钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)近几年迅速发展,截至目前,其能量转换效率已经超过23%,这可能使光伏产业发生革命性的变化。基于最新的研究进展,介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构和工作机理,简要综述了空穴传输材料(HTM)在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用。最后,指出了钙钛矿太阳能电池目前存在的一些问题及未来的研究方向。     

The Impact of Backbone Fluorination and Side-Chain Position in Thiophene-Benzothiadiazole-Based Hole-Transport Materials on the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently reach high efficiencies, while their insufficient stability remains an obstacle to their technological commercialization. The introduction of hole-transport materials (HTMs) into the device structure is a key approach for enhancing the efficiency and stability of devices. However, currently, the influence of the HTM structure or properties on the characteristics and operational stability of PSCs remains insufficiently studied. Herein, we present four novel push-pull small molecules, H1-4, with alternating thiophene and benzothiadiazole or fluorine-loaded benzothiadiazole units, which contain branched and linear alkyl chains in the different positions of terminal thiophenes to evaluate the impact of HTM structure on PSC performance. It is demonstrated that minor changes in the structure of HTMs significantly influence their behavior in thin films. In particular, H3 organizes into highly ordered lamellar structures in thin films, which proves to be crucial in boosting the efficiency and stability of PSCs. The presented results shed light on the crucial role of the HTM structure and the morphology of films in the performance of PSCs.     

Recent Advances in Counter Electrodes for Thiolate-mediated Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on disulfide/thiolate (T₂/T⁻) redox couples have attracted remarkable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. As an indispensible part of DSSCs, counter electrode (CE) design plays a crucial role in high efficiency DSSCs. This mini-review paper selectively reviews the recent advances in T-mediated DSSCs using novel CE (namely cathode) materials, mainly including noble metal platinum (Pt), carbon materials, transition metal compounds (TMCs), polymers, and hybrids, thus highlighting the merits and demerits of alternative Pt catalysts, and the prospects and challenges of Pt-free CEs for the development of high-performance and low-cost DSSCs.     

High-Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Quantum Dots and Upconversion Nanoparticles

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently received a lot of attention as promising materials to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This is because they can passivate the surfaces of perovskite-sensitive materials and act as a spectrum converter for sunlight. In this study, we mixed and added both promising nanomaterials to PSC layers at the ideal mixing ratios. When compared to the pristine PSCs, the fabricated PSCs showed improved power conversion efficiency (PCE), from 16.57% to 20.44%, a higher photocurrent, and a superior fill factor (FF), which increased from 70% to 75%. Furthermore, the incorporation of CQDs into the manufactured PSCs shielded the perovskite layer from water contact, producing a device that was more stable than the original.     

染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极制备及其应用

本文采用二氧化钛(P25),粘结剂及溶剂,研磨数小时得到均匀分散的纳米二氧化钛浆料,通过涂布法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备了光阳极,并用其组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。经过优化二氧化钛和粘结剂的比例,得到平整、致密、均匀的二氧化钛薄膜。对二氧化钛薄膜进行FTIR、SEM和光学显微镜表征,并对组装电池进行光电性能测试,研究了二氧化钛浆料不同制备条件对太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明,二氧化钛粉末和粘结剂质量比为4∶3时,制备的二氧化钛浆料稳定性高;涂布厚度为20μm时,电池性能较好。组装的染料敏化太阳能电池在100mW/cm2模拟太阳光照下,光电转换效率达到2.51%。     

聚合物太阳能电池材料的研究进展

近年来聚合物太阳能电池的研究发展迅速。本文介绍了聚合物太阳能电池的原理和有机光伏材料的性能要求,并针对聚噻吩(PT)衍生物、聚对苯撑乙烯(PPV)衍生物等有机光伏材料在聚合物太阳能电池中的应用进行综述,简单探讨了该领域进一步研究的方向和前景。     

钙钛矿型中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料研究进展

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(IL TSOFC)的研制是固体氧化物燃料电池商业化的必然趋势,阴极材料的研制是影响其发展的关键问题之一.锈钛矿结构稀土复合氧化物材料是很有希望的中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料,文章综述了近年来ABO3型钙钛矿阴极材料的研究情况,并提出了其发展方向.     

全无机纳米晶太阳能电池的研究进展

近年来,以胶体纳米晶半导体材料作为构建部分的第三代太阳能电池（又称为量子点太阳能电池）一直是研究的热门课题。胶体量子点在太阳能电池中应用之所以备受关注,是由于其具有类似溶液的可操作性,这无疑将极大地方便其整合到各种结构类型太阳能电池器件中。与传统硅基太阳能电池相比,量子点太阳能电池的制造成本可大幅度降低,重点介绍了几种...     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池的研究背景和发展过程,包括了光阳极、光敏染料和电解质的研究进展,详细阐述了该电池国内外各项关键技术的实验和产业化研究最新成果,着重分析了染料敏化太阳电池的未来发展趋势,并展望了该电池的应用前景。     

染料敏化太阳电池中电解质的研究进展

作为新一代的太阳能电池染料敏化太阳电池应用前景广阔,而电解质体系是该类电池重要组成部分,对电池性能有着重要的影响。文章对染料敏化太阳电池中的电解质研究进行了综述,根据电解质的类型将染料敏化太阳电池分为液体电解质电池、溶胶-凝胶(准固态)电解质电池和固态电解质电池,分析了这三种太阳电池的优缺点,并对其前景进行展望。     

太阳能电池封装材料及技术研究进展

近年来,我国太阳能电池的生产量以非常惊人的数量增长,使相关封装材料和技术的研究与开发显得越来越重要。本文概括叙述了目前太阳能电池的封装技术;主要讨论了太阳能电池两大类封装材料:封装胶和封装膜,并重点阐述了其中的环氧树脂胶、丙烯酸树脂胶、有机硅胶和EVA热熔膜的结构、组成、性能特点和应用情况,认为有机硅胶材料更符合太阳能电池封装性能要求。     

Inorganic Quantum Dot Materials and their Applications in “Organic” Hybrid Solar Cells

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for polymer‐nanocrystal hybrid solar cells (HSCs). The aim of this review article is to present a comprehensive and current overview of inorganic QDs and their applications in HSCs. Fundamental properties of QDs are first illustrated. And then recent studies that have been done to elucidate charge dynamics of QDs and improve hybrid device performance are summarised and discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook is presented considering current existing challenges in HSCs.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

近年来,得益于钙钛矿材料突出的光学和电学特性,全固态钙钛矿基太阳电池效率不断取得突破,现已超过20%。业界纷纷期待着钙钛矿电池的产业化前景。文章介绍了钙钛矿作为光电材料的一些光学、电学性能,回顾了钙钛矿电池的发展历程。围绕基本结构,论述了钙钛矿电池中的基本光电转换过程,并对各种衍生结构的钙钛矿电池进行了罗列、分类,重点介绍了无空穴传输层的钙钛矿电池,阐明了无空穴传输层电池在稳定性和使用寿命、成本控制等关键问题上的优势所在,同时基于廉价碳电极的无空穴传输层太阳电池效率也已接近15%,且仍有较大提升空间。     

量子点敏化太阳电池对电极研究进展

对电极在量子点太阳能电池中具有重要的作用,本文主要介绍了铂、金属硫化物、金属硒化物和复合材料对电极的发展现状。复合材料对电极由于良好的导电和催化性能,且具有较好的稳定性,已经成为获得具有高光电效率的量子点敏化太阳能电池的重要研究方向。     

Recent Progress on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Counter Electrodes for Cost-Effective Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one type of highly efficient low-cost solar cells among third-generation photovoltaic devices. Replacing the expensive components of DSSCs with alternative inexpensive and earth-abundant materials would further reduce their price in the solar cell market. Recently, graphene-based low-cost counter electrodes (CEs) have been developed, which could serve as a potential alternative to the expensive platinum-based CEs. In this review article, we have summarized recent research on various reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based composite CE materials, methods for their synthesis, their catalytic activity, and the effective utilization of such CEs in DSSCs. The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs made of rGO-based composite CEs were compared with the reference Pt-based cells, and the photovoltaic parameters are summarized in tables.     

太阳能电池封装材料研究进展

介绍了太阳能电池封装材料的发展,重点概述了目前应用最广泛的EVA封装胶膜的优缺点、老化机理、提高耐候性的方法以及封装工艺,并指出了未来太阳能电池封装材料的发展趋势。     

Optimizing the Aspect Ratio of Nanopatterned Mesoporous TiO2 Thin-Film Layer to Improve Energy Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

The energy conversion efficiency (ECE) (η), current density (J_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc), and fill factor (ff) of perovskite solar cells were studied by using the transmittance of a nanopatterned mesoporous TiO₂ (mp-TiO₂) thin-film layer. To improve the ECE of perovskite solar cells, a mp-TiO₂ thin-film layer was prepared to be used as an electron transport layer (ETL) via the nanoimprinting method for nanopatterning, which was controlled by the aspect ratio. The nanopatterned mp-TiO₂ thin-film layer had a uniform and well-designed structure, and the diameter of nanopatterning was 280 nm. The aspect ratio was controlled at the depths of 75, 97, 127, and 167 nm, and the perovskite solar cell was fabricated with different depths. The ECE of the perovskite solar cells with the nanopatterned mp-TiO₂ thin-film layer was 14.50%, 15.30%, 15.83%, or 14.24%, which is higher than that of a non-nanopatterned mp-TiO₂ thin-film layer (14.07%). The enhancement of ECE was attributed to the transmittance of the nanopatterned mp-TiO₂ thin-film layer that is due to the improvement of the electron generation. As a result, better electron generation affected the electron density, and J_sc increased the V_oc, and ff of perovskite solar cells.     

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池是近年来太阳能电池领域的一颗新星,在不到7a的时间里,其效率从3.8%飞速地提高到了22%。由于钙钛矿材料本身可以低温制备,因此具有质量轻、可弯曲、适用性广等特点的柔性钙钛矿电池,受到人们的广泛关注。现针对柔性钙钛矿电池,分为n-i-p和p-i-n两种电池结构,分别介绍了对应的主要研究方向与目前的研究进展,并对其进行评述。最后,指出了关于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池领域的主要问题与挑战,并对未来进行了展望。     

太阳能电池减反膜的研究现状与前景展望

结合国内外对太阳能减反膜的研究现状,叙述了几种目前常用的减反膜的制备方法及其工艺特点。针对目前的研究状况展望太阳能电池减反膜的发展前景。     

量子点敏化太阳电池Cu2S对电极研究进展

对电极是量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)的重要组成部分,改进对电极是提高QDSCs稳定性,光电转换效率的有效手段之一。本文主要介绍了Cu2S对电极的制备工艺及其存在的优缺点,讨论了Cu2S对电极的在QDSCs应用中的优越性和存在的问题,指出了以Cu2S为对电极是提高QDSCs稳定性和光电转换效率的重要途径。