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This survey focuses on the mechanical properties of spruce tonal wood from three different locations in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland. In addition, the material from one location was stored under water for three months in order to test the influence of extractives. The tests included the analysis of the annual ring structure, measurements of the sound velocity with longitudinal and transverse waves in the three main directions, bending strength, bending modulus of elasticity (MOE), eigenfrequency, logarithmic decrement of the damping, sorption and swelling. Single specimens were taken to measure the extractives content. The tested wood properties suggest tonal wood of high quality for all the locations. No significant differences of the wood properties, except density-related ones, were found between the three locations. The water storage resulted in the removal of extractives, but no significant change in properties could be found.  相似文献   

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Particles and fibres were prepared from saw mill wastes (chips) after different storage periods. The particles and fibres were chemically analysed regarding the change in their pH-value, buffering capacity, extractive content, release of volatile acids and formaldehyde release. Furthermore, the physical-mechanical properties of UF- and PMDI-bonded particleboards and fibreboards prepared therefrom were assessed. The results reveal:
  1. Storage leads to an improvement in the properties of UF-bonded particleboards prepared from pine chips as the internal bond strength increases and the thickness swelling decreases.
  2. Particleboards made from spruce prior to storage show in general better mechanical properties and lower thickness swelling compared to those prepared from pine wood. However the differences dwindle upon storage.
  3. Storage seems to have almost no influence on bending properties of particles bonded with PMDI, as no significant change in the properties of the boards due to storage was detected.
  4. Storage of chips from wood felled in spring has less impact on the properties of the boards than that of chips from winterfelled wood (Schäfer und Roffael, 1997).
  5. The properties of MDF made from spruce using UF-resin as a binder show higher mechanical strength properties and less thickness swelling compared to those prepared from pine wood. However, after storage only subtle differences between boards made from spruce and pine were detected.
  6. On using PMDI as a binder no significant changes in the properties of the MDF due to storage under the boundary conditions indicated in the work were detected.
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Zusammenfassung Die Oberfl?chen von Spanplatten sind für deren Weiterverarbeitung von Bedeutung. Die Frage der Technik zur Messung der Oberfl?chengüte von Spanplatten wird er?rtert. Im Zusammenhang mit eigen Untersuchungen werden Vorschl?ge für die Oberfl?chenmessungen mit Hilfe des Tastschnittverfahrens gemacht. Die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens notwendige Quellung der zu prüfenden Spanplattenobertl?chen erfolgt bei Wasserlagerung rund hundertmal schneller als bei Lagerung in feuchter Luft. Eine Erh?hung des Hydrophobierungsmittel-Gehaltes der Decklagenp?ne, zeigt keinen nennenswerten Einflu? auf den Verlauf der Decklagenquellung. Mit hoher Decklagen-Spanfeuchtigkeit hergestellte Platten weisen nach 24 h Wasserlagerung eine nur geringe Rauhtiefenzunahme auf. Spanplatten, die mit Schleifpapier feinerer K?rnung geschliffen werden, zeigen auch nach einer Wasserlagerung glattere Fl?chen als mit grober K?rnung gechliffene Platten. Das Befeuchten der Spanplattenoberfl⇂hen vor dem Schleifen ergibt eine merkliche Verminderung der Rauhtiefenzunahme gegenüber nicht befeuchteten Oberfl?cher. Für die Untersuchung unbehandelter Spanplatten-oberfl?chen ist das Pastentestverfahren nach H. Flemming gut geeignet.
Measuring of the surface of particleboard
Summary The surfaces of particleboard are of importance for their finishing. The problem of technics concerning the measurement of surface quality of particleboard is discussed. In connection with own investigations proposals for surface measurements with the tracer method are made. The swelling of the particle-board to be tested necessary for the procedure is, with watering achieed about a hundred times quicker than in humid air. An increase in the content of water-repellent agent in the outer layer does not show any significant effect on the swelling of surface layers. After 24 h of watering, boards produced with a high moisture content of the surface layers show merely a slight increase in roughness. Particleboard sanded with sandpaper of a finer grit even after watering shows a smoother surface than boards sanded with a coarser grit. The wetting of the particleboard surfaces prior to sanding yields a notable diminishing of the roughness increase as against not wetted surfaces. For the investigation of untreated particleboard surfaces the Pastentest procedure according to H. Flemming is well suited.
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Ohne Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit wurde mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, der auch hier gedankt sei, durchgeführt.  相似文献   

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