稀土永磁体辅助金属带传动的磁场形态及扭振分析

稀土永磁体辅助金属带传动时,带轮上永磁体的不同排列方式将会产生不同的磁场形态,其对金属带的作用也将不同。本文利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对磁场形态进行分析,并且建立了金属带受磁场力作用后扭转振动的力学模型。     

整体双层盘式永磁涡流联轴器及其转矩特性分析

基于对传统单层盘式永磁体涡流联轴器的磁路分析,设计了一种整体双层盘式永磁体涡流联轴器。该联轴器将两个单层盘式永磁涡流联轴器的永磁体以N-S对应的方式安装到一块背铁的正反面上,减小了背铁磁阻在磁路中带来的损耗,提高了永磁体的磁能利用率,增大了转矩。通过等效磁路法建立该结构的数学模型,并与有限元法仿真模型相结合,综合分析了其转矩特性。搭建了该永磁涡流联轴器的样机,通过实验验证了上述分析的可靠性。结果表明：所建数学模型准确,并且该联轴器的转矩相对于传统永磁涡流联轴器转矩有较大提高。     

车载控制台结构设计与仿真分析

某控制台位于空间紧凑的轻型高机动底盘车内,控制台的结构紧凑、重量轻、多功能操控、操控舒适度高等需求是设计中的难点和重点。针对控制台内装设备的结构特点,提出了控制台的轻量化和集成化设计方案,满足结构的美观性和可靠性要求。基于控制台的车载使用环境条件,采用有限元软件构建控制台的力学分析模型,分析了控制台的模态计算结果,同时探讨了不同方向的随机振动对控制台强度和刚度的影响。仿真结果和试验验证表明,控制台的强度和刚度满足设计要求。控制台结构设计合理可行,满足整车系统的使用要求。     

外加磁场对磁流体润滑油膜轴承的影响

为了研究磁流体润滑油膜轴承内磁场的分布情况,分别通过永磁铁、螺线管及亥姆赫兹线圈对其施加3种不同形式的外磁场。通过磁场二维实体有限元模型的数值仿真,分析在3种模型下磁流体润滑油膜轴承的磁场分布特性,并比较磁场在油膜区的分布情况。结果表明,永磁铁模型的磁场主要分布在永磁铁、油膜、轴承座以及靠近磁铁的轧辊部分,螺线管模型的磁场主要分布在油膜、轴承座以及靠近磁铁的轧辊部分,亥姆霍兹线圈模型的磁场主要分布在线圈以及油膜的端部;3种模型在油膜区磁场分布沿轴向均呈现中间小、两端大的不均匀现象,且具有端部效应;永磁铁模型和螺线管模型在油膜区磁场沿径向分布均匀,亥姆霍兹线圈模型沿径向分布不均匀。     

磁珠分离式样品提取微流控芯片的磁珠运动速度建模及特性研究

为提高磁珠分离式生物医学样品的提取效率,采用永磁和软磁体相结合的磁场设计结构,提出一种新型磁珠分离式样品提取微流控芯片。利用静磁学和流体力学基本原理推导出流场中磁珠运动的速度模型,通过多物理场耦合仿真软件对流场中磁珠运动规律进行瞬态仿真,分析软磁体的结构和分布对微流道内磁珠的水平分速度以及竖直分速度的影响关系,计算不同设计结构所允许的磁珠完全吸附时微流道中最大允许流量。结果表明,增大软磁体的厚度可以快速减小磁珠水平运动的速度,并减小其在垂直方向上的波动,且在双软磁体作用时,软磁体的间距越大,水平方向和垂直方向的速度波动越大;间距越小,磁珠粒子速度稳定的时间越短。     

电液伺服转阀耐高压双向旋转比例电磁铁

针对传统旋转比例电磁铁不耐高压的不足,提出一种耐高压的旋转比例电磁铁结构。永磁体产生的极化磁通与线圈产生的控制磁通相互叠加,使电磁铁输出与控制电流成比例的双向转矩(转角)。通过磁路、磁场仿真分析和试验研究,分析其静态力矩特性和动态幅频特性,仿真结果与试验结果基本吻合,表明该旋转比例电磁铁结构紧凑、无控制零位死区、输出力矩大(最大输出力矩为±0.65 N•m)、响应快(幅频宽约为190 Hz),具有正磁弹簧刚度、良好的线性度(非线性误差小于3％)及较小的滞环(小于4.5％),可用于直接驱动电液伺服转阀。     

Structure optimization for magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder

The main purpose of this research is to perform a magnetic analysis on the magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder (PMR) and optimize the structure of magnetic equipment with the commercial FEM software ANSYS and its design optimization module. The FEM model is built as an axisymmetric model according to the characteristics of the structure of magnetic equipment. Using this model, the magnetic field distribution and magnetic force are calculated by ANSYS. The mathematical model of structure optimization is also built. The design variables are structural parameters including the dimensions of permanent magnets and magnetic yoke, and the objective function is the magnetic force. The unconstrained optimization model takes the maximum value of magnetic force as the objective. A first-order optimization method is used to determine the optimum design of this problem. The optimization process works entirely with the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). The design tools are used to understand design space and the behavior of the dependent variables. It is shown that designing a structure with the ANSYS optimization module and its design tools is an effective means to improve the structure.     

Highly coercive permanent magnets in standard magnetic clutches

The power characteristics of highly coercive permanent magnets (barium-oxide and rare-earth alloy magnets) used in magnetic clutches are compared. By using different permanent magnets, clutches of the same size that produce different torques may be obtained.     

履带车辆齿轮传动系统非线性振动特性研究

以齿轮系统动力学和非线性振动理论为基础,针对具有齿侧间隙和时变啮合刚度的某履带车辆齿轮传动系统,建立单自由度齿轮系统非线性振动模型,通过数值仿真方法求解并分析在不同档位下的振动特性,并对其在某些变量参数下进行了振动特性研究,所得结果既反映了动力学性能,又为下一步进行多自由度齿轮系统的非线性振动研究提供了有力的依据.     

飞轮储能磁轴承系统结构及其悬浮特性

介绍了一种由径向永磁轴承与电磁推力轴承组成的单轴主动控制的飞轮储能磁轴承系统结构 ,径向永磁轴承提供径向恢复力与轴向悬浮力 ,电磁推力轴承提供轴向恢复力。并对系统的结构参数计算及其磁悬浮特性进行了分析与讨论。研究结果表明 ,永磁轴承动、静磁环轴向位移对系统承载力与刚度有明显影响 ,采用多对磁环永磁轴承 ,有利于提高系统承载力与径向刚度     

水力旋流器固体颗粒运动行为的分析

通过对旋流器内固体颗粒的受力分析,提出固体颗粒精确运动轨迹结构是由确定性的径向力、轴向力以及不确定性的随机力所决定,并对固体颗粒存在的随机因素进行了分析.在此基础上,分析了固体颗粒与液体的跟随性,认为在强湍流情况下,颗粒除在径向方向的运动有别于液体介质外,在轴向与切向也存在差异,且这种差异与颗粒粒度大小、密度、流体性质以及湍流强度有关.     

数控弧齿铣齿机的切削动力学研究

以一台数控弧齿铣齿机为例，分析了机床结构及其受力特点，结果表明，切削分力的大小和方向在从切入到切出的过程中变化很大，造成了铣齿过程的不稳定。通过测量刀具和工件间相对激振的频率响应曲线，分析出机床结构存在两个薄弱模态对应的模态频率。试验模态分析和机床结构有限元计算均验证了结构薄弱模态的存在，并得到了相应的振型特点。谐响应分析表明，机床每一切齿走刀过程的切入和切出期间，不同大小和方向的切削力激发了机床结构相应的薄弱模态。机床的自激振动试验验证了谐响应分析的结果，并得到了稳定的切削区间。     

Research on the Error Averaging Effect in A Rolling Guide Pair

By studying the e ects of geometric precision on kinematic accuracy, an error mapping model has been established, based on the hypothesis that a motion pair and its installation surface are rigid. However, when using this assumption,there is a significant error induced in high-precision computer numerical control(CNC) machine tools as compared with reality. One of the most important reasons for this error is failing to consider the error averaging e ect of motion pair elements. Therefore, this work examines a high-precision horizontal machining center as its research object, and analyzes the error averaging mechanism of a rolling guide pair under a deformation of the rolling elements. The carriage bearing forces caused by guideway straightness errors are obtained by constructing a geometric error model of a single carriage. The relationship between guideway straightness errors and carriage bearing forces is described by a transfer function in the spatial frequency domain, and its characteristics are analyzed. It quantifies the so-called error averaging e ect of the rolling guide system and, on this basis, a static model for four carriages is established to reflect the error averaging e ect of the rolling guide pair on the position and orientation errors of the motion pair. In addition, it is found that the wavelengths and phase di erences of guideway errors a ect this error averaging mechanism, but the amplitude and preload have little influence thereon. The experiment result shows that the kinematic straightness errors in the x-and y-directions were approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the guideway straightness errors in the corresponding directions. The results can be used to guide the precision design and assembly of machine tools.     

永磁体形性特征对磁水复合支撑式艉轴承润滑特性的影响

螺旋桨重力会导致船舶推进轴系发生挠曲,造成艉轴承边缘润滑状态恶劣。采用一种磁水复合支撑形式的艉轴承,通过引入永磁体磁力作用,改善桨重因素对艉轴承边缘润滑状态的不利影响;构建永磁体三维磁力特性分析方法,探究不同永磁体材料磁性质和布置形式对磁力承载性能的影响规律;基于艉轴承弹性流体动压润滑分析方法,获取永磁体形性特征对润滑特性的影响规律。结果表明：磁承载力受永磁体材料剩磁的影响明显,材料剩磁越大,永磁体承载力越大,轴承润滑状态相对越好;沿周向增加磁块数目或增加永磁块轴向长度可以增大永磁体的承载力,但永磁体承载效率可能下降,设计时需综合考虑;磁体的布置形式也对磁力承载性能和润滑性能影响显著,在永磁体体积相同的情况下,更为合理的布置形式可使永磁体承载力与艉轴承最小水膜厚度明显增大。     

重型越野车辆油气弹簧设计与验证

为了满足重型越野车辆对大行程弹性元件的要求,创新设计了一种双气室油气弹簧。根据结构和工作特性,建立了两种工作状态下的油气弹簧数学模型,并分析了其刚度特性。加工油气弹簧样件,进行台架试验,获得了不同频率下的油气弹簧作用力和位移数据。分离弹簧作用力中静摩擦力、阻尼力和弹性力。利用弹性力和位移数据,通过曲线拟合方式,识别油气弹簧工作气体不同工况下的多变指数。设计的双气室油气弹簧结构、油气弹簧理论模型,对油气弹簧在大行程越野车上的应用提供了支撑。     

Selecting the Rotor’s Magnetic System in Electromechanical Energy Converters with Highly Coercive Permanent Magnets

The selection of the optimal magnetic system for a quadrupole electromechanical energy converter with highly coercive permanent magnets is considered, in the case of nonsteady operation in generator mode. The type of magnetic system corresponding to different optimality criteria is identified. The eddy-current losses in the highly coercive permanent magnets are analyzed.     

Mechanical properties of ferrofluid applications: Centering effect and capacity of a seal

This paper presents three-dimensional study of a ferrofluid seal, its centering effect and its static capacity. Thus, a method based on a potential energy criterion has been put forward to study the seal shape. But such a use of ferrofluid seals is interesting only if the magnetic field created by the permanent magnets saturates totally the ferrofluid. Two cylindrical structures consisting of two and three outer ring permanent magnets with an inner non-magnetic cylinder are considered. The calculation of the magnetic pressure of the ferrofluid seal is analytically established.     

一种高灵敏度磁性液体倾角传感器的研究

磁性液体独特的二阶悬浮力可以替代固体弹性元件为倾角传感器的惯性元件提供一个柔性弹性力,能够极大提高倾角传感器的抗冲击性能,已经在石油勘探行业成功应用。为进一步提高磁性液体倾角传感器的灵敏度,基于磁性液体的二阶悬浮特性提出了一种新的结构和检测方法,对传感器中两个永磁体间磁场的空间分布进行了理论计算和仿真,并通过试验对比分析了在选定不同参数条件下传感器的静态性能,最终得到当侧向间隙为3 mm,磁性液体注入量为1.4 g时,传感器量程为0°～50°,线性度误差为1.004 7%,灵敏度为2.3 mV/°,分辨率为0.023°,重复性误差为3.18%,工作性能最佳,且该传感器性价比高,壳体用材环保,具有很好的实用价值。     

单轨车辆耦合动力学模型与振动响应特性

为了研究单轨车辆在设计车速范围内的振动响应特性,进而评价单轨车辆运行平稳性与舒适性能,分析了单轨车辆走行轮、导向轮、稳定轮和转向架中央牵引装置及车体间的拓扑关系,利用Hamilton方程构建了包含走行轮与轨道梁顶部,导向轮、稳定轮与轨道梁侧部等三向轮轨接触对的单轨车辆空间耦合系统动力学模型,并对单轨的PC轨道梁走行面及轨道梁左、右两侧部轨面的不平度进行了数值模拟。基于空间耦合动力学模型,以轨道不平度为激励源,设定车辆以某一恒定速度在直线轨道上运行,获取了单轨车辆的振动响应特性,并与实车测试结果对比分析,验证了单轨空间耦合动力学模型的正确性。在此基础之上,获取了单轨车辆不同设计车速下的振动响应特性,对单轨车辆的运行平稳性和舒适性进行了评价。结果表明,单轨车辆的舒适性能优良,运行平稳性能处于优秀等级。     

Mode-selective ultrasonic wave sensor and its characteristics

A magnetostrictive sensor is proposed that can selectively measure the specified mode among two kinds of elastic waves transmitted through a ferromagnetic shaft, and its various characteristics are examined by experiments. The magnetic circuit of the proposed sensor is configured by using permanent magnets and its mode selection is accomplished by only reversing the poles of the permanent magnets. By means of finite element analysis, the validity of the proposed sensor is verified. Prototype sensors are made and their sensitivity and linearity are investigated as basic characteristics. The results show the proposed sensors are able to measure the target mode waves with good sensitivity and linearity. By exciting undesirable modes of waves intentionally, it is verified that the sensor can measure the target modes and reject the undesirable wave modes considerably.