Ni—20Cr—Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层及其高温氧化性能

采用高频电脉冲沉积技术在Ni-20Cr合金表面上沉积MGH754ODS合金,获得了Ni-20Cr-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层。在1000℃空气中对Ni-20Cr合金及施加涂层的试样进行100h的氧化实验。结果表明,微晶化和添加弥散氧化物（Y2O3）促进了铬发生选择氧化形成Cr2O3氧化膜,提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能和氧化膜的粘附性,用AFM,SEM,EDS和XRD分别为Ni-20Cr合金与Ni-20Cr-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层的形貌、结构和成分进行了研究,讨论了弥散氧化物微晶涂层改善Ni-20Cr合金高温氧化性能的协同作用机理。     

双极串联脉冲放电沉积微晶涂层的高温氧化行为

提出了一种以脉冲电源两极作为沉积电极 ,以被处理试样作为感应电极 ,发生串联脉冲放电沉积金属涂层的新技术。通过“针—板—针”电极放电实验证实了上述串联脉冲放电过程。采用改进的双极串联电脉冲沉积设备在 1Cr18Ni8不锈钢基体上沉积了 1Cr18Ni8微晶涂层和弥散Y2 O3 微小颗粒的 1Cr18Ni8微晶涂层。在 95 0℃空气中进行的高温氧化实验结果表明 ,获得的 1Cr18Ni8微晶涂层极大地提高了抗高温氧化性能 ,同时还证实在微晶涂层中施加微小弥散Y2 O3 颗粒有助于进一步降低涂层的氧化速率及提高氧化膜的抗剥落性能     

Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶和含Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层的高温氧化性能

采用自行研制的高频电脉冲沉积(HFESD)设备在Fe20Cr4.5Al合金表面分别制备了Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶涂层与Fe20Cr4.5Al-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层.在1000℃和1100℃静态空气中,对合金基体和施加涂层试样进行了200 h的恒温氧化实验.结果表明在两种实验温度条件下,含有Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒的微晶涂层,完全消除了Al2O3氧化膜中的凸脊,细化了氧化膜的晶粒,抑制了氧化膜的剥落,大大地提高了氧化膜的致密性和粘附性.单一的微晶涂层则部分抑制了凸脊状氧化膜的形成,氧化膜由脊状氧化物和细晶氧化物混杂组成.涂层对氧化增重的影响则与氧化温度-氧化膜的生长速率有关,在1000℃下,涂层试样的氧化增重均有所降低,其中弥散氧化物微晶涂层试样的氧化增重最低;在1100℃下,施加微晶涂层和弥散氧化物涂层对氧化增重影响很小.微晶和Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒在提高Al2O3氧化膜保护性方面具有"协同效应".     

Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶和含Y2O3弥散氧化物涂晶涂层的高温氧化性能

采用自行研制的高频电脉冲沉积（HFESD）设备在Fe20Cr4.5Al合金表面分别制备了Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶涂层与Fe20Cr4.5Al-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层。在1000℃和1100℃静态空气中，对合金基体和施加涂层试样进行了200h的恒温氧化实验。结果表明：在两种实验温度条件下，含有Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒的微晶涂层，完全消除了Al2O3氧化膜中的凸脊，细化了氧化膜的晶粒，抑制了氧化膜的剥落，大大地提高了氧化膜的致密性和粘附性。单一的微晶涂层则部分抑制了凸脊状氧化膜的形成，氧化膜由脊状氧化物和细晶氧化物混杂组成。涂层对氧化增重的影响则与氧化温度－氧化膜的生长速率有关，在1000℃下，涂层试样的氧化增重均有所降低，其中弥散氧化物微晶涂层试样的氧化增重最低；在1100℃下，施加微晶涂层和弥散氧化物涂层对氧化增重影响很小。微晶和Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒在提高Al2O3氧化膜保护性方面具有“协同效应”。     

NiCrAlY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrA1Y涂层，测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃-1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。实验结果表明：K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律。900℃和1000℃时，K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后，明显改善了合金的抗氧化性。1100℃时，涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃，900℃氧化时，NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的组成；1000℃氧化时，氧化初期，NiO,Cr2O3和Al2O3 3种氧化物同时生成。随着氧化的进行，不仅氧化膜增厚，而且发生较复杂的反应，氧化膜的相组成发生变化。随着氧化温度升高，涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧，Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化降低的原因。氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来，也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低。     

NiAl微晶涂层对两种NiAl基共晶合金高温氧化性能的影响

研究了磁控溅NiAl微晶涂层对NiAl－28Cr-5Mo-1Hf和NiAl－33.5Cr-0.5Zr两种共晶合金在1000－1150℃静态空气中氧化性能的影响，添加Cr,Mo,Hf,Zr等元素使NiAl合金由单相转变为多相结构，高温氧化后表面分别形成抗氧化性能较差的Al2O3 CrO3 HfO2和Al2O3 Cr2O3 ZrO2复合氧化膜，并且发生严重的内氧化。施加NiAl微晶涂层后，高温下表面形成致密的单一氧化物Al2O3，抗氧化性能得到明显提高。     

电弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层对镍基单晶合金热腐蚀行为的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基单晶合金表面沉积Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层,研究镍基单晶合金及其Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层在900℃的75%Na2SO4+25%K2SO4(质量分数)熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:镍基单晶合金受到了严重的热腐蚀,镍基单晶合金内部出现了严重的内硫化和内氧化现象,且内硫化物区域和内氧化物区域出现明显分层结构,与外腐蚀层相邻的区域为内氧化区域,远离外腐蚀层的基体内部形成内硫化区域;而Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层在热腐蚀过程中,表面生成连续的Al2O3氧化膜,且随腐蚀时间延长,Al2O3氧化膜的厚度增大,表现出优良的抗热腐蚀性能。     

NiCrAIY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrAlY涂层,测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃～1100℃的氧化动力学曲线.实验结果表明:K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律.900℃和1000℃时,K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后,明显改善了合金的抗氧化性.1100℃时,涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃.900℃氧化时,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-A12O3和Cr2O3组成;1000℃氧化时,氧化初期,NiO、Cr2O3和A12O3 3种氧化物同时生成.随着氧化的进行,不仅氧化膜增厚,而且发生较复杂的反应,氧化膜的相组成发生变化.随着氧化温度升高,涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧,Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化性降低的原因之一.氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来,也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低.     

电弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层900℃的热腐蚀行为

采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基单晶合金上沉积Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层,并研究了镍基单晶合金及有Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层镍基单晶合金在900℃的75%Na2SO4+25%K2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明,镍基单晶合金遭受了破坏性的热腐蚀,出现了严重的内硫化和内氧化;而由于Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层在熔盐中生成连续的Al2O3氧化膜,阻止了熔盐对单晶合金的腐蚀,有涂层镍基单晶合金表现出优良的抗热腐蚀性能。     

超音速颗粒轰击处理对MCrAlY涂层TGO生长的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法在镍基高温合金(GH99)上制备了MCrAlY涂层,并进行超音速颗粒轰击处理,研究了超音速颗粒轰击工艺对MCrAlY涂层显微结构和热生长氧化物(TGO)的影响.结果表明,通过表面轰击处理,增加了涂层中Al元素的扩散通道;高温氧化过程中MCrAlY涂层表面很快形成连续致密的Al2O3膜,保护了Ni,Cr等元素避免被氧化,从而避免了Ni(Cr,Al)2O4,NiO等大颗粒氧化物的生成;这样减少了涂层中的裂纹产生和扩展的可能性,从而提高涂层抗高温氧化性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.