大气预锈对混凝土模拟液中低合金钢筋腐蚀行为的影响

通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、背散射电子(BSE)图像与能谱分析(EDS)研究了大气预锈对低合金钢筋和普通低碳钢筋在混凝土模拟液中氯盐腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:大气预锈作用影响2种钢筋钝化膜的生成;氯盐侵蚀后,大气预锈作用降低了低碳钢筋的耐蚀性,但低合金钢筋的耐蚀性不受预锈作用影响,原因是低合金钢筋基体与氧化皮间的缝隙内形成了致密的富Cr锈层,抑制了氯盐对钢筋基体的进一步侵蚀.     

两种表面状态钢筋在氯盐环境下的腐蚀特征

采用电化学测试方法并结合显微观测技术,对混凝土模拟孔隙液中2种表面状态钢筋试件进行阳极极化试验,研究在不同氯离子浓度环境下钢筋锈蚀的变化过程.结果表明:在混凝土模拟孔隙液中无氧化皮裸筋与带氧化皮钢筋均能发生钝化,且钝化膜稳定性随氯离子浓度上升而变差,带氧化皮钢筋较无氧化皮裸筋的钝化膜更易破坏;同等氯离子浓度下,带氧化皮钢筋维钝电流较无氧化皮裸筋约大1个数量级,腐蚀更为严重.     

高强耐蚀钢筋的全寿命周期腐蚀行为特征及寿命预测

文中系统研究了00Cr10MoV新型高强耐蚀钢筋(引入普通碳素钢筋进行对比)全寿命周期内的腐蚀行为特征及耐蚀机理,并预测了其混凝土构件服役寿命。研究结果表明:00Cr10MoV耐蚀钢筋耐蚀性能贯穿钝化、维钝-破钝及腐蚀扩展各阶段,呈现连续耐蚀特征。在钝化阶段,耐蚀钢筋的强钝化性能源自于其Cr氧化物和Fe氧化物构成的双层结构钝化膜;在维钝-破钝阶段,耐蚀钢筋的高抗氯盐侵蚀性得益于其含Cr钝化膜的高稳定性及强修复性;在腐蚀扩展阶段,耐蚀钢筋的低腐蚀速率得益于其Cr元素富集的致密锈层对侵蚀介质渗入的阻滞作用。利用菲克第二定律计算耐蚀钢筋腐蚀诱导期持续时间,氯盐侵蚀下耐蚀钢筋混凝土构件服役寿命可提高约23倍。     

高强耐蚀钢筋的全寿命周期腐蚀行为特征及寿命预测

文中系统研究了00Cr10MoV新型高强耐蚀钢筋(引入普通碳素钢筋进行对比)全寿命周期内的腐蚀行为特征及耐蚀机理,并预测了其混凝土构件服役寿命。研究结果表明:00Cr10MoV耐蚀钢筋耐蚀性能贯穿钝化、维钝-破钝及腐蚀扩展各阶段,呈现连续耐蚀特征。在钝化阶段,耐蚀钢筋的强钝化性能源自于其Cr氧化物和Fe氧化物构成的双层结构钝化膜;在维钝-破钝阶段,耐蚀钢筋的高抗氯盐侵蚀性得益于其含Cr钝化膜的高稳定性及强修复性;在腐蚀扩展阶段,耐蚀钢筋的低腐蚀速率得益于其Cr元素富集的致密锈层对侵蚀介质渗入的阻滞作用。利用菲克第二定律计算耐蚀钢筋腐蚀诱导期持续时间,氯盐侵蚀下耐蚀钢筋混凝土构件服役寿命可提高约23倍。     

高强耐蚀钢筋的全寿命周期腐蚀行为特征及寿命预测

文中系统研究了00Cr10MoV新型高强耐蚀钢筋(引入普通碳素钢筋进行对比)全寿命周期内的腐蚀行为特征及耐蚀机理,并预测了其混凝土构件服役寿命。研究结果表明:00Cr10MoV耐蚀钢筋耐蚀性能贯穿钝化、维钝-破钝及腐蚀扩展各阶段,呈现连续耐蚀特征。在钝化阶段,耐蚀钢筋的强钝化性能源自于其Cr氧化物和Fe氧化物构成的双层结构钝化膜;在维钝-破钝阶段,耐蚀钢筋的高抗氯盐侵蚀性得益于其含Cr钝化膜的高稳定性及强修复性;在腐蚀扩展阶段,耐蚀钢筋的低腐蚀速率得益于其Cr元素富集的致密锈层对侵蚀介质渗入的阻滞作用。利用菲克第二定律计算耐蚀钢筋腐蚀诱导期持续时间,氯盐侵蚀下耐蚀钢筋混凝土构件服役寿命可提高约23倍。     

硫酸盐环境下混凝土抗压强度耐蚀系数研究

基于混凝土腐蚀层厚度及腐蚀区混凝土抗压强度损失率的概念,建立了硫酸盐环境下混凝土试块的蚀强模型.根据该模型推导出混凝土抗压强度耐蚀系数计算公式,同时进行了3组全浸泡混凝土的腐蚀试验,并根据试验结果对混凝土抗压强度耐蚀系数计算公式进行拟合和参数分析.结果表明：根据所建立的模型得到的混凝土抗压强度耐蚀系数计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;硫酸盐环境下混凝土可划分为裂缝发展区、膨胀密实区和未腐蚀区3个区域;综合性的腐蚀系数可以反映混凝土配合比与抗硫酸盐腐蚀性的关系,腐蚀系数越大,抗硫酸盐腐蚀性越差.根据所建立的模型和计算方法能够评估和预测硫酸盐环境下混凝土的抗腐蚀性能.     

温度对钢筋在模拟混凝土孔隙液中点蚀性能的影响

应用动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、Mott-Schottky曲线、恒电位极化和浸泡方法研究了HRB400钢筋在NaCl质量分数为0.1%的饱和Ca(OH)2模拟混凝土孔隙液中的点蚀性能.结果表明:随着模拟液温度的升高,HRB400钢筋的自腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位降低,钝化膜阻抗降低;发生点蚀的孕育期缩短,点蚀敏感性增加;均匀腐蚀速率增大且其表面在较高的温度下出现了明显的点蚀坑;在不同模拟液温度下,HRB400钢筋的半导体类型和性质发生了改变.     

杂散电流与侵蚀介质复合作用下地铁混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀机理

通过加速试验研究了杂散电流与侵蚀介质复合作用下广州地铁用混凝土中钢筋性能的变化,对钢筋的物理性能和电化学性能分析,结果表明：钢筋发生不同程度的点蚀,且随溶液浓度和电流增大钢筋锈蚀加重,阴极部位钢筋比阳极部位钢筋更易锈蚀,单一Cl离子作用比复合（Cl＋SO4 2-）离子作用下腐蚀更为严重。     

扫描微电极法研究钢筋局部腐蚀行为

应用扫描微电极法原位测量了模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋表面微区的电位分布,并结合动电位极化曲线的测量,研究了钢筋的局部腐蚀行为及模拟混凝土孔隙液pH值和Cl-浓度对它的影响.结果表明,在饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中,钢筋处于钝态,其表面微区电位分布为动态平衡;溶液的pH值降低和外加一定浓度的Cl-后,钢筋表面微区电位分布随之变化.当表面微区电位分布出现固定的突出电位峰时,钢筋发生了点腐蚀.在pH=12.00,外加Cl-浓度为0.05 mol/L或pH值降至10.16的Ca(OH)2溶液中,钢筋表面去钝化,发生腐蚀.     

多功能混凝土耐腐蚀剂试验研究

从混凝土腐蚀的卞要诱因出发,研制了一种既能耐硫酸盐腐蚀又能抑制钢筋锈蚀的多功能混凝土耐腐蚀剂.对掺加不同量耐腐蚀剂的混凝土进行抗蚀系数、氯离子扩散系数以及钢筋腐蚀快速试验.结果表明,该耐腐蚀剂的加入,可以使混凝土的抗蚀系数提高25%以上,氯离子扩散系数降低50%以上;干湿循环加速试验后,混凝土中的钢筋表面无锈斑,且随着掺量的增加,其耐腐蚀作用效果越显著.     

锈蚀后钢纤维和钢纤维混凝土的力学性能

通过对剪切型、铣削型、切断型3种钢纤维和钢纤维混凝土的快速锈蚀试验,研究了锈蚀前后钢纤维的外观、弯折性能和抗拉强度的变化,以及钢纤维混凝土经过不同锈蚀时间后的抗压强度和抗拉强度的变化规律.结果表明:随锈蚀时间的增加,钢纤维的锈蚀程度逐渐增大,弯折性能和抗拉强度逐渐降低,钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度和抗拉强度随之减小.但是抗压强度和抗拉强度的变化规律有所不同,当锈蚀时间较短时,抗压强度变化不明显,在锈蚀时间超过60d以后,抗压强度显著降低.而抗拉强度随锈蚀时间的增加逐渐下降.锈蚀时间相同时,抗拉强度的降低幅度比抗压强度的降低幅度小.切断型钢纤维的抗锈蚀能力相对较好,剪切型和铣削型钢纤维的抗锈蚀能力相对较差.     

Influence of corrosion on the friction characteristics of the steel/concrete interface

This paper reports results of an experimental programme to measure changes in friction characteristics of the interface between reinforcement and concrete as a result of the formation of corrosion products on the surface of the steel. The aim of the study was to determine whether a weak corrosion layer contributes to reported reductions in residual bond capacity. Corrosion was carried out under accelerated conditions using three different conditioning regimes. Principal parameters included in the investigation are conditioning regime, the amount of corrosion, and the stiffness of the restraint to expansion of the corrosion products.Experimental results indicate that corrosion products do not impair friction characteristics of a bar/concrete interface when surface crack width does not exceed 1.0 mm.     

混凝土强度对混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的影响

混凝土保护钢筋不被腐蚀.人们普遍认为钢筋混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀随混凝土强度变化.为研究钢筋腐蚀率随混凝土强度的变化规律,通过浇筑20个钢筋混凝土试件,养护至4种不同龄期后将钢筋腐蚀相同的时间.电解液腐蚀方法用于诱导腐蚀以便加快腐蚀速度.钢筋的理论腐蚀量根据法拉第定律计算,实际腐蚀率根据钢筋腐蚀前后的重量损失计算.试验数据显示当混凝土强度为23～35MPa时,钢筋腐蚀率随混凝土强度增大有下降趋势,但混凝土强度为27～30MPa时,钢筋腐蚀率反而随混凝土强度增大而升高.     

Modeling corroded section configuration of steel bar in concrete structure

Predicting concrete cover cracking due to steel bar corrosion in concrete is an important problem for durability of reinforced concrete structures. A basic question in the prediction is distribution of corroded part of steel bar section. The corrosion products have characteristic of volume expansions; that leads to expansive pressure in the concrete. At present, an assumption of uniform corroded pattern along the perimeter of the steel bar has been adopted for analyzing the effect of corrosion products expansion and building the model. In this paper, the steel bars in concrete were corroded under artificial climate environment for accelerated aging. The propagation of the corrosion products layer between steel bar and concrete and its microstructure are discussed; and then, the corrosion products distribution called corrosion products layer on the steel bar in concrete is revealed. The distribution before corrosion cracking; the corrosion products distribute on the half circumference of the steel bar facing the concrete cover only, and the distribution has the shape of a half ellipse. Because of expansive characteristic of corrosion products, the distribution pattern of the corroded part of the steel bar section is proportional to the distribution of the corrosion products layer. Therefore, the configuration model of corroded steel bar section is built.     

A study on improvement of durability of reinforced concrete structures mixed with Natural Inorganic Minerals

As a fundamental study on the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete structures using Natural Inorganic Minerals exposed to carbonation environment. The test specimens were concrete(W/C = 60%) with Natural Inorganic Minerals content of 0% and 10%. Accelerated arbonation and autoclave corrosion accelerated curing were then conducted with them. The corrosion resistance of steel in concrete with Natural Inorganic Minerals content of 0% and 10% was examined by corrosion form, half-cell potential, polarization resistance, corrosion area and weight loss after 24 h of autoclave corrosion accelerated curing.The results of the study showed that as for steel in concrete with Natural Inorganic Minerals content of 10%, the corrosion resistance was more excellent than steel in concrete with Natural Inorganic Minerals content of 0%.     

受硫酸盐腐蚀混凝土与钢筋黏结性能的研究

通过试验室加速腐蚀的试验方法,在对变形钢筋进行的拔出试验的基础上,得到了不同腐蚀程度的混凝土与钢筋的平均黏结强度与相对滑移的曲线,获得了硫酸盐腐蚀后混凝土与钢筋黏结性能随不同混凝土腐蚀程度的变化规律.结果表明:随腐蚀的进行,变形钢筋与腐蚀混凝土之间的极限黏结强度先增加后降低;同时,对受腐蚀混凝土进行了超声检测,得到了不同腐蚀时期混凝土的损伤层厚度,根据试验结果的统计分析,建立了极限黏结强度降低系数与损伤层厚度的数学表达式,给出了混凝土腐蚀后,钢筋与混凝土的黏结强度计算公式.     

Numerical simulation of the probability of corrosion initiation of RC elements made of reinforcing steel with improved corrosion performance

Abstract

Steel reinforcing bars in concrete are protected from corrosion by a thin oxide film that is created on the steel surface in the highly alkaline environment of the concrete. Corrosion process begins once this oxide film is destroyed, for example, by chloride ions penetrating from the element surface into the concrete and to the steel rebar. Critical chloride concentration is highly variable owing to numerous factors such as the type of reinforcing steel used. The TransChlor® software is used to simulate the time history of chloride ion ingress and corrosion initiation into a typical reinforced concrete structural element with four different types of reinforcing steel, namely, carbon steel, ferritic stainless steel (1.4003) with rolling skin, duplex stainless steel (1.4462) and ferritic stainless steel (1.4003) with pickled surface. A climate model is used to simulate two different exposure conditions of the structural element, namely direct and mist exposure, representatives for winter conditions in mountainous and lowland areas. A probabilistic method is applied to consider uncertainty of material properties in the model. The results show that reinforcing steel bars with enhanced corrosion performance significantly improve the durability of reinforced concrete.     

锈蚀工字形型钢与混凝土黏结滑移特性及损伤本构模型研究

由于海底隧道服役环境中氯离子含量高,初期支护中的工字钢将不可避免产生锈蚀,导致工字钢与混凝土黏结性能下降,严重影响海底隧道支护体系的耐久性.该研究主要目的是研究锈蚀对工字钢与混凝土界面间黏结滑移行为的影响.首先对工字形型钢混凝土试件进行加速锈蚀试验和推出试验,得到试件破坏形态及黏结滑移曲线,在此基础上分析试件的黏结滑移...     

Effect of various dual-phase heat treatments on the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel used in the reinforced concrete structures

In this study, corrosion behavior of six different dual-phase (DP) steels with varying morphologies and martensite content has been examined in comparison to ferrite–pearlite steel in concrete. Intercritical annealing and intermediate quenching heat treatments have been applied to the reinforcing steel in order to obtain DP steels with different morphologies and content of martensite. Corrosion experiments were conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the corrosion potential of steels embedded in concrete was measured every day for a period of 30 days in accordance with ASTM C 876 standard. In the second stage, anodic and cathodic polarization values of these steels were obtained and then the corrosion currents were determined with the aid of cathodic polarization curves. It has been observed that both the amount of martensite and the morphology of the phase constituents have definite effect on the corrosion behavior of DP steel embedded in concrete. As a result of this study, it is found that corrosion rate of dual-phase steel has increased with increase amount of martensite.