圆酵母B84512单倍体的制备及其产赤藓糖醇特性分析

圆酵母B84512为工业用赤藓糖醇生产菌株,为获得其遗传育种单倍体亲本,以Mcclary产孢培养基进行该菌株子囊孢子萌发,萌发条件为:30℃,培养7 d,菌株产孢率为45%;以蜗牛酶裂解子囊孢子细胞壁150 min,共筛选出10株单倍体菌株,其中3株在发酵培养基中合成赤藓糖醇的能力相对较高,分别命名为Torula sp.B84512-7,Torula sp.B84512-8及Torula sp.B84512-9。经PCR验证,前两者为α型,后者为a型。将3株单倍体两两杂合,发现杂合子Torula sp.B84512-79的发酵性能最佳,赤藓糖醇产量高达97 g/L,约为出发菌株的56%。赤藓糖醇产量较高的单倍体亲本Torula sp.B84512-7及Torula sp.B84512-9可用于基因工程育种。     

高产赤藓糖醇解脂亚罗酵母变异株的代谢酶和线粒体DNA变化

解脂亚罗酵母E4-2是赤藓糖醇发酵原始菌株Y-22的高产突变株,可以在350 m~3发酵罐上以96 h的发酵周期产生19.3 g/100mL的赤藓糖醇,对葡萄糖的转化率达到56%,比原始菌株提高约20%。对6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PDH)酶及赤藓糖还原酶(ER)酶活力的测定未表现出明显的变化。对线粒体DNA的RAPD的比较分析结果表明,其线粒体DNA的结构发生了显著的变化,故推测此变化是其发酵性状改变的主要原因。     

无机盐渗透压对假丝酵母SK25.001发酵生产赤藓糖醇的影响

以假丝酵母SK25.001为生产菌,通过研究其发酵产赤藓糖醇的碳源、氮源、碳氮比以及NaCl、KCl对其发酵产赤藓糖醇的影响,来探索无机盐(NaCl,KCl)渗透压对赤藓糖醇发酵的影响。结果发现,葡萄糖、酵母粉分别是其最佳碳源和氮源,最佳碳氮比为20∶1,转化率达到了14.2%;向发酵培养基中添加不同浓度的KCl或NaCl后发现,菌体生长速度随着KCl或NaCl浓度增大而降低,在KCl浓度为0.4 mol/L或NaCl浓度为0.3 mol/L时赤藓糖醇产量达到最大,达到了18.4 g/L和17.4 g/L;将NaCl和KCl的浓度用渗透压表示发现赤藓糖醇的转化率随着渗透压的增大而升高,高渗透压抑制菌体的生长。     

产赤藓糖醇菌株的筛选与鉴定

利用含有300g/L 葡萄糖的高渗培养基从蜂蜜、花粉、土壤等样品中筛选耐高渗酵母菌,经薄层层析和高效液相色谱分析得到两株产赤藓糖醇且不产甘油的酵母菌,通过高碘酸氧化法筛选出其中赤藓糖醇产量较高的一株菌株E54。菌株E54 在含葡萄糖200g/L、酵母膏5g/L 的发酵培养基中发酵90h,赤藓糖醇产量为41.1g/L,转化率为22.8%。通过形态观察、生理生化实验、5.8S rDNA 序列分析并构建系统进化树,初步鉴定E54 为Moniliellaacetoabutans(丛梗孢酵母)。     

解脂亚罗酵母赤藓糖醇发酵过程的研究

从自然界分离得到1株可发酵葡萄糖为赤藓糖醇的酵母菌Y-22。经鉴定,属于解脂亚罗酵母。该酵母菌在高糖条件下转化赤藓糖醇的能力比众多从国内保藏机构获得和自然界分离得到的同种、异种酵母及未鉴定耐渗酵母高很多。在5 m3和50 m3容量的发酵罐上进行发酵试验,对葡萄糖的转化率可以达到47%,赤藓糖醇在96 h内可达150 g/L以上。文中还对赤藓糖醇的分批发酵和流加发酵过程进行了讨论。     

耐高渗酵母B845产赤藓糖醇的研究

以自然界中筛选分离到的耐高渗酵母B8为出发菌株,经过紫外诱变,得到了赤藓糖醇产量较高的突变株B845。对B845进了一系列的发酵工艺条件试验。经初步研究,B845在葡萄糖20%,酵母膏0.5%,脲0.1%、pH6.0的发酵液中经35℃摇瓶5天,可产赤藓糖醇75mg/ml,对糖转化率41.2%。     

丛梗孢酵母发酵产赤藓糖醇条件的优化

丛梗孢酵母BH010是从蜂蜜样品中分离得到的产赤藓糖醇菌株。该实验研究了发酵培养基及发酵条件对丛梗孢酵母赤藓糖醇产量的影响。单因素实验及正交实验的结果表明,最佳发酵培养基及发酵条件为:葡萄糖含量(质量浓度)35%、酵母膏含量(质量浓度)1%、CaCl2.2H2O(质量浓度)0.2%,初始pH6.0,接种量1%,30℃摇瓶培养9d。最终赤藓糖醇产量为110.61g/L发酵液,比普通发酵条件下提高85.56%。     

优化简并引物PCR克隆Candida glycerinogenes 3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因片段

为了从工业生产菌株耐高渗产甘油假丝酵母(Candida glycerinogenes)克隆甘油合成的限速酶编码基因胞浆NAD -3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因(ctGPD),对不同酵母和其他真核生物的NAD -3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶进行比对,分析氨基酸和核苷酸的保守序列,设计了4对简并引物用于扩增C.glycerinogenes的NAD -3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GPD)基因片段,经过优化PCR反应条件,利用其中一对中等简并度的引物扩增出CgGPI)基因中约600 bp的保守核心片段.DNA序列及推绎的氨基酸序列进行比对分析表明,该基因片段与其他酵母的胞浆NAD -3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因的对应区域具有典型的保守区域,并且与安格斯毕赤酵母的GPI)基因相似性较高.     

高产赤藓糖醇菌株RH-UV-L4-F9发酵条件的优化

以高产赤藓糖醇菌株RH-UV-L4-F9为研究对象,采用生物统计方法分别对该菌株的发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化。发酵培养基最佳配比为葡萄糖30%,酵母膏0.5%,脲1%,MgSO_4 0.05%;最适发酵条件为34℃,初始pH值6.0.摇床转数180r/min。最适条件下赤藓糖醇产量为157.4mg/mL。     

耐高渗酵母产赤藓糖醇的影响因素

球拟酵母OS-194是一株单产赤藓糖醇的耐高渗酵母,该菌株高产赤藓糖醇的最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖10g/dL,酵母膏0.5g/dL,尿素0.1g/dL.最适培养条件是在摇瓶转速150r/min的条件下于35℃培养4d.在上述培养条件下,该菌株赤藓糖醇的耗糖转化率高达29.6%.磷是限制OS-194菌株高产赤藓糖醇的主要因素,当培养液中的磷质量浓度低于31.5mg/L时,赤藓糖醇的产量最高;随着磷质量浓度的升高,该菌株赤藓糖醇的产量降低,而酒精的产量和生物量却有明显升高.同时,OS-194菌株还能利用果糖、蔗糖和D-甘露糖产赤藓糖醇.     

Torulopsis sp.ERY237产赤藓糖醇工艺条件的研究

以Torulopsis sp.ERY237作为出发菌株,考察了不同碳源、氮源、无机盐类以及温度等因素对菌种产赤藓糖醇的影响,建立和优化了赤藓糖醇摇瓶发酵培养基配方、发酵工艺条件,同时研究了发酵过程中菌体生物量、pH值、产物浓度的动态变化。结果表明,菌株的最适培养基配方为(g/L):葡萄糖300,玉米浆3.5,C_([Cu~(2+)])1.5,C_([Mn~(2+)])10;适宜的培养条件为初始pH值自然,温度30℃,装液量50 mL/500 mL,转速200 r/min,在此条件下培养132 h赤藓糖醇产量达87.8 g/L,是优化前产量的1.9倍,发酵时间缩短了12 h。     

High-level production of erythritol by strain 618A-01 isolated from pollen

We have isolated a microorganism (strain 618A-01) from pollen which has the ability to produce erythritol when grown in the presence of glucose as the carbon source. When cultivated in a medium consisting of 20% glucose and 1% dried bouillon in a shake flask, 75 g/l erythritol was produced after 950 h, corresponding to a 37.5% yield against glucose consumption. No other polyols, including glycerol, were detected in the medium. Positive-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H- and 13C-NMR analyses confirmed that the fermentation product was erythritol. Scanning electron microscopic analysis clearly demonstrated that the cells grown on YPD medium at 30 degrees C showed yeast-like morphology, while they appeared like hyphae at 37 degrees C. The complete 18S rRNA sequence of the isolate was determined, which showed high identity (99.5%) with the genus Ustilago of the phylum Basidiomycota. The data strongly suggest that strain 618A-01 belongs to the class Ustilaginomycetes. The culture conditions for the production of erythritol by the isolate were examined. The use of medium containing 1% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5% NaCl yielded the highest cell growth and erythritol productivity among the media tested. Continuous glucose feeding at 6-7% to the fermentor further increased the production of erythritol, and we obtained a maximal 100 g/l erythritol after 530 h, with a 39.3% yield.     

响应面法优化根霉菌产麦角固醇的液体发酵工艺

以米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae ZW017)发酵产麦角固醇的产量为响应值,对其液体发酵工艺进行优化。采用HPLC法检测菌株产麦角固醇含量,在单因素筛选试验基础上,以PDB液体发酵培养为基础条件,应用响应面分析法(RSM)对碳源、氮源及发酵时间进行优化。结果表明:以葡萄糖、酵母膏分别为最佳碳、氮源;最佳工艺条件为:PDB基础培养基中添加葡萄糖3g/L、酵母膏5g/L、发酵培养9.64d,麦角固醇平均产量达5761.83μg/100mL,较优化前提高了247.86%,与构建模型理论预测值(5818.39μg/100mL)相吻合,且100mL液体培养基中麦角固醇产量占菌体细胞干质量(0.36g)的1.60%。     

两阶段调控葡萄糖质量浓度强化赤藓糖醇发酵的研究

该研究在5 L发酵罐水平上研究了不同初始葡萄糖质量浓度对解脂耶氏酵母（Yarrowia lipolytica）JZ-204生长和发酵产赤藓糖醇的影响。结果表明,100 g/L初始葡萄糖质量浓度有利于菌体生长,高初始葡萄糖质量浓度（300 g/L和400 g/L）有利于赤藓糖醇合成。基于此,提出两阶段葡萄糖质量浓度调控策略,即0 h时以初始葡萄糖质量浓度为100 g/L,22 h后通过补加葡萄糖使总糖量达300 g/L进行发酵。结果表明,与分批发酵相比（100 g/L、200 g/L、300 g/L、400 g/L）,采用该调控策略,赤藓糖醇产量达到最高水平92.66 g/L,分别比分批发酵提高了1 347.81%、84.54%、14.66%、7.57%;生产强度达到最高的0.48 g/（L·h）,分别比分批发酵提高了300%、37.14%、29.73%、20.00%。该调控策略为赤藓糖醇的高效发酵合成提供参考。     

Key role for transketolase activity in erythritol production by Trichosporonoides megachiliensis SN-G42

Erythritol is an important sugar alcohol industrially produced only by fermentation. The highly osmophilic yeast-like fungi, Trichosporonoides megachiliensis SN-G42, enables commercial production of erythritol with a high conversion from glucose to erythritol of more than 47%. However, the microbial production pathway of erythritol remains unclear. In the present study, the activities of enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway of Trichosporonoides megachiliensis SN-G42 used for industrial erythritol production were measured under various culture conditions to examine the production mechanism and the key-enzymes.As a result, the various enzyme activities of this organism are revealed in the pentose phosphate pathway, i.e., those of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, gluconate dehydrogenase, transketolase, transaldolase, and erythrose reductase. In the cultures in which erythritol was produced after completion of cell growth, the enzyme activities of the pentose phosphate pathway were higher than those of the TCA cycle. In particular, transketolase activity was correlated with erythritol productivity under various production cultures with different agitation speeds and thiamine concentrations.These results suggest that erythritol may be produced mainly through the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, the high activity of transketolase is required to produce abundant intermediates, which results in high erythritol productivity. As such, transketolase appears to be a key-enzyme for erythritol production in the organism studied.     

Modulation of Glycerol and Ethanol Yields During Alcoholic Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Overexpressed or Disrupted for GPD1 Encoding Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The possibility of the diversion of carbon flux from ethanol towards glycerol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation was investigated. Variations in the glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) level and similar trends for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), pyruvate decarboxylase and glycerol-3-phosphatase were found when low and high glycerol-forming wine yeast strains were compared. GPDH is thus a limiting enzyme for glycerol production. Wine yeast strains with modulated GPD1 (encoding one of the two GPDH isoenzymes) expression were constructed and characterized during fermentation on glucose-rich medium. Engineered strains fermented glucose with a strongly modified [glycerol] : [ethanol] ratio. gpd1Δ mutants exhibited a 50% decrease in glycerol production and increased ethanol yield. Overexpression of GPD1 on synthetic must (200 g/l glucose) resulted in a substantial increase in glycerol production (×4) at the expense of ethanol. Acetaldehyde accumulated through the competitive regeneration of NADH via GPDH. Accumulation of by-products such as pyruvate, acetate, acetoin, 2,3 butane-diol and succinate was observed, with a marked increase in acetoin production. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用廉价原料生产聚谷氨酸的研究

目的 降低聚谷氨酸的生产成本.方法 从聚谷氨酸发酵所需的氮源和碳源出发,分别研究了小麦水解蛋白、豆饼粉、豆粕粉、玉米蛋白、玉米浆等有机氮源和甘蔗糖蜜、甜菜糖蜜、葡萄糖蜜、玉米糖蜜等碳源对聚谷氨酸发酵产量的影响,在此基础上通过单因素实验优化了玉米浆、硫酸铵、甜菜蜜、谷氨酸钠的添加量,最后通过发酵罐发酵比较了优化后的工艺与...     

振荡和静态组合式培养改善伊枯草菌素A 表达水平

目的以廉价菜粕作为氮源,对其直接生物利用过程中的碳源种类和培养模式进行优化和改进。方法研究液态静置培养模式下细胞生长和伊枯草菌素生产变化特性,在此基础上提出一种两阶段(振荡+静态)组合式培养模式。结果麸皮作为碳源最有利于伊枯草菌素表达,最高浓度是葡萄糖作为碳源时最高产量的1.6倍;液态静置培养基表面能够形成厚而稳定的生物膜,发酵中后期具有比振荡培养更高的伊枯草菌素生产强度;采用液态振荡和静置组合培养方式伊枯草菌素最高浓度可达1.10 g/L,接近完全振荡培养时的最高水平(1.16g/L)。结论相对于传统的全程式振荡培养而言,这种新的组合培养方式不仅有利于伊枯草菌素高产期(发酵中后期)的过程控制,还能降低整个发酵过程的动力成本。