基于扩展反电动势法的长定子直线同步电机无速度传感器控制研究

针对长定子直线同步电机高速运行时,机械传感器无法准确地获得转子位置和速度信号的问题,研究了一种适合在长定子直线同步电机中应用的扩展反电动势法无速度传感器控制策略。基于长定子直线同步电机的数学模型,分析了扩展反电动势法用于长定子直线同步电机无速度传感器控制的鲁棒性。仿真和实验结果证明了基于锁相环的扩展反电动势法无速度传感器控制能够实现高速时电机的无速度传感器闭环控制,并且此方法对电机参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Rotating vector methods for smooth torque control of a switchedreluctance motor drive

This paper has two primary contributions to switched reluctance motor (SRM) control: a systematic approach to smooth torque production and a high-performance technique for sensorless motion control. The systematic approach to smooth torque production is based on development of novel rotating spatial vectors methods that can be used to predict the torque produced in an arbitrary SRM. This analysis directly leads to explicit, insightful methods to provide smooth torque control of SRMs. The high-performance technique for sensorless motion control is based on a rotating vector method for high bandwidth, high resolution, position, and velocity estimation suitable for both precise torque and motion control. The sensorless control and smooth torque control methods are both verified experimentally     

A new position‐sensorless position control method for high‐speed spindle systems

This paper proposes a new position‐sensorless position control method for high‐speed spindle drive systems. Mechanical vulnerability of position sensors such as an encoder mounted on a spindle motor is becoming a serious problem as required speed increases. For high speeds above 1500 rad/s, sensorless drive is preferred. It is possible for current technologies to control spindle motor in speed control mode without the sensor, but not in position control mode without the sensor. In the example of high‐speed spindle systems of automatic machine tools, implements must be automatically attached to and removed from the spindle at standstill. Automation necessitates position control, for which current technologies require a sensor. The proposed method makes it possible to realize pure sensorless high‐speed spindle systems performing in both speed and a position control modes. The method can attain a position control performance with quick settling from speed control and a repetitive positioning precision of 0.006 rad, 0.4°, which is comparable to that achieved by current sensor‐based methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 58–69, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10059     

基于扰动滑模观测器的永磁同步电机矢量控制

分析了一类非线性系统基于扰动的滑模状态观测器设计的基本思想,在此基础上将其应用到永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制策略下永磁转子速度及位置信息的获取当中.为获取精度较高的状态估计,设计了具有变截止频率特性相位补偿的位置及具有自适应调节率的转速滑模观测器,理论分析表明这类观测器对参数变化具有极强的鲁棒性.仿真结果证明基于空间矢量脉宽调制供电技术的永磁同步电机双闭环无传感器矢量控制系统具有较好的动静态性能.     

Position Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Extended EMF and Voltage Injection Synchronized with Pulse‐Width Modulation Carrier

This paper presents a new position sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed method is based on the extended electromotive force (EMF) and voltage injection synchronized with a pulse‐width modulation carrier. The proposed method does not need to switch the estimation method by speed in order to estimate the magnetic pole position by extended EMF, even at low speeds. Further, the amplitude of the superimposing voltage is changed according to the extended EMF; the applied voltage is not saturated in the high‐load and high‐speed regions. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system was verified experimentally.     

基于EKF的永磁同步电动机无位置传感器控制研究

提出了一种基于扩展Kalman滤波器(EKF)的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统.利用易于检测的电机端电压和端电流,采用EKF算法实时估计电机的转速和磁极位置,得到矢量控制系统反馈信号和矢量变换角度.转速和电流控制器均采用PI控制,转速控制器输出作为电流控制器的参考信号,电流控制器产生SPWM逆变器的控制信号.仿真和实验结果表明EKF能在宽的转速范围内对系统的状态做出精确稳定的估计,基于EKF的永磁直线电机无位置传感器驱动系统具有良好的动态响应特性.     

Sensorless control of synchronous reluctance motors using on‐line parameter identification method not affected by position estimation accuracy

This paper presents a novel on‐line parameter identification method for sensorless control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs). Although conventional sensorless control methods based on mathematical models usually need some complex measurements of motor parameters in advance, the proposed identification method does not require them and can be realized on‐line. The proposed method identifies motor parameters under sensorless control, so rotor position and velocity cannot be used to identify these parameters. However, the proposed method does not need rotor position and velocity, and identified parameters are not affected by these estimation errors. The sensorless control using identified motor parameters is realized, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(3): 62–69, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20258     

基于脉振高频注入法的零低速永磁直线同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对零低速下永磁直线同步电机（PMLSM）的无位置传感器控制方法存在精度低、稳定性差、算法复杂等问题,提出了一种改进的脉振高频注入法的无位置传感器控制方法。在利用PMLSM饱和凸极性进行初步位置估计的基础上,提出了特殊位置校正和磁极判断的方法,从而简便地获得较为准确的动子位置,实现PMLSM零低速下的无位置传感器运行。在此基础上,利用Simulink对PMLSM无位置传感器控制进行仿真建模,并搭建样机试验平台进行试验验证。通过仿真和试验结果表明,所提方法可以准确、快速地检测出PMLSM动子初始位置和低速运行时的动子位置,保证电机平稳起动运行,且具有良好的位置估计精度和动态性能。     

基于自适应Luenberger观测器的永磁同步直线电机无位置传感器控制

传统无位置传感器控制系统的位置信息处理一般采用PI调节器。针对PI调节器存在参数整定、跟踪性能差和抑制干扰能力弱等问题,提出了一种新型的自适应Luenberger观测器。利用脉振高频电流注入法(HFI)获得高频位置信号,根据电机的动力学方程建立Luenberger观测器并对速度、负载扰动进行观测,采用神经网络建立参数自整定的控制器取代观测器中的PID控制,实现了永磁同步直线电机(PMLSM)的无位置传感器控制。仿真结果表明,在速度变化与负载扰动同时存在的情况下,基于自适应Luenberger观测器的PMLSM控制系统的速度估算误差最大值为2×10^-3 m/s,位置估算误差最大值为-3×10^-5 rad,具有良好的跟踪性能和抗干扰性能。     

Four-Quadrant Sensorless Operation of Switched Reluctance Machine over the Wide Speed Range

Abstract

This paper presents four-quadrant sensorless control in switched reluctance machine (SRM) over the wide speed range. The proposed sensorless control technique could be employed not only at low speed with current chopping control (CCC) but also at high speed with angle position control (APC). At startup and low speed, the narrow voltage pulse is injected into the idle phases and the rotor position zone is determined by comparing the measured flux linkage with four flux linkage-current curves. The same flux linkage-current curves also can be adopted for rotor positions estimation at medium and high speeds. Two flux linkage-current characteristic curves in the inductance rising zone are employed to estimate the rotor position for motoring mode and the other two curves in the inductance falling zone are used to estimate the rotor position for braking mode. The experiments on a three-phase 12/8?pole SRM drive platform are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control technique.     

开关磁阻电机神经网络随控无位置传感器实现

采用以开关磁阻电机(SRM)控制方式与无位置传感器控制相结合的方法,实现无位置传感器控制(即随控无位置传感器)。对SRM采用直接转矩控制(DTC),并在此基础上推导出以绕组相电流和相电压为输入,以各相转矩为输出的非线性映射关系。利用广义回归神经网络的非线性拟合能力实现该输入、输出之间的非线性映射,进行转矩估计,从而消去转矩传感器。仿真结果表明,SRM不仅可以在各种速度下实现无位置传感器控制,还可以有效的抑制转矩脉动。     

Sliding-Mode Sensorless Control of Direct-Drive PM Synchronous Motors for Washing Machine Applications

A new sensorless field-oriented control of direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous motors based on “sliding mode” has been studied and applied to domestic washing machine drives. To achieve speed control requirements for the application, a novel sliding-mode observer has been developed by applying the technique of feedback of the “equivalent control.” Armed with the developed algorithms, this observer is able to minimize the estimation error of rotor position at low speeds and guarantee fast convergence of the observer at high speeds in the flux-weakening region. As such, this sensorless control is suitable for domestic washing machine drives demanding wide-speed-range operation. The proposed sensorless control algorithms are implemented in a cost-effective digital controller and tested in a selected prototype washing machine. Both computer simulation and experimental results are illustrated for verification.      

永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制技术综述制技术研究综述

无位置传感器电机驱动器具有成本低、可靠性高、硬件电路简单以及维护要求少等优势,在学术界和工业应用中受到了越来越多的关注。对适用于零低速域、中高速域以及全速域三种运行范围的多种无位置传感器技术进行了综述。首先,分别对比分析了零低速域和中高速域下各种无位置传感器控制方法的优缺点。其次,梳理和总结了目前全速域运行的切换控制策略。最后,对永磁同步电机无位置控制技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并指出了后续研究的关键问题。     

基于滑模观测器与SPLL的PMSG无传感器控制

实现永磁同步发电机矢量控制的前提在于电机转速与转子位置信息的准确获取.为此,提出一种基于滑模观测器与软件锁相环的无传感器方法,该方法直接在转子同步旋转d-q坐标系中采用滑模观测器估计电机感应电动势,再将估计出的感应电动势作为软件锁相环输入进行转速与转子位置的估计.分析、推导出了感应电动势滑模观测器与软件锁相环的数学模型...     

基于载波注入的凸极永磁同步电动机无传感器控制

为了解决凸极永磁同步电机低速和零速时的转子位置估计问题，提出了一种载波注入的无传感器控制方法。在电机定子端注入高频正弦载波电压信号，利用空间凸极跟踪技术，从载波电流中取出位置估计的误差信号，再经过卡尔曼滤波器的处理，得到位置和速度估计信息。载波的恢复即高频信号的解调则通过一个带有外差作用的二阶低通滤波器来实现。仿真结果证实了这种方法的可行性，它适用于凸极永磁同步电机低速和零速时的转子位置和速度估计。     

永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制综述

永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制系统,通过测量电机定子侧电流和端电压算出转子位置,替代了传统的机械位置传感器,系统成本低、可靠性较高.转子位置可由开环算法或通过闭环观测器观测得到.利用电机的非理想特性来提取转子位置信息,进一步将无速度传感器控制的范围扩展到低速甚至零速.对永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制策略进行分类,详细介绍了各种速度观测方法,并比较了它们的优缺点.     

Position and speed sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor with parameter identification

The model parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are required for high‐performance control and a model‐based sensorless control. This paper proposes a sensorless control system of PMSM that does not need parametric information beforehand. The parameters of a PMSM drive system, including the inverter, are identified at standstill and under operating conditions. At first, the initial rotor position is estimated by a signal injection sensorless scheme in which the machine parameters are not required. After the initial position has been estimated, the resistance, including the on resistance of the IGBT, the voltage error caused by dead time in the inverter, and d‐axis and q‐axis inductances, are identified at standstill. After the motor starts by the signal injection sensorless control, the sensorless scheme changes to an extended EMF estimation scheme. The estimated parameters for the resistance, and daxis and q‐axis inductances are used in such sensorless control. The magnet flux‐linkage, which cannot be estimated at standstill, is identified under the sensorless operation at medium and high speeds. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by several experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 68–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20548     

基于相电流梯度法的开关磁阻电机间接位置检测

提出了一种改进型相电流梯度法的开关磁阻电机间接位置检测方法,即在开关磁阻电机的转子运行到定子极和转子极开始重叠位置附近时采用定占空比电压PWM控制,加以合适的相电压,使相电流梯度变为负值,然后对电流梯度进行过零检测,得到位置检测脉冲,在其他转子位置仍然采用传统的电流滞环控制。这种间接位置检测方法适用的转速范围宽,对电机的出力和动态响应速度影响很小,并且只需要添加很少的硬件。文中对该方法进行了理论分析,进行了仿真和实验,结果验证了方法的可行性。     

Sensorless controls of salient‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motors using extended electromotive force models

In this paper, we propose a new mathematical model for synchronous motors and a sensorless control method based on it. To control permanent magnet synchronous motors, knowledge of rotor position and velocity are necessary. Heretofore, expensive sensors have been used to detect rotor position information. Although many sensorless control methods based on the electromotive force (EMF) have been developed for non‐salient‐pole permanent magnet motors, they cannot be applied for salient‐pole motors without approximation because of complications in the mathematical model; this is turn may lead to problems of instability. To solve this problem, we propose an extended electromotive force model for synchronous motors. The proposed model has a simple structure, making position estimation possible without approximation. Experimental results show that the proposed model and method are valid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(3): 55–64, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10257     

无刷直流电机无位置传感器转子位置自检测复合方法

基于对定子铁心饱和法和滑动模态观测器法转子位置自检测原理和特性的讨论,提出了一种能在全速范围内(包含零速在内)实现转子位置准确检测和控制的复合方法.零速时采用定子铁心饱和法判断转子初始位置并起动,低高速时设计了一种新的准滑动模态观测器控制算法,它将反电动势估算值反馈到定子电流的观测计算中,相比传统的滑模观测器算法,它可以通过选择合适的反馈值提高转子位置角的估算精度和系统的稳定性,并且切换函数采用饱和函数代替开关函数,可以通过选择合理的边界层厚度有效地削弱抖振.以一台表面式无刷直流电机为对象进行实验,实验结果表明该转子位置自检测复合方法能够在全速范围内有效地估算转子位置信息,是实现无刷直流电机无位置传感器运行的一种实用方法.