unbalanced radial distribution systems. The method takes advantage of available nodal admittance matrices of distribution transformers, and can automatically solve the problem of conductively isolated subnetworks to obtain their equivalent phase-to-reference voltages. In addition, this paper presents a limitation of backward/forward sweeps, and an extension of the power summation method for distribution power flow analysis from single-phase to unbalanced three-phase. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method can be demonstrated by numerous examples and real systems.     

Explicit loss formula, voltage formula and current flow formula forlarge-scale unbalanced distribution systems

Explicit formulas for determining system loss, current flows and voltages in terms of system and network data are developed for large-scale unbalanced distribution systems. The three-phase formulas consider multi-phase grounded or ungrounded loads and lines, cogenerators, multi-phase shunt elements and transformers of different connections all of which exist in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems. Test results on a number of distribution systems, including an actual 394-bus distribution network, are included to illustrate the accuracy and speed of the proposed formula for real-time analysis and control of distribution systems. It is shown numerically that the results given by these closed-form formulas are very close to those obtained by rigorous three-phase power flow methods. Applications of the explicit expressions to real-time control of distribution systems are also identified. Also, some features of the explicit formulas which are not possible with traditional power flow studies are discussed     

基于极限学习机的有源配电网多场景静态电压安全分析

随着配电网中分布式可再生能源(distributed renewable generation,DRG)单相接入及其出力波动带来的不确定性增加,DRG接入情景下的配电网过电压、三相不平衡等静态电压安全分析面临新的挑战。为此,提出采用极限学习机模型挖掘配电网的三相潮流计算输入输出之间复杂的映射关系,训练后的网络能够大幅提升不同拓扑结构及不同DRG输出场景下三相潮流的计算效率。基于此提出了一种考虑多场景的有源配电网静态电压安全分析方法,该方法能够快速地对配电网中不同接入节点的安全性做出分析判别。最后采用接入DRG的IEEE 13节点、33节点及118节点系统进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,所提方法较传统的三相潮流计算方法具有更高的计算速度,且不存在收敛性能上的问题,较BP神经网络方法也具有更高的效率与准确性,验证了所提方法的有效性与实用性。     

一种含分布式电源的配电网三相潮流混合计算方法

针对现有配电网三相潮流计算方法的不足,提出了一种新的含分布式电源的配电网三相潮流混合计算方法。分析了配电网中相关元件的特点,建立了配电线路、配电变压器和负荷的三相数学模型。对4种不同类型分布式电源节点的处理方式进行了分析,采用前推回代法和牛拉法的混合计算方法建立了三相潮流计算模型。采用回路阻抗矩阵法来计算三相电压差,解决了单相潮流计算方法的适用性问题,采用以节点电压的收敛性作为潮流计算程序迭代与否的控制目标,可直接求取电压值,迭代计算简洁高效。最后,以包含分布式电源的IEEE 33节点网络模型和山滩变某10 kV配电线路为例,验证了该混合计算方法的收敛性与高效性。     

配电网区间线性三相潮流的非迭代仿射求逆计算方法

现有配电网区间潮流计算大多是以迭代法为基础扩展得到的,需要进行多次区间迭代以获取收敛的潮流解,因而存在收敛性和计算效率低下问题。为此,文中将线性三相潮流算法与仿射求逆方法相结合,提出了一种配电网区间线性三相潮流的非迭代仿射求逆计算方法。所提方法采用仿射数描述区间变量间的相关性,将潮流方程转化为仿射线性潮流方程,并引入仿射矩阵求逆方法对其进行求解。该方法无须迭代,不存在收敛性问题。最后采用多个三相不平衡系统作为算例,通过与其他3种方法的分析比较,验证了所提算法的性能。结果表明,所提算法兼具高效性和低保守性优点,且性能稳定。     

处理不接地配电网三相潮流不收敛的变压器建模新方法

中性点不接地的变压器导纳阵奇异,导致配电网的三相潮流很难收敛。三相潮流不收敛的原因是系统中的零序电压是漂浮的。为此,文中提出一种设定零序电压参考值的方法,通过增广变压器导纳阵解决其奇异性问题。该方法在变压器模型中副边侧增加一个零序电压设定值,该设定值的大小不会影响中压配电网的电流分布以及配电网其他部分的潮流计算结果。所提出的三相变压器模型既适用于前推回推潮流法,也适用于隐式ZBus高斯法。算例验证了新方法的正确性。     

含分布式电源的三相不平衡配电网连续潮流计算

连续潮流是电力系统电压稳定分析的重要工具。针对含不同类型分布式电源的配电网及其三相线路参数和负荷不平衡的情况,提出了一种三相配电网连续潮流方法,由切线预测环节和牛顿法校正环节组成,并采用局部几何参数化策略处理三相不平衡系统PV曲线的斜锐角现象。考虑了PV和PQ节点类型分布式电源的限值约束,给出了新的节点类型双向转换逻辑和分岔点类型识别方法。通过对IEEE 33节点配电系统进行算例仿真,表明所述算法可以有效追踪三相配电系统的PV曲线,准确计算电压稳定临界点并识别分岔点类型。     

公共信息模型在配电网建模工具中的应用

随着公共信息模型(CIM)的不断完善,应用也逐步从能量管理系统扩展到配电管理系统和变电站自动化.文中针对CIM的配电网扩展模型,研究其在配电网建模工具中的具体应用,阐述了面向对象模型和关系型数据库设计的对应关系,并设计了高效的资源描述框架(RDF)解析器来实现通用的数据导入导出组件,该组件遵循最新的用于电力系统模型交换的简化RDF句法标准.采用IEEE 13节点配电网系统的标准数据进行了三相潮流计算的导入导出正确性验证.     

基于电压幅值对数变换的配电网三相不平衡线性潮流计算

线性潮流计算方法可为主动配电网分析与运行调控提供更好的鲁棒性与更高的效率.提出一种新的三相不平衡线性潮流计算方法.在极坐标下将三相潮流方程的电压幅值进行对数变换,然后根据三相配电网实际特点进行合理的线性近似.所提方法可以无须迭代直接计算配电网辐射状、弱环状和含PV节点3种情况的三相不平衡潮流.通过IEEE33三相不平衡...     

Loop frame of reference based three-phase power flow for unbalanced radial distribution systems

This paper introduces a novel three-phase power flow approach for unbalanced radial distribution systems. The proposed approach is developed based on the loop frame of reference, rather than the traditional bus frame of reference. On the basis of the loop frame of reference, a simple direct iterative method in impedance form is applied. Basic graph theory and injection current technique are also applied in the proposed approach. The clear theoretical foundation and the simple topology of the radial distribution network make the proposed method efficient and reliable. To demonstrate the better convergence performance and the efficiency of the proposed approach, four three-phase IEEE test feeders are used for comparisons. The test results show that the proposed method has robust convergence characteristics and high performance, especially for large-scale radial distribution systems.     

基于定常海森矩阵的配电网三相最优潮流模型

含有高比例分布式电源和多种离散可调设备的主动配电网最优潮流问题,实质上是一种非凸、非线性混合整数优化问题,这类问题的求解速度较慢。文中提出了基于定常海森矩阵的配电网三相最优潮流模型,模型中考虑了三相变压器、具有三相耦合特性的分布式电源、分相调压器等设备的二次模型,以保证海森矩阵为常数。通过增加支路电流为待求变量,提出直角坐标系下三相变压器的二次模型,使优化模型的海森矩阵为常数阵,从而降低最优潮流的计算时间。构建了计及分布式电源三相功率耦合特征的配电网三相最优潮流模型,比较了二次罚函数和高斯罚函数对离散控制变量的处理效果,并应用预估—校正原对偶内点法对优化模型进行求解。同时,提出加入调压器的二级迭代最优潮流策略,从而进一步优化目标值。最后,通过算例验证了所建模型与所提方法的正确性与有效性。     

Analysis of Distribution Line Carrier Propagation Using the Bus Impedance Matrix

Distribution line carrier (DLC) is a communication system used in automated distribution systems to transmit data between the substation and certain locations on the distribution primary and secondary. Extensive DLC propagation measurements have shown that the propagation of signals on a power distribution line is difficult to predict because of the complexity and variability of distribution systems. This paper presents an efficient and comprehensive analytical tool for predicting DLC signal propagation over complex distribution systems. This paper develops a three-phase bus impedance matrix, which consists of 3×3 transfer impedance submatrices. These submatrices represent the general transfer function which relates the three-phase received voltage vector at any point of interest to any three-phase transmitted (injected) current vector at any point of interest. The method described here is an extension of the three-phase bus impedance approach used for 60 Hz power distribution.     

A hybrid method combining JFPSO and probabilistic three-phase load flow for improving unbalanced voltages in distribution systems with photovoltaic generators

This paper presents a new hybrid method that combines jumping frog and particle swarm optimization and probabilistic three-phase load flow to improve unbalanced voltages in distribution systems with photovoltaic generators. This paper applies a new three-phase probabilistic load flow based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The voltage regulation is one of the principal problems to be addressed in photovoltaic distributed generation. The proposed method defines the nodes where photovoltaic grid-connected system is connected and their mean power output minimizing the maximum value of voltage unbalances at the nodes. Numerical applications are presented using the unbalanced distribution system IEEE 13-nodes and including photovoltaic generators at several nodes. The results obtained show the decrease in the unbalance factor due to the presence of distributed generation.     

一种新的配电网三相潮流算法

提出一种用于不平衡辐射状配电网的三相潮流计算方法。根据配电网的辐射状结构特点,将分支线作为配网结构的基本单元,把馈线分支首节点的电压、电流表示为分支末节点电压、电流的函数．重新建立潮流方程,使方程的数目与分支线数目成正比,大幅度减少方程式和变量的数目。并且根据配电网的特点近似简化雅可比矩阵．以实现解耦。建立了单相系统模型和三相系统模型,给出了潮流的解耦算法。相对于传统计算方法未知数正比于母线数目,可以大幅度减少方程数,缩短计算时间,特别适用于大规模配电系统。     

基于数据潮流模型的高比例光伏配电网三相不平衡优化

随着分布式光伏的大规模接入,配电网固有的三相不平衡问题日益严重,给系统的电能质量、经济运行等带来不利影响。此外,高比例光伏的接入使得配电网的物理结构和运行方式更加复杂多变,导致当前依赖精确拓扑结构和线路参数的三相不平衡优化方法难以应用。因此,提出一种基于数据潮流模型的高比例光伏配电网三相不平衡优化方法。首先,采用基于双阶段注意力机制的循环神经网络方法建立数据潮流模型,拟合三相潮流约束中变量之间的函数关系。同时,提出图特征嵌入的方法将部分已知的拓扑信息嵌入到数据潮流模型中以提高拟合精度。其次,以训练后的数据潮流模型为基础重建配电网三相不平衡优化模型。最后,通过条件梯度下降方法求解该模型,以修改的IEEE33节点配电网络为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于连续潮流的配电网供电能力评估

随着非全相运行的分布式电源大量接入配电网,配电网固有的三相不平衡特征更加突出,传统配电网供电能力评估因忽略配电网三相不平衡特征导致结果不准确。为了准确分析三相不平衡特征对配电网最大供电能力评估的影响,建立了以配电网供电负荷参数最大为目标函数,考虑了支路热约束和节点电压等状态变量和分布式电源的有功和无功功率等控制变量的含分布式电源三相不平衡配电网供电能力评估模型。选择电压跌落情况最严重的相作为连续参数,确保预测-校正过程的的连续潮流法求解的结果更加精确。最后,采用拓展的IEEE33节点配电系统进行仿真验证,表明文中所提的模型和求解方法是有效的。