熟化对粗对苯二甲酸粒径的影响

研究了高温下熟化时间、搅拌转速、温度、固含率等因素对粗对苯二甲酸晶体粒度的影响,结果表明:熟化时间延长、搅拌转速增加和固含率降低均有利于提高晶体熟化速率,增大对苯二甲酸晶体的平均粒径。温度提高有使粒径减小的趋势,但在实验条件范围内影响不大。粗对苯二甲酸晶体在其饱和溶液中熟化时晶体粒度分布曲线的形状不变。     

Synthesis of multihollow polyester particles in supra‐ and infra‐millimeter size ranges by double emulsion process

Multivesiculated particles (MVPs) are obtained from a double emulsion system, being currently used as opacifying agents by waterborne paint industry. They have high mechanical resistance and low density as a result of a rigid multialveolar structure formed by cross‐linked polyester. Depending on the particle sizes, different novel applications can be envisaged. This work studies how the conventional one‐step batch emulsification approach can be adapted for producing MVPs with average diameters ranging from tens of microns to a few millimeters. The Taguchi method was employed to identify the level of influence of several process variables on the final yield of small (<100 µm) or large (>1 mm) particles. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) concentration and molecular weight proved to be the most significant factors to obtain small particles. For large particles, the most significant factors were the PVA molecular weight and the stirring rate during the curing phase. Uniform vesiculation and low particle density could only be obtained by adjusting the stirring conditions during dispersion of the organic phase, due to limitations in water diffusion rate into large organic droplets. Large particles exhibited tendency to fracture due to residual stresses, but this problem was solved by using an organic‐soluble cure initiator. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:590–597, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Large aerosol particles in a convective storm environment

Concentrations of large (d > 10 μm) inorganic and organic particles varied widely at ground level and at subcloud altitudes. Particle concentration decreased at a slower rate aloft than at ground level; as a result, the relative abundance of large aerosol particles aloft tended to increase with increasing particle size. A substantial fraction of organic particles aloft was found to be responsible for this trend.

Curves of freezing frequency indicate the presence of two distinctive sources of freezing nuclei derived from large aerosol particles active in the − 9 to − 12°C and − 19 to − 22°C temperature ranges.     

低阶煤煤泥和浮选精煤制备水煤浆的影响机制研究

以低阶煤煤泥(LS)和浮选精煤煤泥(LF)为原料,通过成浆性实验并结合两种煤泥煤样的粒度分布、表面特性、灰分特征、润湿特性及对分散剂吸附性的测试结果,对LS和LF制备水煤浆的影响机制进行研究。结果表明:分别使用LS和LF作为原料制备水煤浆,当分散剂添加量(干基分散剂与干基原料的质量比)从0%增加至0.7%时,LS的最高成浆浓度(干基煤粉与煤浆的质量比)从58%提高至59%;LF的最高成浆浓度从51%提高至57%;LF与LS相比,灰分质量分数从37.05%降低至13.62%,有机组成无变化,无机矿物中石英含量降低显著,粒度分布范围较窄,对分散剂的饱和吸附量降低;LS和LF煤样中颗粒的径距分别为2.22和1.51,LF中颗粒的堆积效率较低,粒度分布是造成LS和LF成浆性差异显著的主要因素,LF的颗粒较细且尺寸较为接近,煤样颗粒表面的静电力使LF颗粒容易团聚在一起,分散剂作用于粒度较细且粒径相近的LF时,主要用于抵抗分子间的作用力,从而造成LF分散剂消耗量大,采用LF制备水煤浆,需充分考虑粒度分布的影响,选用分散性能较优的水煤浆分散剂。     

多孔TiO_2薄膜的制备及其透光性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锐钛型TiO2薄膜。通过改变溶胶压热陈化温度、时间,得到了不同晶粒及孔径尺寸、不同透光率的薄膜。TG-DSC及FTIR分析表明,乙酰丙酮已结合到高分子链上,随溶胶陈化温度的上升及陈化时间的延长,干凝胶中的有机质的量下降,并能够在较低的温度下充分分解。XRD的测试结果表明,TiO2薄膜的晶粒尺寸随陈化时间的延长而减小。对薄膜的TEM观察发现,微结构呈蜂窝状,随着溶胶陈化时间的延长,相应薄膜的孔径尺寸减小,孔壁变薄。气孔的形成主要是干凝胶中的有机质在200～400℃时的氧化分解所致,其大小及分布主要取决于干凝胶中所含有机质的成分。80℃下陈化24h及150℃下陈化2h溶胶制备的薄膜其透光性能较佳,500nm透光率最高分别达到了96%及90%。     

半固态搅拌制SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料过程的数值模拟

采用商用的计算流体动力学(CFD)计算软件Fluent对SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料搅拌过程进行动态模拟,研究了不同搅拌速度、搅拌时间及温度对于SiCp/AZ91(SiC颗粒增强镁合金AZ91)组织的影响。研究结果表明,搅拌时间和搅拌速度对于SiCp/AZ91材料成品质量有显著的影响,搅拌速度的增加有助于SiC颗粒的分散,但速度过快导致液面起伏较大,大量气体进入镁液中,最终使成品中气孔较多。而在搅拌时间方面,当时间较短时,SiC颗粒未充分与合金液混合,因此出现大片SiC颗粒团聚现象。随着搅拌时间的延长,团聚的颗粒逐渐向镁合金液中均匀分散,当搅拌时间为15 min时,SiC固相颗粒与镁合金液所组成的混合相最为均匀,此时继续延长搅拌时间,其固相颗粒的宏观均匀性并未发生进一步变化。根据模拟和试验的结果得出最佳的搅拌时间为15 min,搅拌速度为300 r/min。     

Antisolvent crystallization of carbamazepine from organic solutions

Carbamazepine was crystallized from organic solutions using an antisolvent crystallization technique. Ethanol was used as a solvent for the carbamazepine and distilled water was used as an antisolvent. The carbamazepine was dissolved in the solvent, and the drug solution was injected into the antisolvent causing the particle precipitation. During the crystallization experiments, the effects of the process parameters such as solution concentration, temperature, injection rate of the solution, and the presence of ultrasound, were investigated. An analysis of the produced particles showed that external characteristics such as particle size and its distribution were a strong function of the process parameters, while the internal structures such as crystallinity and thermal stability were nearly unaffected. Smaller particles were obtained when solutions with high drug concentrations were used. Higher temperature resulted in larger crystals. Particle size was also influenced by the injection rate of the drug solutions. Carbamazepine particle size was significantly reduced when the ultrasonic wave was selectively applied.     

Influence of crystallization conditions on crystal morphology and size of CaCO3 and their effect on pressure filtration

The temperature, supersaturation, seeding procedure, stirring speed and other parameters were varied in crystallization experiments of calcium carbonate performed in aqueous solutions to control size, particle size distribution and morphology of the particles. Particle size information was obtained by focused beam reflectance measurements and the Coulter Counter Multisizer. Crystals of CaCO₃ could be crystallized as spherical polycrystalline particles of the vaterite polymorph, needle‐like crystals of aragonite and both cube‐like and novel plate‐like crystals of calcite. Filtration experiments for calcium carbonate, performed at a constant pressure difference of 2 bar, show that spherical particles with a larger size show better filterability and that spheres with a wider size distribution, as a result of high supersaturation and nucleation, give higher average cake resistance values. Comparing different particle morphologies, plate‐like crystals and needle‐like crystals show worse filterability than spherical particles and cube‐like particles. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Preparation and reshaping of composite microparticles for color toner based on the encapsulated nanoparticles

In this paper, the styrene–acrylic resin-encapsulated organic pigment composite nanoparticles were synthesized by mini-emulsion polymerization first, and then the aggregated microparticles used for color toner were prepared via the emulsion aggregation method. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis manifest that when the emulsifier dosage was 5 wt% of the monomer, the composite nanoparticles owned clearly core-shell structure, uniform size, and appropriate zeta potential, which was conducive to the subsequent aggregation. The evolution of aggregated particle size and morphology under different stirring rates, coagulant concentrations, and temperatures was investigated by mastersizer and scanning electron microscopy. The result shows that when the stirring rate was 1,000 rpm, coagulant concentration was 0.2 mol/L, and the curing temperature was 65°C, aggregated particles with suitable size, narrow size distribution, and regular shape could be obtained. The reshaping of aggregated particles can further improve their morphology. When the reshaping temperature was 75°C, the product particles owned perfect spherical shape, and there were almost no cracks and pores on the surface of the particles. This synthesis strategy is believed to provide a guide for the fabrication of composite microparticles with controllable particle size and morphology.     

Modeling,Simulation, and Experimental Evaluation of Particle Size Distribution in Stabilized Fluidized Bed Adsorption System

Fluidized beds containing solid particles of a wide size distribution is of significant practical importance. In such systems, the overall behavior depends on the opposing effect of mixing and classification. In the present work, the mixing and segregation behavior of liquid fluidized beds containing particles of different sizes is described mathematically. Particle size distribution (PSD) is studied in a glass column of 5 cm internal diameter and 250 cm length. Ion exchange resins were used as a solid phase with a particle size range of 50 to 650 µm. The bed was fluidized at constant and low water flow velocity and the particle size measurement was carried out at different locations over the column length by analytical scanning electron microscope. Particle size fractionation data obtained by Malvern Mastersizer-2000, version 5.4, was utilized in the solution of developed model equations to obtain PSD. It is apparent that the mixing model along with the classification model represents better results than any other model given by various researchers in the literature. The proposed model is in good agreement with the PSD data given by Malvern particle size analyzer.     

乳化法明胶亚微米粒子的制备

以A型明胶为原料,石蜡油为油相,采用乳化化学交联方法制备了明胶亚微米粒子. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了明胶亚微米粒子的形貌和粒径. 研究了影响微球粒径的多种因素,包括明胶溶液浓度、乳化搅拌速度、乳化温度、乳化剂和固化剂. 结果表明,采用戊二醛为固化剂、增加明胶的浓度、提高乳化搅拌速度、使用混合性的乳化剂都有利于降低明胶粒子的粒径. 此外,对制备工艺进行了优化,并在7000 r/min左右高速搅拌的条件下,得到了成球性较好的粒径约为450 nm的明胶亚微米粒子.     

纳米SiO2的分散性对水泥胶砂强度的影响

采用手工搅拌、机械搅拌以及超声波作用对纳米SiO2进行分散处理,通过纳米粒度Zeta电位仪测定纳米SiO2胶体粒径及粒径分布,研究了纳米SiO2的分散性及其对水泥胶砂强度和毛细吸水的影响.研究结果表明,比较三种分散效果,超声波作用最好,机械搅拌次之,手工搅拌最差;增加超声波作用时间,纳米SiO2胶体平均粒径降低,分散性提高,超声波作用超过10 min,纳米SiO2胶体小颗粒增多,但粒径分布曲线整体向大颗粒方向偏移,分散性提高不明显;水泥胶砂强度和毛细吸水性与纳米SiO2的分散性有关,随纳米SiO2分散性的提高,水泥胶砂强度增大,毛细吸水系数降低,胶砂试件的密实度提高.     

Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with acrylic acid in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate: Synthesis and characterization

Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with acrylic acid in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate using poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium) as the stabilizer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator was investigated. The influence of initiator concentration, stabilizer concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, chain‐transfer agent concentration, and polymerization temperature on the copolymerization was discussed. The results showed that varying the ammonium sulfate concentration could affect the particle size and the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer significantly. With increasing the stabilizer concentration, the particle size of the copolymer decreased first, and then increased, meanwhile the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer decreased. The increase of initiator concentration, chain‐transfer agent concentration, and polymerization temperature resulted in the increase in the particle size. Polydisperse spherical particles were formed in the system, and the kinetics for the dispersion copolymerization were discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3685–3690, 2006     

氨水-草酸共沉淀法中试制备微米CeO2工艺的初步研究

以氨水-草酸为共沉淀剂对氯化铈进行了沉淀实验,研究了反应温度、物料浓度、搅拌强度、陈化时间等因素对草酸盐粒度的影响,确定了较佳反应条件:草酸共沉淀法,陈化时间60min,CeCl3浓度1mol· L-1,搅拌速度400r·min-1,反应时间3h,焙烧温度800℃,氨水-草酸pH为1～6,制备了微米级的氧化铈并进行了中...     

Dispersion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid in polar media: effects of reaction parameters on the particle size and size distribution of the copolymer microspheres

Micron‐size functional crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles with narrow size distribution in the range of 1～5 µm were prepared by dispersion copolymerization in polar media with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) as steric stabilizer, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as initiator and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. The effects of functional comonomer acrylic acid (AA) concentration, contents in AIBN, EGDMA and PVP, media polarity as well as reaction temperature on the particle size and size distribution were investigated. Particle size initially increased, and then decreased with increasing AA concentration in the range of 0.7～3.5 mol l^?1, having a maximum of 5.01 µm at the concentration of 2.1 mol l^?1, while size distribution became broader. This was regarded as the result of different roles of PAA in the process. Particle size increased with decreasing media polarity and stabilizer concentration, and with increasing initiator concentration and reaction temperature. The resulting particle shapes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the presence of carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF ULTRAFINE FERRITE PARTICLES

Ultralfine Ni-, Co- and Zn-ferrite particles were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of the same gel-like precipitates formed at room temperature. Round ultrafine particles were formed, whose size ranged from 6 to 16 nm, depending on hydrothermal conditions. The size distribution could be described by a log-normal function, and the geometric standard deviation defined as 84.1%-size/50%-side in the size distribution was determined to be about 1.2 regardless of hydrothermal temperature and time. The effect of the reaction conditions on the mean particle size was investigated. As the hydrothermal temperature rises, the particle size increases and crystallization is promoted. The effects of stirring speed in the autoclave and initial loadings of raw materials on the mean size of ferrites are negligibly small.     

磷酸陈化槽内桨叶高度对颗粒悬浮特性影响的数值模拟

以磷酸陈化槽为研究对象,使用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对陈化槽内的磷石膏固体颗粒的悬浮特性进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明在高搅拌转速条件下,过大或过小的桨叶离底高度都不利于颗粒悬浮,搅拌功率随着桨叶的离底距离先增大,然后趋于稳定,但是离底距离对搅拌功率的影响较小,可以忽略不计,结合搅拌槽内固相的浓度分布情况,得出相对最好的桨叶离底距离为陈化槽直径的0.33倍。     

微细颗粒强化氧气吸收实验

引言目前,石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺是在燃煤电厂应用最广的烟气脱硫技术,脱硫的副产品是脱硫石膏(CaSO4.2H2O)。但在实际运行过程中由于氧化率未达到要求值,从而使得产生的石膏晶体不足,形成了亚硫酸钙和硫酸钙的混合晶体[1];另外,燃煤锅炉产生的烟气虽经除尘,但进入脱硫装置时仍含有大量粉尘颗粒[2-3]。因此,在电厂实际的脱硫过程中,发生的并不是单纯的两相     

四氢呋喃和一氟二氯乙烷水合物颗粒聚结特性

实验研究了四氢呋喃（THF）水合物和一氟二氯乙烷（HCFC-141b）水合物颗粒聚结特性,将实验得到的水合物颗粒聚结粒度分布（PSD）与正态分布、对数正态分布、伽马分布、威布尔分布拟合曲线对比,探讨了初始四氢呋喃溶液和一氟二氯乙烷溶液浓度以及搅拌速度对水合物颗粒聚结的影响,并对四氢呋喃水合物和一氟二氯乙烷水合物颗粒特性进行了对比。结果表明,四氢呋喃水合物和一氟二氯乙烷水合物颗粒聚结粒径符合对数正态分布;初始溶液浓度越低、搅拌速度越大,水合物颗粒聚结粒径越小,可以起到防治水合物颗粒聚结的作用;四氢呋喃水合物颗粒粒径是一氟二氯乙烷水合物颗粒粒径的1.3倍左右,从成浆输送的角度来说,一氟二氯乙烷水合物颗粒更易于在管道中输送。     

Investigation of the rapid expansion of supercritical solution parameters effects on size and morphology of cephalexin particles

The particle size of organic and inorganic materials is vital parameter to determine its final use. Most of the newly developed pharmaceutical materials are poorly soluble or insoluble in the aqueous media such as biological fluids. Particle size reduction of such pharmaceuticals is one of the clues to improve the dissolution rate, adsorption and bioavailability. In this study, the effect of extraction and expansion parameters of the RESS process such as extraction temperature (313–333 K), extraction pressure (140–230 bar), effective nozzle diameter (450–1700 μm), nozzle length (2–15 mm) and spraying distance (1–7 cm) on the size and morphology of the precipitated particles of cephalexin were investigated. The morphology and particle size of the unprocessed and processed (precipitated) particles were examined by the SEM images. The mean particle size of the precipitated particles was between 0.86 and 7.22 μm depending upon the different experimental conditions used. The precipitated cephalexin particles were close to spherical form while the unprocessed particles were irregular or needle in shape.