A precoding scheme for DFT-based OFDM to suppress sidelobes

In spectrum pooling scenario, the spectral leakage of DFT-based OFDM signal can be divided into in-band-out-of-subband (IBOSB) radiation and out-of-band (OOB) radiation. A precoding scheme is proposed to suppress the IBOSB sidelobes. The precoding design is based on the generalized eigenvalue problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can suppress the sidelobes significantly in contrast to the uncoded schemes. At the same time, the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the precoded system over multipath fading channel is improved due to the frequency diversity.     

Improved Algorithms for Cancellation Carrier Optimization to Suppress the OFDM OOB Spectrum

Cancellation carriers (CCs) are known to be effective for suppressing the out-of-band (OOB) spectrum of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal and are useful to realize OFDM-based overlay systems. We show that the known minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) algorithm is not sufficient to reduced the OOB spectral peaks in the vicinity of transmission band boundaries compared to a direct minmax algorithm and show that a weighted MMSE (WMMSE) algorithm can attain almost the same suppression performance as the direct min-max algorithm with the same computational cost as the MMSE algorithm.     

Out-of-Band Radiation Reduction in Cognitive Radio OFDM Systems Hybridizing Firefly Algorithm with Generalized Sidelobe Canceller

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is the most popular method for dynamic spectrum access because of its ability in changing the spectrum shapes. However, it produces a substantial out-of-band (OOB) radiation due to the high sidelobes of the modulated subcarriers which results in considerable interference to the neighboring users. This challenge becomes even more critical in cognitive radio networks, which gives the secondary system the right to use the available spectrum holes. In this paper, a joint technique for the reduction of OOB radiation is developed by adding the advantages of the cancellation carriers, based on firefly algorithm and of the generalized sidelobe canceller. Simulation results show that by using the proposed technique substantial reduction in OOB radiation is achieved.     

Minimization of the Intermodulation Distortion of a Nonlinearly Amplified OFDM Signal

In the course of development of the HIPERLAN-Standard OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) was a possible candidate for the modulation scheme.An advantage of OFDM is that it can be implemented simply and that it is suitable for the transmission of high data rates in the mobile radio channel. Furthermore, it is insensitive against disturbances caused by multipath propagation. However, the OFDM signal shows a nonconstant envelope that leads to unwanted out-of-band radiation, in case the transmitter amplifier has a nonlinear characteristic.In this paper a method for the reduction of the fluctuation of the envelope of an OFDM signal is presented. Combined with a predistortion to linearize the characteristic of the transmitter amplifier an efficient method for the reduction of the out-of-band radiation results so that OFDM could prove to be a suitable modulation scheme for future mobile telecommunication applications.     

OFDM系统干扰控制的联合预编码

为研究正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的带外(OOB)辐射和高峰值平均功率比(PAPR)两个问题,阐述了两个问题的成因和传统技术的优势与不足,介绍了常见的预编码矩阵.根据OFDM系统原理,对OOB辐射和PAPR问题进行建模,构建新的预编码系统模型.最后对传统OFDM、预编码、联合预编码三者进行了比较,并展望了预编码干扰控制需进一步研究的方向.     

OFDM信号频谱分析及两种带外辐射抑制技术的性能比较

加入循环前缀之后的OFDM信号的频谱不再是若干函数叠加的形式,子载波频谱不仅具有虚部,而且子载波间也不再保持正交性.基于这种更准确的OFDM子载波频谱模型,重新衡量两种抑制OFDM信号功率谱带外辐射方案的性能,为认知无线电系统的调制方案设计提供参考.     

Hardware nonlinearities in digital TV broadcasting using OFDMmodulation

FFT-based coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) is one of the techniques for digital TV broadcasting over multipath fading channels. A FFT-based OFDM signal is subject to various hardware nonlinearities in both the transmitter and receiver. Hardware nonlinearities not only affect the in-band performance of an FFT-based OFDM system but also may affect the system performance of an adjacent channel signal because of regenerated sidelobes of the transmitted signal. The paper investigates the in-band and out-of-band behaviour of a 64QAM-OFDM system under various nonlinear devices. It is shown that the inherent signal clipping in the IFFT processors with a limited word length reduces the required RF amplifier output backoff (OBO) where adjacent channel interference is the limiting factor. For a 0.25% clipping rate, an additional 2 dB OBO is required for the COFDM signal to achieve the same level of adjacent channel interference as for the single carrier system. The loss in SNR due to signal clipping is negligible in a coded OFDM system     

Pairwise subcarriers weighting for suppressing out‐of‐band radiation of OFDM

This paper proposes a subcarrier weighting technique to suppress the out‐of‐band radiation of OFDM signals. By mapping and weighting the same data on an adjacent pair of subcarriers, the spectrum sidelobes are suppressed perfectly through sidelobes mutual cancellation. The optimum weighting factor is derived based on a rectangular pulse‐shaped OFDM spectrum model. Compared with existing out‐of‐band suppression schemes, the proposed scheme not only requires less computational burden but also achieves better spectral roll‐off. For example, when the cyclic prefix of a one‐eighth OFDM‐block length is added, the proposed scheme suppresses the 10‐dB radiation at the center frequency between two subbands which are using cognitive radio. Analytical and simulation results also show that the proposed scheme improves the system carrier‐to‐interference ratio by 10 dB at a normalized frequency offset above 0.1, which leads to the performance improvement in terms of the BER on AWGN channel and multipath fading channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Low Complexity Partition Dummy Sequence Insertion PAPR Reduction Method for the OFDM System

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique has been widely adopted in many wireless communication systems because it can divide a wideband channel into several narrowband ones to avoid the frequency selective fading. However, one major drawback of the OFDM signal is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem. The high PAPR results in the in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation when the OFDM signal is fed into a nonlinear power amplifier. In this paper, we propose a Low Complexity Partition Dummy Sequence Insertion method to reduce the PAPR and computational complexity of the Partition Dummy Sequence method. Simulation results of the PAPR, Bit Error Rate and complexity reduction for the proposed method are evaluated to demonstrate its capabilities.     

Iterative estimation and cancellation of clipping noise for OFDM signals

Clipping is an efficient and simple method to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. However, clipping causes distortion and out-of-band radiation. In this letter, a novel iterative receiver is proposed to estimate and cancel the distortion caused by clipping noise. The proposed method is applied to clipped and filtered OFDM signals. It is shown by simulation that for an IEEE 802.11a typical scenario the system performance can be restored to within 1 dB of the nonclipped case with only moderate complexity increase and with no bandwidth expansion.     

Spectral precoding for rectangularly pulsed OFDM

Spectrally precoded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising rectangularly pulsed OFDM signaling format which can provide very small power spectral sidelobes, while allowing for efficient implementation by fast Fourier transform and guard interval insertion. In this paper, general constraints on spectral precoding are developed for OFDM signals with zero padding (ZP-OFDM) or cyclic prefix (CP-OFDM) to warrant the desirable spectral property that the power spectral sidelobes decay asymptotically as f^?2K?2, where K is a preassigned positive integer. In accordance with the constraints, block partitioning is adopted to construct a general signaling format to facilitate the precoder design of the spectrally precoded CP-OFDM that can provide fast decaying sidelobes. New correlative and orthogonal precoders are also devised so that the desirable spectral property of fast sidelobe decaying is achieved with spectrally precoded ZP-OFDM and CP-OFDM signals.     

Optimization of Peak to Average Power Reduction in OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) a multicarrier system [1, 2] provides base for all advanced wireless communication system. The performance of OFDM is degraded by peak-to-averagepower ratio (PAPR). High PAPR requires high power amplifiers (HPAs). The nonlinearity of the HPA exhibits amplitude and section distortions, that cause loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers, and hence, intercarrier interference (ICI) is introduced inside the transmitted signal. Not only that, high PAPR put together lands up in in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation. Rather than using HPA’s, the only way to improve performance of OFDM system is to reduce PAPR. The PAPR reduction of OFDM system gives fair reduction in PAPR under partial transmits sequence (PTS) and DCT-SLM techniques. Here in this paper we proposed a combination of PTS and DCT-SLM and an algorithm to cut back the PAPR. This hybrid combined technique reduces PAPR effectively and minimizes the complexity of PTS technique.     

Out-of-Band Power Suppression in OFDM

In this letter we show that judicious modulation of non-data subcarriers renders a transmitted OFDM signal and a few of its higher-order derivatives continuous at the OFDM symbol boundaries. This novel approach results in reduced out-of-band emission: typically, it achieves over 30 dB power suppression at adjacent-channel center-frequencies.     

Subcarrier weighting: a method for sidelobe suppression in OFDM systems

In this letter, a method for sidelobe suppression in OFDM systems is proposed and investigated. The proposed method is based on the multiplication of the used subcarriers with subcarrier weights. The subcarrier weights are determined in such a way that the sidelobes of the transmission signal are minimized according to an optimization algorithm which allows several optimization constraints. As a result, sidelobe suppression by subcarrier weighting reduces OFDM sidelobes by more than 10 dB in the average without requiring the transmission of any side information.     

认知OFDM系统旁瓣抑制新方法

针对认知正交频分复用(OFDM)系统带外辐射(OBR)严重问题,在研究基于功率谱密度的主动干扰消除算法(PSD-AIC)模型的基础上,提出了动态PSD-AIC的方法,通过对每一子载波位置OBR的计算,比较选择出OBR取值最小处,作为对消子载波的最优位置,显著改善了系统对OBR的抑制性能(增大约10 dB).对比分析了算法的计算开销,研究了设计参数对OBR的影响,提出了实际应用时的参数选择基准.仿真结果和理论分析表明,动态PSD-AIC方法可以显著减小带外干扰.与PSD-AIC方法相比,旁瓣抑制深度可增加约10 dB;与传统AIC方法相比,只需相似计算量,干扰抑制性能便可明显增加.     

Non-Symmetric Decompanding for Improved Performance of Companded OFDM Systems

Recent work in literature suggests the use of companding transforms to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, previous performance evaluations assume the availability of infinite bandwidth. In bandlimited conditions, the performance deteriorates as a result of filtering out the out-of-band radiation (OBR). In this letter, we first study the effect of filtering on the performance of various companding techniques. We further propose a simple yet very effective method to overcome this performance degradation. The essential idea is to use companding and decompanding transforms which are not exact inverse of each other. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the previous schemes under more realistic channel conditions.     

Constellation expanded active interference cancellation technique for suppression of out-of-band radiation in OFDM based cognitive radios

Cognitive radio is a novel technology to address the problem of spectrum under-utilization, by allowing the secondary users to dynamically use the spectrum of the primary users. OFDM is a potential candidate for the physical layer of cognitive radio, due to its inherent features of spectrum shaping, spectrum analysis and robustness to multipath. OFDM based cognitive radio, however suffers from out-of-band radiation (OOBR). In cognitive radio, suppression of OOBR is much more important as the interference to the primary users needs to be kept to the minimum possible level. In the literature, time and frequency characteristics of the transmitted signal have been exploited to minimize the OOBR. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of combining merits of the constellation expansion (CE) technique and the active interference cancellation (AIC) technique for suppression of OOBR. We show through simulations that the joint technique based on CE and AIC achieves much better OOBR reduction, with a slight degradation in error performance.     

Matrix analysis of 2-D microresonator lattice optical filters

We present a transfer matrix analysis of a two-dimensional (2-D) filter to study its frequency response functions. The (M/spl times/N) array consists of N independent columns of microring resonators side-coupled to two channel bus waveguides, with equal spacing between columns and each column consisting of M coupled resonators. We show that such a general 2-D lattice network of lossless and symmetric resonators can approximate an ideal bandpass filter characterized by a flat-top box-like amplitude response without out-of-band sidelobes, and a linear phase response. The bandwidth is determined by the coupling factor between resonators. The 2-D periodic structure exhibits nonoverlapping photonic bandgaps arising from the complementary transmission properties of the row and column arrays. The row array behaves as a distributed feedback grating giving rise to narrow bandgaps corresponding to the flat reflection passbands of the filter with out-of-band sidelobes. The column array, on the other hand, acts as a high-order coupled-cavities filter with broad bandgaps that overlap with the sidelobe regions, thereby effectively suppressing the sidelobes. The phase response is linear except near the band edges, where enhanced group delay limits the usable bandwidth of the filter to about 80%. The minimum size of the array required is about 3/spl times/10, but is ultimately limited by waveguide loss.     

Precoding with interference suppression sequence scheme for OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)is considered to be one of the promising schemes for cognitive radios(CR)systems,due to its flexibility in spectrum shaping.However,the traditional way of spectrum-notching failed to suppress out-of-band leakage enough,resulting in interference with licensed users(LUs).A novel spectrum shaping scheme is proposed in this article,where a precoder with interference suppression sequence(ISS)is for the first time introduced for shaping the spectrum of OFDM signals in OFDM-based CR systems.The precoder matrix together with ISS matrix is obtained by minimizing the power of out-of-band interference,which results in the sufficient interference suppression of OFDM signal to LUs.Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly suppress the interference power to LUs at a little cost of precoding efficiency.Meanwhile,the peak-to-average-power-ratio(PAPR)is invariable and the bit-error-rate(BER)performance over Rayleigh fading channel is improved.