智能数字传送器设计

在PC机与多个单片机的串行通信基础上,从硬件和软件两方面完成了智能数字传送器的设计.智能数字传送器实现的是一台上位机(PC)机和8台下位机(单片机)的串行通信,上位机软件采用Visual Basic编程,作出十分直观的人机界面,并通过串行口将下位机的数据传送给上位机,上位机可作出应答信号,同时上位机(PC)机可向下位机(单片机)发出数据请求.系统具有对数据的修改,显示和报警等功能,目前在工业控制领域中应用非常广泛.     

Guest Editors' Introduction: PC Software--Spreadsheets for Everyone

In the October-December 2006 issue of the Annals, devoted to the history of word processing, we noted that word processing has long been the primary use for personal computers (although lately it may be in second place after Web "surfing"). Yet when one looks at the history of the personal computer's adoption, another, entirely different program stands out: the electronic spreadsheet. Why is that?     

Word processing for blind people

The preparation of high-quality and error-free letters, reports and similar text is a major activity in many business and commercial environments. For this reason, it is not surprising that word processors are becoming an increasingly important feature in offices. They may be found as dedicated systems or as a microcomputer with disc loading software.

A significant feature of word processing is the display of text on a screen which can be accessed or edited with the aid of a visual cursor that is controlled by the keyboard. This dependence on a visual display to manipulate and alter text assumes that the operator of the word processor is sighted. This paper considers the consequences for blind people.     

微机检测信号的两种算法

由于某些微机受其字长的限制以及系统信号本身的变化，使得计算机对输入信号的实时快速面准确地处理受到影响，本文提出了一种适用于缺少乘、除法指令的八位机实时检测被控对象有功、无功、电压与电流的有效值（最大值）、阻抗的快速算法及一种检测信号频率变，校正采样周期的算法。     

CALM — computer aided logistics management

Logistics functions directly support the principal operation. In the international petroleum industry they mainly are maintenance, materials and transport. CALM is a microcomputer system which integrates the arrangement of these functions. It operates at the plant level.

There are six CALM subsystems: 1) equipment control; 2) maintenance work control; 3) materials control; 4) transport control; 5) budgeting and costs and 6) management reporting.

CALM is a collection of relational data bases and application programs. Its modules are distributed and are under user control. Data bases are designed for three organizational levels: 1) local area networks on microcomputers at the user level (CALM ); 2) relational data bases on minicomputers at the plant level and 3) relational data bases on main frame computers at the corporate level. This is said to be a 3-level computer system. Data base design is optimized over the three levels.

System integration requires strict discipline over the design of identification codes (equipment, spare parts, job plans, job orders, failure reports, etc.). The paper suggests standard code formats which have proved to be successful in industry.

Besides CALM, integrated systems from four multinational oil companies are discussed. Design errors experienced in these projects are described. Specific design precautions are emphasized.     

一个全台压气机实验实时控制,采集,处理系统

传统的压气机实验测试方式已不能满足高性能航空发动机研制的要求，为此，本文介绍了一个全台压气机实验实时控制、采集、处理系统；给出了该系统的硬件结构、实现技术及其实时软件设计。系统由微型计算机控制扫描阀、ＮＥＦＦ－６２０巡检设备、三向位移机构等设备协调运行，使探针自动移位与数据采集、处理同步进行，并以图、表即时输出实验结果。系统投入使用以来，实验时间和成本均降低了５０％以上，测试精度０．３％。     

Managing J. Pierrepont Finch: Should he be given a PC?

An unprecedented phenomenon is transforming some of the fundamental relationships of our society: the wide distribution of cheap, general purpose information processing capacity in the form of microcomputers or personal computers. Although general purpose productive capacity has been a major factor in the past (e.g. through the use of railroads and automobiles), the new revolution is aimed directly at the heart of hierarchical organizations such as corporations. One aspect of the potentially revolutionary impact of PCs, the wide and rapid distribution of this general information processing capacity to end-users, can affect manager-employee and employee-employee relationships. A model of “office politics” is presented which may partially explain both the rapid diffusion of personal computers to lower and middle management and the concurrent, and surprising decline in white collar productivity.     

Solutions to Industrial Engineering problems using integrated software environments

The development of word processing systems and the spreadsheet environment marked the beginning of the professional computing movement. For the first time, programs were available that were both highly functional and highly usable, even by non-computer people. The next group of “hot” programs in the business market were “integrated” packages providing a combination of word processing, spreadsheet, database, graphics, and telecommunications. Unfortunately, these integrated packages have not displaced such single purpose programs as Lotus 1-2-3, dBase and WordPerfect as the dominant forces in desktop computing. Integrated packages are generally perceived as complex, cumbersome, and difficult to master. An important point to note, however, is that high proficiency is not necessary; successful users of commercial software seldom know or use more that 40% of a programs functionality.

This paper addresses the use of integrated software packages to solve Industrial Engineering problems. More specifically, examples are presented demonstrating the use of Ashton Tate's Framework II to solve production and operations management problems. Sample applications include forecasting, after tax economic analysis, and data storage and retrieval, demonstrating the advantages of linking word processing, spreadsheets, and databases.     

A statistical method of grading—Theory and practice

This paper presents a method of assigning letter grades which are based on five preliminary grading routines, and include both absolute grading and relative or “adaptive-level” grading. The routines are programmed in a microcomputer spreadsheet software program. The teacher then chooses the final grade distribution either from the suggested routine distributions, or by making an appropriate adjustment of them. It is hoped that, with the help of microcomputers, this method may be the first step toward a uniform grading process, which may be standardized among different instructors and over time for each instructor.     

Going to work on an Apple: factors affecting microcomputer use in business organizations

Abstract. The use of computers in organizations may be influenced by both technical and social factors. In addition, the way in which these factors operate in any specific organization may be affected by the particular type of computer being used. This paper reports the results of semistructured interviews with users of Apple Macintosh computers in three different organizations. The relevance of factors identified in earlier interviews with academic Macintosh users to the use of microcomputers in the business context is considered. It was found that, while there was considerable individual variation in attitudes to microcomputer use, many of the factors identified in the earlier study were also present in the business organizations. Some reasons for the attitudes found are discussed.     

Microcomputer security: Data protection techniques

Current operating systems for microcomputers do not support the high level of security possible on mainframe computers. It should not be a question of all or nothing as is too often the case. A broad view of data security in a microcomputer environment is presented in this paper together with some nine software and hardware devices that provide access control and encryption. PASSWORD, a program in CBASIC, is included to illustrate how inexpensive and simple it is to provide a moderate level of data security.     

The changing data processing environment in Saudi Arabia

The rapid growth in microcomputer sales has affected data processing in many ways and in many countries. In order to study the effects of this growth in a Third World environment, a survey of 200 organizations was conducted. Three major user segments were identified: non-users, microcomputer users, and mainframe users. It was found that during the period 1982–1984 an important change occurred, in that the number of organizations using microcomputers surpassed those using mainframe computers. Companies using microcomputers were found to be smaller, younger, and more likely to be in the trade/service sector. The majority of companies in this user segment lacked a formal data processing department. They generally did not employ computer professionals and depended on ready-made rather than in-house development of software. There were no differences in the overall portfolio of applications of the two user segments, though the number of applications was fewer among micro users. This paper discusses the growing use of microcomputers in the small business sector and the implications of these results for educators, equipment vendors, and researchers.     

单片机多路光强信号检测系统

介绍了单片机多路光通信号检测系统的研制。该系统采用８０３１单片机为微处理器，ＡＤＣ０８０４实现Ａ／Ｄ转换，４０６７作为模拟多路开关，根据需要可扩充输入通道数，能实现放大倍数的自动调节，并实现与ＰＣ机的通信，传输数据供其处理。     

Software review

Conclusion Given the current state of word processing and the hardware for which it has been designed, Word-Perfect seems to be among the best of what is available. It manifests a reasonable balance between the demands of the novice, who will appreciate the simplicity of its user interface, and those of the experienced person, who will be more interested in the power and flexibility of the tool. This simplicity has, however, been achieved at the cost of a certain amount of rigidity. We wonder, then, how long the package can remain current with respect to the evolution of word processing. At the same time, we realize that not every academic user of word processing will care about the evolution of this genre. For those who don't our criticisms are mostly irrelevant, although anyone interested in this package would do well to compare it to something on the level of Nota Bene or T3.Dr. Willard McCarty, an active Miltonist, is also interested in word processing and database management for microcomputers. Patricia Hood specializes in text processing on microcomputers and mainframes and does consulting and teaching in these areas. Both work at the University of Toronto.     

MPID─TOF质谱的快速时间分辨微弱信号测试系统

把瞬态记录仪Ｂｉｏｍａｔｉｏｎ８ｌ００与微型计算机ＩＢＭ─ｐＣ／ＸＴ联接建成了一个高速数据采集系统，本文介绍了系统的硬件接口设计及软件设计。在超声分子束条件下，把它应用于环氧乙烷（Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿４Ｏ）的多光子电离与离解飞行时间（ＭＰＩＤ─ＴＯＦ）质谱的实验研究中，并给出了实验结果；本系统在微观基元化学反应动力学实验研究中广泛适用于对时间分辨微弱信号的探测。     

Fifth generation computers

Fifth generation computers are analogous to LEGO building blocks, with each block corresponding to a microcomputer and a group of blocks working together as a computer system. These computers will represent a unification of currently separate areas of research into parallel processing and into VLSI processors. Parallel processing based on data driven and demand driven computer organisations are under investigation in well over thirty laboratories in the United States, Japan and Europe. Basically, in data driven (e.g. data flow) computers the availability of operands triggers the execution of the operation to be performed on them; whereas in demand driven (e.g. reduction) computers the requirement for a result triggers the operation that will generate the value. VLSI processors exploit very large scale integration and the new simplified chip design methodology pioneered in US universities by Mead and Conway, allowing users to design their own chips. These novel VLSI processors are implementable by simple replicated cells and use extensive pipelining and multiprocessing to achieve a high performance. Examples range from a powerful image processing device configured from identical special-purpose chips, to a large parallel computer built from replicated general-purpose microcomputers. This paper outlines these topics contributing to fifth generation computers, and speculates on their effect on computing.     

Technical note. The tutorial image processing system: A tool for remote sensing training

The Tulorial Image Processing System (TIPS) is an interactive microcomputer program designed to teach fundamental principles of digital image processing theory. It allows students to experiment with the mechanisms of convolution, ratioing, classification, etc. in an environment that preserves the essential features of an image processing system, yet allows users to trace easily the mathematical operations involved. TIPS runs on many microcomputers and requires no special graphics hardware. The program is available from the authors.     

A comparison of and future trends in personal computer-based computer-aided design and drafting software

Drawing software has become available on personal computers only within the last year and a half. Given the wide availability and relatively low-cost of personal computers and the great benefits that can be gained from their use as drawing processors, hundreds of thousands of people will within a few years be using these tools. The drawing software that is now available is impressive and in some cases provides better performance than software available on mini-computers. I expect that competitive pressures and a large market for this type of software will continue to encourage manufacturers to enhance the capabilities of their packages. I will be discussing the varieties of drawing processor software that is available on personal computers and in particular personal computers running the MS-DOS operating system and adhering closely to the IBM-PC software and hardware standards. In addition, I will be examining the features that one might expect to get with drawing processor software and what future trends one can expect. In the next few years there will continue to be rapid growth in the variety and power of CAD software running on personal computers. Personal computer CAD workstations will vastly outnumber those on mini-computers within five years. The features available in the personal computer CAD software will equal those available on mini-computer systems today.     

Using Hypercard to Collect,Analyse and Report on Qualitative Data

This paper describes how qualitative data collected using several application software programs were consolidated into a single linked database using HyperCard. A Macintosh Computing environment with word processing, database, spreadsheet and graphics applications was first used to transcribe, code, organize and report on the data. The creation of the HyperCard database facilitated pulling together and re-analysing the data to produce new findings. The example used is a multiple-site case study of the implementation of microcomputers in a school district that was conducted during 1986–7 and included structured interviews, informal interviews, naturalistic observations, content analysis of historical documents, computer usage statistics, and stages-of-concern graphs.     

Biinfinite words with maximal recurrent unbordered factors

A finite non-empty word z is said to be a border of a finite non-empty word w if w=uz=zv for some non-empty words u and v. A finite non-empty word is said to be bordered if it admits a border, and it is said to be unbordered otherwise. In this paper, we give two characterizations of the biinfinite words of the form ^ωuvu^ω, where u and v are finite words, in terms of its unbordered factors.

The main result of the paper states that the words of the form ^ωuvu^ω are precisely the biinfinite words w=a₋₂a₋₁a₀a₁a₂ for which there exists a pair (l₀,r₀) of integers with l₀<r₀ such that, for every integers ll₀ and rr₀, the factor a_la_l0a_r0a_r is a bordered word.

The words of the form ^ωuvu^ω are also characterized as being those biinfinite words w that admit a left recurrent unbordered factor (i.e., an unbordered factor of w that has an infinite number of occurrences “to the left” in w) of maximal length that is also a right recurrent unbordered factor of maximal length. This last result is a biinfinite analogue of a result known for infinite words.