基于数字图像的微观尺度下方解石脉对页岩各向异性的影响

通过对牛蹄塘组页岩岩芯进行显微薄片观察和岩芯X射线全岩矿物衍射分析,并进行7组不同方位角下的直接拉伸数值试验.试验结果表明:方解石脉对页岩抗拉强度各向异性影响显著,随着方位角α的增大,抗拉强度逐渐递减,抗拉强度的方解石脉结构效应系数随方位角α的增大呈曲线型增长趋势,在α=90°达到最大,为0.127;不同角度下的页岩试...     

Deformation and failure characteristics of anchorage structure of surrounding rock in deep roadway

This paper investigated the stress evolution, displacement field, local deformation and its overall distribution, and failure characteristics of the anchorage structure of surrounding rock with different rockbolt spacing through the model experiments. The influences of the pre-tightening force and spacing of rockbolt on the support strength of the anchorage structure of surrounding rock were analyzed by the simulation using FLAC3D numerical software. The support scheme of the excavated roadway was then designed, and the effectiveness of this support scheme was further verified by the displacement measurement of the roadway. The results showed that the maximum displacement between the roof and floor of the west wing track roadway in Kouzidong coal mine, China is about 42 mm, and the maximum displacement between its both sides is about 72 mm, indicating that the support scheme proposed in this study can ensure the stability and safety of the excavated roadway.     

Deformation effect of lateral roof roadway in close coal seams after repeated mining

This paper analyzed the deformation mechanism in lateral roof roadway of the Ding Wu-3 roadway which was disturbed by repeated mining of close coal seams Wu-8 and Wu-10 in Pingdingshan No. 1 Mine. To determine the strata disturbance scope, the strata displacement angle was used to calculate the protection pillar width. A numerical model was built considering the field geological conditions. In simulation, the mining stress borderline was defined as the contour where the induced stress is 1.5 times of the original stress. Simulation results show the mining stress borderline of the lateral roadway extended 91.7 m outward after repeated mining. Then the original stress increased, deforming the roadway of interest. This deformation agreed with the in situ observations. Moreover, the strata displacement angle changed due to repeated mining. Therefore, reselection of the displacement angle was required to design the protective pillar width. Since a constant strata displacement angle was used in traditional design, the proposed method was beneficial in field cases.     

Research on the width of filling body in gob-side entry retaining with high-water materials

To determine the filling body's width along the gob-side remained roadway which is underneath the gob,the authors analyzed the interaction mechanism between the roof and the supporting body along the remained roadway, based on the elastic thin plate theory of the stope roof. The stress state and mechanical response of the filling body along the remained roadway were studied. Specifically, firstly, the supporting pressure of the coal pillar which is on one side of the gob-side remained roadway was deduced.Also, an equation that is used to calculate the width of the balance area in the stress limit state was acquired. Then, an equation that is used to calculate the roof cutting force on one side of the supporting body was obtained. By using FLAC3D, the authors investigated the displacement field and stress field response laws of rock masses around the roadway with different filling body's widths. The results show that with the filling body's width increasing, the supporting ability of the filling body increases.Meanwhile, the rock mass displacement around the roadway and the filling body deformation decrease.The better the filling body's supporting effect is, the higher the roof cutting force will be. When the filling body's width is larger than 3.0 m, its internal bearing ability becomes stable and the filling body's deformation became non-apparent. Finally, analysis shows that the filling body's width should be 2.5 m.Furthermore, the authors conducted field tests in the supply roadway 1204, using high-water materials and acquired expected outcomes.     

结构面特性对深埋隧洞稳定性的影响研究

结构面特性对深埋隧洞的受力和变形有重要影响。以某水电站引水隧洞为例,采用数值计算方法,对结构面不同倾角以及结构面与隧洞不同距离时深埋隧洞的稳定性进行分析。结果表明:隧洞左侧水平位移与底部突起量显著小于隧洞顶部沉降与右侧水平位移;结构面倾角对隧洞各关键部位位移有较大影响,而结构面至隧洞的距离仅对拱顶及隧洞右侧最大位移有一定影响;结构面与隧洞之间的距离在3 m以内时,塑性区沿结构面方向进行扩展,而距离大于6 m后,塑性区面积和形状趋于稳定,最大塑性应变降到较低水平并保持平稳。     

考虑巷道轴向影响的地下围岩应力场简化模型

由于多种因素影响的缘故，地下巷道轴向往往与最大主应力方向并不一致，这使巷道问题视为平面应变问题失去了应有的基础。从空间三维应力场简化模式出发，推导出圆形巷道围岩应力场与巷道轴向的对应关系，并提出了将广义平面应变问题转化为狭义平面应变问题的应力修正公式，这为巷道问题的理论分析与数值计算提供了必要的理论依据。     

基于ANSYS的地铁弹条强度模拟分析

针对地铁弹条的实际工况,采用UG建模,利用ANSYS-10．0仿真手段,对实际工作载荷下弹条中的应力和应变情况进行了计算机模拟．模拟结果显示：在压紧位移值和扣压量分别一定的情况下,改变对应的扣压量和压紧位移等边界条件后获得了弹条内部模拟应力分布和模拟最大应力值,模拟显示最大应力位置出现在地铁弹条的跟端弯曲圆弧位置;在两个影响因素中,压紧位移对弹条中的应力分布和最大应力值的影响更为显著．     

基于变形压力分析的有控卸压机理研究

为了确定卸压程度,降低卸压过程中围岩强度弱化对巷道稳定的不利作用,基于应变软化准则建立了变形压力的力学模型,依据变形压力的变化规律分析了有控卸压机理,并提出了"临界塑性区半径"作为有控卸压的判定准则.结合某软岩大巷的有控卸压支护实践,确定该巷道的"临界塑性区半径"为7.78 m,并将该结果应用于有控卸压支护参数的设计.工程应用表明,通过对卸压程度的合理控制,不但有效释放了围岩的变形能减小围岩对支护体的变形压力,并能降低围岩强度弱化对围岩稳定的不利作用,提高二次锚杆支护效果,保证了支护强度满足要求,使巷道处于长期稳定状态.     

横观各向同性体中Ⅰ型埋藏圆片裂纹的应力解法

本文利用对于横观各向同性体轴对称变形时应力函数解法的基本方程,并应用Hankel积分变换,求解了位于横观各向同性平面内的埋藏圆片裂纹在垂直于裂纹面远处均匀拉应力作用下的应力场和位移场,获得了与各向同性材料相同的应力强度因子,不同于各向同性材料的应力场和应变能释放率裂。     

计入初始应变项的平面梁单元非线性刚度矩阵

开展平面结构几何非线性分析时经常会遇到杆件含有初始应力力或初始应变的情况。由于非线性刚度矩阵中含有节点位移,矩阵运算量大,给刚度矩阵的推导带来很大困难。根据平面梁单元几何非线性方程,采用计入初始应力和初始应变项的一般性线弹性应力应变关系,导出了相应的切线刚度矩阵,利用MATLAB数学工具箱,给出了含有初始应力和初始应变的所有刚度矩阵的显式表达式,为程序编制奠定了基础。     

跨采条件下采场底板巷道参数的优化设计

根据底板应力场的作用特征,研究了采场底板巷道跨采作用下的合理层位、法向距离、平面位置等技术参数对巷道稳定性的影响,提供了有关跨采技术参数优化设计的方法及其结果．     

可压缩粘弹性材料Ⅰ型动态扩展裂纹尖端场

为了研究粘性效应作用下的动态扩展裂纹尖端渐近场,建立了可压缩粘弹性材料Ⅰ型动态扩展裂纹的力学模型,推导了可压缩材料Ⅰ型动态扩展裂纹的本构方程.在稳态蠕变阶段,弹性变形和粘性变形同时在裂纹尖端场中占主导地位,应力和应变具有相同的奇异量级.通过渐近分析求得了裂纹尖端应力、应变和位移分离变量形式的渐近解,并采用打靶法求得了裂纹尖端应力、应变和位移的数值结果,给出了应力、应变和位移随各种参数的变化曲线.数值计算表明,弹性可压缩变形对Ⅰ型裂纹尖端应力场影响甚微,而对应变场和位移场影响较大.裂纹尖端场主要受材料的蠕变指数n和马赫数M控制.当泊松比v=0.5时,可以退化为不可压缩粘弹性材料Ⅰ型动态扩展裂纹.     

嵌入非线性黏弹性材料弹性尖楔尖端的应力、应变场

套管损坏是石油工程研究中的重要问题之一,引起套管损坏发生的主要原因是在采油过程中油藏结构变化改变了原地应力场的分布以及不同岩层间界面的相对滑动.建立了以油藏隆起为尖楔嵌入非线性黏弹性材料的界面断裂力学模型.在平面应变条件下,通过奇异量级分析、运动方程和协调方程,推导出在尖楔尖端的非线性黏弹性材料中的控制方程.根据问题的边界条件和连续条件,通过数值计算得到了尖楔尖端连续的分离变量形式的应力、应变和位移场.数值计算表明,尖楔尖端场分布主要受材料的力学特性、地层倾角和摩擦系数的影响.模型阐明了套管剪切损坏力学机理,研究的结果为解决套管损坏问题提供了理论上的参考依据.     

Stability control of surrounding rocks for a coal roadway in a deep tectonic region简

In order to effectively control the deformation and failure of surrounding rocks in a coal roadway in a deep tectonic region, the deformation and failure mechanism and stability control mechanism were studied. With such methods as numerical simulation and field testing, the distribution law of the displacement, stress and plastic zone in the surrounding rocks was analyzed. The deformation and failure mechanisms of coal roadways in deep tectonic areas were revealed: under high tectonic stress, two sides will slide along the roof or floor; while the plastic zone of the two sides will extend along the roof or floor, leading to more serious deformation and failure in the corner of two sides and the bolt supporting the corners is readily cut off by the shear force or tension force. Aimed at controlling the large slippage deformation of the two sides, serious deformation and failure in the corners of the two sides and massive bolt breakage, a “controlling and yielding coupling support” control technology is proposed. Firstly, bolts which do not pass through the bedding plane should be used in the corners of the roadway, allowing the two sides to have some degree of sliding to achieve the purpose of “yielding” support, and which avoid breakage of the bolts in the corner. After yielding support, bolts in the corner of the roadway and which pass through the bedding plane should be used to control the deformation and failure of the coal in the corner. “Controlling and yielding coupling support” technology has been successfully applied in engineering practice, and the stability of deep coal roadway has been greatly improved.     

挡墙任意变位模式诱发周围土体水平位移的简化算法

将挡墙变位引起墙外土体水平位移视作平面应变条件下的位移-位移边值问题,借助刚性挡墙平移变位诱发墙外土体水平位移的基本解,利用微元法及叠加原理,提出在挡墙任意变位模式下的周围土体水平位移简化计算方法. 分别与挡墙刚性变位、柔性变位模式下的土体水平位移现场实测数据进行对比,发现简化计算法可以较好地预测墙外土体水平位移,验证了所提简化算法的准确性. 在土体最大水平位移上,简化算法的预测较实测偏保守,表明将简化算法应用于工程实践是偏安全的. 进一步参数分析发现,随着土体距围护结构距离的增大,土体最大水平位移迅速减小,且在最大位移深度以上存在某一临界位置,在该位置以上土体水平位移随其到围护结构距离的增大而增大,在该临界位置以下,变化规律则相反.     

Simulation of the relationship between roadway dynamic destruction and hypocenter parameters

Many factors can induce rock burst. Shock energy and shock distance are two key factors affecting rock burst. The 32101 roadway of the Xingcun coal mine, which has a tendency for rock burst, was used as an example. The dynamic module of Itasca's FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) 2D explicit finite-difference software was used to simulate the roadway's destruction. The vibration velocity and displacements of the rock surrounding the roadway were modeled for different shock energies and hypo-center distances. The simulation results indicate that the vibration velocity and displacement of rock surrounding the roadway have a quadratic relationship to the shock energy and a power law relationship to the distance of the hypocenter from the roadway. A dynamic view of the process was obtained from a series of "snap-shots" collected at 100 different time steps. This shows an isolat-ing "river" is first formed at the hypocenter. The region above the "river" is a low stress zone while below the "river" a high stress zone exists. This high stress zone surrounds the ribs of the roadway in a "double ear" pattern. Continuous and repeated action of the high stress in the "double ear" shaped zone destroys the roadway.     

三软综放沿空锚网索支护巷道回采期间围岩变形特征

针对三软综放沿空巷道围岩大变形、难支护的特点,提出采用锚网索支护新技术,通过对试验巷道数值模拟以及表面位移、围岩深部位移和围岩应力的现场监测,分析了试验巷道矿压显现活动规律,掌握了试验巷道在锚网索支护下的围岩变形规律,这为锚网索支护在三软煤层巷道的推广应用和支护参数设计提供了科学依据.     

Principle and practice of coupling support of double yielding shell of soft rock roadway under high stress

In order to ensure the safety and stability of the soft rock roadway under high stress, based on the characteristics of the surrounding rock deformation and failure, this paper presented the support technology “coupling support of double yielding shell”, then gave the design method of inner and outer shells and analyzed the principle and requirements of the support technology by taking the −850 m east belt roadway of Qujiang coal mine as the background. The field application results show that the support technology can control the soft rock roadway deformation better under high stress. The displacement between roadway sides was 851 mm, the displacement of the roof was 430 mm, and the displacement of the floor was 510 mm.     

淮南矿区某煤矿巷道支护效果数值模拟

结合淮南矿区的生产实际,将有限差分法软件(FLAC3D)引入到巷道稳定性计算中,对巷道不同厚度混凝土支护、不同根数的喷锚支护进行数值模拟计算,探讨围岩变形机理与支护效果.计算结果表明:随着喷射混凝土厚度的增加,巷道围岩变形呈负指数曲线规律下降,应力集中现象明显减弱;喷锚支护随着锚杆数量的增加,应力集中分布区域及最大位移明显减小.     

非连续岩体破裂机理及其工程稳定性研究

本研究为应用基础研究,以解决工程实际问题为目的,以围岩中客观存在的破裂区为主线,从对地下工程稳定性问题的评价入手,以相似材料模型试验和数值模拟计算为基本手段,以断裂力学为基础,研究了断续节理岩体的细观破坏机理、宏观破坏过程及其对围岩破裂区和围岩碎胀变形的影响规律;研究了断续节理岩体中围岩破裂区的性质、破裂区与地下工程稳定性的关系等问题,提出了以围岩破裂区和围岩收敛量作为判定围岩稳定性方法,为采矿工程的设计、施工和生产提供了较为可靠的决策依据.本文获得以下主要结论:1)围岩破裂区是一个综合数量指标,采用以围岩破裂区厚度作为围岩稳定性评价的指标.2)采用数字照相变形量测方法来测量围岩的变形,较好地解决了平面应变模型试验中的变形量测问题,符合非接触变形量测的发展趋势.3)断续节理岩体的破坏机制为:在集中应力作用下,节理端部岩桥首先发生张拉破坏,新生的岩桥裂纹与邻近原生节理相互串通,最终形成阶梯状滑移面而使岩体强度丧失.4)当节理两端的次生裂纹扩展长度l=h/sinβ时,节理岩体将产生贯通破坏.5)在节理岩体中,围岩破裂区是由于新生裂纹与节理相互贯通导致纵横交错的贯通裂隙所致,断续节理贯通破坏的边界可定义为围岩破裂区的边界.6)通过相似模型试验发现,当节理密度大时,围岩破裂区会跨越相邻节理;反之,节理对围岩破裂区的扩展有阻隔作用.7)围岩收敛速率的第一次突然增大,预示围岩中已产生破裂区,而围岩收敛速率的每一次突然增大,意味着围岩产生了剧烈的破坏.8)当节理角度在30°～75°之间时,节理角度对岩体强度的影响较大,并且在60°左右时岩体强度最低,稳定性也最差.9)当巷道的收敛量达到或超过2.5%时,巷道围岩中将产生破裂区;当巷道的收敛量达到或超过5%时,巷道将发生冒顶事故,已处于失稳状态;当巷道的收敛量达到或超过22.8%时,巷道将完全毁坏,并失去了人工稳定的可能.