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文章对小苏打生产母液的处理进行了研究,在氯化铵和氯化钠溶解度差异的基础上,采用浓缩趁热析出氯化钠再冷却析出氯化铵工艺,母液循环蒸发,无废液排放.对热法回收氯化铵的参数进行了详实的计算,经实际应用,效果良好. 相似文献
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采用热法制氯化铵工艺处理部分过滤母液,工艺过程为纳滤、MVR蒸发、真空结晶,可制备纯度较好的氯化铵,并使热法工艺与冷法互补,达到控制母液膨胀,减小循环量的目的. 相似文献
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介绍了通氨盐析硫酸铵钾提纯氯化铵转化法制取硫酸钾的新工艺。精制硫酸钾母液Ⅱ和粗品氯化铵母液Ⅳ混合加热,与氯化钾和热析硫酸铵钾一起反应制取粗品硫酸钾,再与氯化钾反应得到含51.27%氧化钾的硫酸钾;分离粗硫酸钾后的母液Ⅰ与硫酸铵和通氨盐析硫酸铵钾一起高温反应,分离热析硫酸铵钾的母液,经蒸发一定水后,冷却制取粗氯化铵;由贫氨母液溶解粗氯化铵后,经通氨盐析硫酸铵钾分离的母液进行蒸氨后冷却析出含33.35%铵根、64.01%氯离子、0.5%氧化钾的氯化铵。整个工艺过程闭路循环,氧化钾回收率达96.5%~97.5%。 相似文献
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盐湖卤水镁锂沉淀分离工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用氨水和氢氧化钠作为沉淀剂,对高镁锂比卤水进行镁的二次沉淀分离以及母液蒸发浓缩提锂工艺进行研究。实验结果表明:常温下,采用质量分数为10%的氨水作为沉淀剂,可使卤水除镁率达到88.6%,实现卤水中镁锂的初步分离;在此基础上,采用氢氧化钠溶液作为沉淀剂,控制浓度为8 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液的滴加速度为3 mL/min、反应时间为20 min、溶液终点pH=12.5、搅拌转速为120 r/min,采用漏斗过滤氢氧化镁沉淀,卤水的除镁率可达到99.8%。母液经蒸发浓缩析出氯化铵和氯化钠晶体,使锂得到富集。 相似文献
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732离子交换树脂从胱氨酸母液提取L-精氨酸的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
实验考察了温度、pH值、氯化铵和氯化钠浓度对 732阳离子交换树脂吸附L -精氨酸的影响 ,并测定了 2 5℃时 732离子交换树脂吸附L -精氨酸的吸附等温线。结果表明 :温度变化对吸附率影响较小 ;pH值增大 ,吸附率下降 ;溶液中氯化铵或氯化钠浓度增大 ,吸附率迅速下降 ,且当氯化铵或氯化钠物质的量浓度达到1.0mol·L-1时 ,L -精氨酸难于被吸附 ;2 5℃时 ,最大饱和吸附量约为 117g·kg-1树脂。根据实验结果开发了从胱氨酸母液提取L -精氨酸的工艺 ,提取率达到 80 %以上。 相似文献
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为了解决氯化钠废盐对环境的危害,将侯德榜制碱法应用于氯化钠废盐资源化处理过程,形成了氯化钠废盐制备碳酸氢钠、氯化铵的工艺。设计了用于氯化钠废盐资源化处理的气升式环流反应器,对氯化钠废盐资源化处理过程中的铵化、碳化等气-液反应过程强化进行了研究。利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件研究了环流反应器内部的流动及传质情况,通过比较实验值与模拟值确认了CFD模拟的可靠性。对氯化钠废盐资源化处理过程中的铵化过程、碳化过程以及后处理过程进行了实验研究。优化实验条件:在表观气速为0.044 4 m/s条件下,铵化过程通氨气的时间为70 min、碳化过程通二氧化碳的时间为105 min、第二次铵化过程通氨气的时间为40 min。在此条件下所得碳酸氢钠的纯度为89.68%、氯化铵的纯度为85.11%,氯化铵经重结晶精制所得产品纯度可达到99.9%,碳酸氢钠和氯化铵产品纯度均符合市场需求。 相似文献
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利用氯化铵溶解度随温度变化较大的特点,采用降温冷析的方法回收氯化铵。通过试验确定了冷析回收氟化钠生产废液中的氯化铵工艺的基本参数:2℃下冷析6 h,NaCl的加入量为40 g/L,每吨废水中可回收农用氯化铵近0.1 t。该工艺简单,克服了传统热法工艺对设备腐蚀大、能耗高等缺点。回收所得产品质量稳定,达到农用氯化铵国家标准的要求。 相似文献
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The accelerating effect of a small cationic quaternary ammonium compound and the adsorption kinetics in the dyeing of silk with reactive dyes
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Feng‐Xiu Zhang Cheng Chen Guang‐Xian Zhang Ling Zhong Yuan‐Song Zhang Su Tan 《Coloration Technology》2015,131(3):259-267
In order to develop an eco‐friendly method for silk reactive dyeing that uses a lower accelerant dosage to achieve a higher dye fixation, hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride was synthesised as an accelerant for the dyeing of silk with reactive dyes. The accelerating effect, corresponding adsorption kinetics, and interaction mechanisms among hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride, reactive dyes, and silk were investigated. At hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride concentrations of 10.8–14.4 mm , the dye fixations for three reactive dyes were much higher than those achieved with sodium sulfate, even though the required dosages of hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride were 30–40 times lower than those of sodium sulfate. The wash fastness, rub fastness, light fastness, K/S, and colour difference values after dyeing with hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride were similar to those obtained using sodium sulfate, and silk can be dyed uniformly. The adsorption kinetics followed a second‐order kinetic model. The activation energies of surface adsorption for the three reactive dyes were lower than those of sodium sulfate. The high fixation of reactive dyestuffs and the low required dosage of hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride demonstrate that the use of this new accelerant provides a novel, highly efficient method for silk dyeing. A possible acceleration mechanism of hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride for reactive dyes adsorbed on the surface of silk was proposed, based on a series of activation parameters of the adsorption process. 相似文献
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The effects of additions of urea, monobasic ammonium phosphate, dibasic ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium chloride on some physical properties of an unfired and a fired illitic shale of high carbonate content were studied. X-ray examination of the Devonian shale showed that illite was the predominant clay mineral; there was also some chlorite. Scum was reduced and a clean surface was produced by additions of ½ to 1% of ammonium phosphate. Urea did not reduce scum. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride increased scum. Fired absorption was increased by monobasic ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate, whereas dibasic ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, and urea produced only slight changes. The workability of the tempered shale was decreased by 1% additions of monobasic ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate. The presence of the chloride or the nitrate ions caused thixotropy and the phosphate ion caused dilatency. All ammonium additions shortened the time for complete oxidation of the shale specimens. Ammonium chloride was the best oxidation accelerator. Only the 1% addition of ammonium chloride increased the frost resistance of specimens fired to cone 07. All specimens fired to cone 02 were frost resistant and ammonium additions had no effect. The hydration of lime on specimens fired to cone 07 was not affected by additions of ammonium salts, Firing to cone 02 reacted most of the free lime and held hydration to a minimum. 相似文献
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介绍了硝酸铵氧化分解海绵铜生产氯化亚铜的方法。工艺过程:将海绵铜加入硝酸铵和硫酸的混合液中,海绵铜中的铜溶解得到硫酸铜溶液;向硫酸铜溶液中加入亚硫酸铵和氯化铵,亚硫酸铵将硫酸铜还原为硫酸亚铜,氯化铵将硫酸亚铜氯化沉淀为氯化亚铜;氯化亚铜经酸洗、醇洗、烘干得到成品;滤液经蒸发浓缩得到硫酸铵副产品。最佳制备条件:(1)海绵铜溶解过程,反应温度为60 ℃,硫酸浓度为0.2~0.3 mol/L,硝酸铵用量为过量10%~20%;(2)沉淀氯化亚铜过程,亚硫酸铵与硫酸铜的物质的量比为0.6,氯化铵与硫酸铜的物质的量比为1.0~1.1;
(3)沉淀氯化亚铜用质量分数为2%的硫酸水溶液洗涤,再用质量分数为95%的乙醇洗涤,再经烘干得到氯化亚铜产品,所得产品质量符合GB/T 27562-2011《工业氯化亚铜》要求。 相似文献
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结合了微型化学实验仪器与手持技术设备探究了氯化铵、氯化钠、氢氧化钠固体溶解的温度变化过程;实验结果表明,该微型掌上设备可探究到该实验的历程,且数据丰富,图表直观明晰,可触动学生的探究欲望。 相似文献