明胶静电纺丝的研究进展

作为天然高分子之一的明胶无毒无味,具有优异的生物相容性及生物可降解性。利用静电纺丝技术制备的明胶纳米纤维膜材料能最大程度地仿生天然细胞外基质的胶原蛋白结构,因此在生物医用材料领域具有广泛的应用,引起了国内外学者的普遍关注。本文介绍了明胶静电纺丝装置、工艺的研究进展,同时总结了明胶静电纺丝纳米纤维膜材料在生物医疗领域内的应用研究情况,并展望了明胶静电纺丝工艺与明胶纳米纤维膜材料的发展趋势和研究方向。     

明胶基静电纺丝纳米纤维及其应用

介绍了溶液的黏度、电导率、表面张力和溶剂的挥发性等对静电纺丝制备纳米纤维薄膜的影响,静电纺丝技术的分类,以及采用可降解的明胶等物质通过静电纺丝技术制备明胶基纳米纤维薄膜,综述了静电纺丝明胶基纳米纤维薄膜在可食用薄膜、抗菌抗氧化薄膜、组织工程、纳米纤维敷料和过滤等方面的应用。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备工艺及其应用

简述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理;探讨了静电纺丝电压、流速、接收距离、溶剂浓度等工艺条件;介绍了同轴静电纺丝制备皮芯结构的超细纤维及中空纤维技术以及静电纺丝纳米纤维毡在生物医药方面的应用。指出静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在生物医用方面具有广阔的应用前景,进一步实现低压纺丝、开发无毒溶剂,控制同轴静电纺丝纳米纤维的释放性能是今后静电纺丝的研发方向。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维在特殊领域的研究现状和应用

综合阐述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的工艺变量以及静电纺丝纳米纤维在特殊领域的研究和应用现状。研究表明:静电纺丝是在静电场作用下将聚合物溶液(或熔体)从喷头喷射出制备纳米纤维的工艺过程,纤维直径从几微米到<100nm,具有独特功能的纳米结构,可广泛应用于导电纤维、生物医用高分子材料等特殊领域。     

木质纤维素电纺丝的研究进展

木质纤维材料是一种价格低廉的,储量丰富,生物可降解的天然高分子材料。静电纺丝技术是一种制备纳米／亚微米级材料的非常有效的、特殊的方法。将静电纺丝技术应用到制备纳米级木质纤维材料具有深远的意义。木质纤维素静电纺丝技术具体包括纤维素的静电纺丝技术、纤维素衍生物的静电纺丝技术以及木质纤维素的混纺技术等;木质纤维素静电纺丝在载体材料、膜材料和感应材料等领域有广泛的应用。文章概述了木质纤维材料的静电纺丝技术在近年的研究进展,重点归纳了它的溶剂系统及应用。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维束及其应用

纳米纤维束独特的微纳结构赋予其较大的比表面积、粗糙度和孔隙率等特性,在生物医学、催化、传感、过滤和吸附等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,常规制备纳米纤维的方法如自组装法、模板法和熔喷法等,很难制备出纤维束;传统的静电纺丝法所制备的纤维束的"束"尺寸基本在微米级以上,如何制备较小"束"尺寸的纳米纤维束是提高材料性能及应用开发的关键。文章首先介绍了近年来通过改进静电纺丝工艺和设备制备纳米纤维束的各种方法,进而总结了纳米纤维束的特点和应用,最后提出了纳米纤维束研究亟待解决的问题。     

静电纺纳米纤维市场前景看好

20世纪90年代后期，科学家们对于纳米纤维制备及应用的研究达到高潮，开发了一系列制备聚合物纳米纤维的方法，如纺丝、模板合成法、相分离法、自组装法以及静电纺丝法等。与上述方法相比，静电纺制备聚合物纳米纤维具有设备简单、操作容易以及高效等特点，是制备聚合物连续纳米纤维最有效的方法。静电纺纳米纤维性能优异、应用广泛，在电子器件、生物医学领域、滤材、防护服用材料纤维增强复合材料及传感器感知膜的应用前景十分看好，产业化市场发展前景广阔。     

电纺纳米纤维取向对其特性的影响

传统静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维在收集装置中随机排列，取向度较低，性能较弱，限制了其应用。通过改进收集装置可获得有序排列的取向纳米纤维，取向纳米纤维在组织工程、传感器、增强材料和能源等领域具有极大地应用潜力，得到研究工作者们的广泛关注。制备高性能、低成本的纳米纤维材料已成为目前的研究目标和趋势。通过增加纤维取向度，纳米纤维分别在导电性能、压电性能、热稳定性、力学性能和光学性能上得到增强。指出借助纤维的取向，促使复合纳米纤维材料的性能改善及其在材料领域的应用。总结取向纳米纤维的特性优于随机排列纳米纤维的原理。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维及其在生物气溶胶过滤中的应用

简要介绍了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理以及纤维形态的主要影响因素;从静电纺丝纳米纤维的过滤效果、抗菌性能和力学性能等方面综述了其应用于生物气溶胀过滤材料的研究进展;指出静电纺丝纳米纤维大规模生产已取得突破,且抗菌改性效果持久,适合应用于生物气溶胀过滤领域,今后应进一步提高纳米纤维的力学性能及质量稳定性,具有良好的应用前景。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的进展及应用

简述了静电纺丝的制备原理和影响静电纺丝纤维成形的主要工艺因素;介绍了静电纺丝法制备高分子聚合物、生物大分子、无机物纳米纤维的最新进展,以及这些纳米纤维在过滤、传感器、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、纳米模板等领域的应用;指出静电纺丝制备纳米连续长丝技术亟待发展。     

熔体静电纺丝直写技术在组织工程中的应用进展

熔体静电纺丝直写技术以其纤维直径、沉积形貌可控性高及无溶剂残留等优势,为高强度复杂形貌可控仿生组织工程（TE）支架的制备提供了巨大的空间,成为近年来的研究热点。本文首先简述了熔体静电纺丝直写技术相对于各类其他TE支架制备方法的优势;其次从工艺调控方面综述了熔体静电纺丝直写技术的工艺研究进展,并总结了实现复杂可控形貌TE支架的调控方法;随后从支架材料、形貌表征和细胞培养效果等方面综述了熔体静电纺丝直写技术的TE应用进展,并概括了该技术制备的TE拓扑结构支架的种类及特点;最后指出熔体静电纺丝直写技术具有广阔的研究前景,且该技术应以制备仿生、材料多样化以及复合支架为研究重点。     

Electrospun polymer nanofibers: The booming cutting edge technology

Electrospinning has been recognized as a simple and efficient technique for the fabrication of ultrathin fibers from a variety of materials including polymers, composite and ceramics. Significant progress has been made throughout the past years in electrospinning and the resulting fibrous structures have been exploited in a wide range of potential applications. This article reviews the state-of-art of electrospinning to prepare fibrous electrode materials and polymer electrolytes based on electrospun membranes in the view of their physical and electrochemical properties for the application in lithium batteries. The review covers the electrospinning process, the governing parameters and their influence on fiber or membrane morphology. After a brief discussion of some potential applications associated with the remarkable features of electrospun membranes, we highlight the exploitation of this cutting edge technology in lithium batteries. Finally the article is concluded with some personal perspectives on the future directions in the fascinating field of energy storage.     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

静电纺丝装置的关键部件研究进展

随着轻工业的快速发展,我国的静电纺丝技术取得了较大的进步。静电纺丝装置是获取纳米纤维最简单也是最经济的方法之一,但是产量低限制了静电纺纳米纤维产业化生产及应用的最大的技术瓶颈。静电纺丝装置主要由注射泵、高压电源、喷头和收集器组成,而喷头是静电纺丝装置的关键部件,因此研究喷头的技术发展对静电纺丝装置起到非常重要的作用。本文主要介绍了静电纺丝装置关键部件喷头的技术发展进程与面临的问题及静电纺丝应用领域,并对静电纺丝装置的发展前景进行展望。     

Electrospun polymeric nanofibers for dental applications

Electrospinning is an economical, efficient, and versatile process for the preparation of continuous nanofibers with desired patterns, tailored fiber diameters, and orientations. Since its invention, electrospinning has been utilized to prepare nanofibers from several natural polymers and synthetic polymers for use as scaffolds in tissue engineering, regeneration, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, complex scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning complex polymer solutions formulated by blending natural and synthetic organic polymers with bioceramics and other inorganic molecules. Lately, coaxial electrospinning has emerged as a promising technology in the preparation of drug-loaded biodegradable core-shell structured micro/nanofibers for sustained drug delivery applications. This paper will discuss the basic mechanism of electrospinning, parameters governing the electrospinning process, various materials investigated for use in the electrospinning process, and its recent advances.     

Manipulating mechanical properties of CaTiO3:Eu3+ flexible fiber membrane by fiber design

Flexible inorganic functional materials have received extensive attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential application prospects. Among various flexible materials, ceramic fiber membranes have great application prospects due to their functional original structure. Unlike other materials, such as one-dimensional flexible ice, two-dimensional BaTiO₃, and three-dimensional α-Ag₂S, ceramic fiber membranes are high-performance materials with a functional unit structure. In the field of electrospinning, electrospinning technology can effectively control the microstructure of ceramic fibers, allowing for multileveled structure design, such as ordered electrospinning technology and disordered electrospinning technology, which can effectively control the functional primitive structure. However, the mechanical behavior of these structures is still poorly understood. In this groundbreaking study, we investigated the functional original structure of CaTiO₃:Eu³⁺ electrospinning fiber membranes from the bottom-up and explored the effect of grain diameter ratio on mechanical behavior and studied the effect of Eu³⁺ ions on the luminescent properties of CaTiO₃ functional fiber membranes. By controlling the electrospinning parameters and avoiding inherent mechanical property differences between the microcrystals, we realized the stress concentration design from the perspective of functional element structure. Our results show that the stress concentration design at the bottom of the multileveled structure significantly affects the overall mechanical behavior. This work proposes a new method to control the mechanical properties of inorganic functional ceramic fiber membranes through functional element structure design and provides the first bottom-ordered regulation method, offering a new dimension for future research in this field.     

Effect of spinning conditions on the mechanical properties of PA6/MWNTs nanofiber filaments

Carbon nanotube (CNT ) reinforced composite materials is a hot research issue now , but CNT/polymer composite nano-scale fibers still cannot be obtained readily, not mention to successfully prepare continuous CNTs/polymer composite nano-scale fiber filaments manufactured by electrospinning. In this paper, continuous filaments constructed of nano-scale PA6/MWNTs fibers in single-axis orientation were obtained by an improved wet-electrospinning technique. The effects of the concentrations of MWNTs, spinning speed and post-drawing on the mechanical properties of PA6/MWNTs nanofiber filaments were studied. The results show that when the concentrations of MWNTs is below 0.8 wt%, the increase of MWNTs content enhances the Young’s modules and breaking stress but reduces the breaking strain, while the breaking stress decreases when the MWNTs concentration exceeds 0.8 wt%. The Young’s modules and breaking stress increased as the spinning speed raised at the range of 1.8–9.0 m/min, but declined when the speed exceeded 9.0 m/min. The mechanical properties of the as-spun filaments can be improved by either dry or wet post-drawing, and the breaking stress of the wet post-drawn filaments was improved 2.64 times while that of the dry post-drawn filaments 2.28 times.