抗菌肽zp37抑制果汁中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的活性及其作用机制

单核细胞增生李斯特菌（简称单增李斯特菌）作为一种常见的食源性致病菌,是影响果汁食用安全性的主要威胁因子。本实验设计并获得一种抗菌肽zp37,通过测定抗菌肽zp37最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）,分析抗菌肽zp37处理后单增李斯特菌的生长曲线、膜电位、膜完整性、细胞微观结构、细胞聚集率、DNA结合情况以及胞内活性氧等,研究抗菌肽zp37抑制果汁中单增李斯特菌的活性及其作用机制。结果表明,抗菌肽zp37对单增李斯特菌的MIC为16μg/mL,当其质量浓度大于4MIC时,单增李斯特菌生长受到明显抑制。同时,8MIC的抗菌肽zp37处理1h能杀死绝大部分的单增李斯特菌,且在7 d贮藏期内,2MIC的抗菌肽zp37能将草莓汁、猕猴桃汁和苹果汁中的单增李斯特菌控制到检测限以下。抗菌肽zp37处理后,单增李斯特菌细胞膜离子通透性增加、膜电位消失,细胞膜完整性被破坏,细胞出现明显的凹陷变形,细胞间发生聚集。荧光标记示踪法结果显示,抗菌肽zp37同时作用于单增李斯特菌的细胞膜和细胞质。在细胞质中,当抗菌肽zp37质量浓度大于DNA质量浓度的1/4...     

溴化呋喃酮对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成及黏附作用的影响

目的:为了预防控制单增李斯特菌的污染,研究群体感应抑制剂3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮在亚抑菌浓度下对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的调控及黏附作用。方法:采用倍比稀释法确定抑制剂的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低致死剂量(MBC),研究在亚抑菌浓度MIC,5MIC,10MIC时,单增李斯特菌生长曲线、细菌总蛋白含量、胞外多糖含量变化规律。通过结晶紫染色法观察生物膜形成情况,计算抑制率;通过细胞黏附试验测定对黏附率的影响。结果:3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮对单增李斯特菌的MIC为25μg/mL,MBC为400μg/mL;在工作质量浓度分别为25,125,250μg/mL时,对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的抑制率分别为18.83%,39.98%和83.27%,细菌总蛋白和胞外多糖明显减少;对单增李斯特菌侵染Caco-2细胞黏附率抑制率分别为44.41%,67.68%和85.28%。结论:3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮在亚抑菌浓度下,对单增李斯特菌生物膜的形成以及黏附细胞均存在一定的调控作用,且随着抑制剂浓度的增加抑制效果更明显。     

融合魏斯氏菌对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响

从东北传统酸菜的12株乳酸菌中筛选对单增李斯特菌有较强拮抗作用的低温生长菌株,并分析其对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响。首先测定乳酸菌菌株的低温生长特征和抑菌活性;然后采用定性法和定量法分析乳酸菌菌株对单核细胞增生李斯特菌生物膜形成和形态结构的影响;最终通过生理生化和16S rDNA测序对乳酸菌菌株进行鉴定。结果表明：菌株Z01在10℃低温下生长,培养72 h后OD595nm值增加0.23,且具有抗单增李斯特菌活性,抑菌圈直径达19.79 mm。菌株Z01粗提物的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）为16.0 mg/mL,当粗提物浓度为0.5 MIC和1.0 MIC时,对生物膜形成抑制率分别为59.33%和77.77%,对生物膜黏附细菌的抑制率分别为14.49%和26.44%。该菌株被鉴定为融合魏斯氏菌（Weissella confusa）,为研发在低温条件控制单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生物制剂奠定基础。     

两种天然防腐剂对单增李斯特氏菌抑菌机制的研究

通过测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、核酸蛋白泄露情况、扫描电镜实验(SEM),研究了两种天然抗菌剂大豆球蛋白碱性抗菌肽和乳酸链球菌素对单增李斯特氏菌的抑菌活力和抑制机制。结果表明,两种天然抗菌剂均对单增李斯特氏菌表现出良好的抑制作用,大豆球蛋白碱性抗菌肽的最小抑菌浓度更低,乳酸链球菌素对胞膜的破坏更强,乳酸链球菌素可能主要通过诱导膜损伤来抑制单增李斯特氏菌,而大豆球蛋白碱性抗菌肽可能还存在其他的抑制方式,两种防腐剂具有潜在的复配使用可能。     

不同增菌液对单增李斯特菌的增菌效果比较

目的比较不同选择性增菌液对单增李斯特菌增菌效果及对干扰菌的抗干扰性。方法参考国标GB/T 4789.30-2016和国际ISO 11290-1-2017,将2种来源的单增李斯特菌(标准菌株、分离菌株)和2种干扰菌(大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)分别接种到4种不同增菌液中,观察增菌后菌液的生长情况。结果研究发现低浓度菌液(102数量级), Fraser肉汤对单增李斯特菌的增菌效果及抗干扰性优于LB肉汤。选择性添加剂浓度过高会抑制李斯特菌的生长,通过选择合适的选择性添加剂及改变添加剂的浓度可以提高检出率。结论在实验室日常检验过程中,需考虑样品类别,选择合适的培养基。提高检测的准确率。     

温度及气调包装对冷却猪肉中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌生长的影响

研究单增李斯特菌的生长情况以及低温和气调包装气体对单增李斯特菌的抑菌作用,结果发现低温贮存猪肉和适当的气调包装对单增李斯特菌产生了一定的抑制效果,而结合了气调包装后的抑制效果好于仅采用低温保存.结果表明,冷却肉应尽量储存于低温(0～4 ℃)环境下,最好采用高Co2浓度的气调包装等,这些均有利于控制单增李斯特菌在冷却肉上的增殖.     

Mini-VIDAS法和国标法检测单增李斯特菌的效果比较

目的比较两类方法检测单增李斯特菌的特异性、灵敏度和抗干扰性,并研究添加成分和样品基质对检测效果的影响。方法选取单增李斯特菌(CICC 21633/ATCC 19111)、斯氏李斯特菌(CICC 21671)、伊氏李斯特菌(CICC 21663/ATCC19119)和英诺克李斯特菌(CICC 10417/ATCC 33090)为试验对象,采用国标法和mini-VIDAS法为试验方法。结果两种检测方法的特异性较好,均能区分李斯特菌属和非李斯特菌属。国标法和mini-VIDAS法的灵敏度分别为104~105 cfu/m L和105 cfu/m L;同时,国标法的抗干扰性稍强,1/104混合干扰菌液可检出目标菌。添加次氯酸钠后两种方法对目标菌的检出都受到影响。添加成分对单增李斯特菌生长的抑制作用符合乙醇苯甲酸钠十三香料凉拌菜料次氯酸钠。当基质中单增李斯特菌污染水平较低并且背景微生物数量高时,目标菌的检测结果受基质严重干扰。不同增菌液对单增李斯特菌的增菌效果为Fraser肉汤LB2FB2。结论 mini-VIDAS法和国标法对单增李斯特菌的检测性能基本相当。采用国标法时需考虑微生物污染背景、添加成分等样品基质特性,以提高目标菌的检出率。mini-VIDAS法可作为初筛的良好工具。     

韭花精油主成分对单增李斯特氏菌的抑菌活性和抑菌机理

以韭花精油两种主成分(烯丙基甲基二硫醚和二甲基三硫醚)为研究对象,通过最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)、细菌细胞形态等研究其对单增李斯特氏菌的抑菌活性和抑菌机理。结果表明：两种主成分的MIC均为1.0 mg/mL,MBC均为2.0 mg/mL,且当其质量浓度为2.0 mg/mL时均会严重损坏单增李斯特氏菌的细胞形态和细胞膜结构;用质量浓度为4.0 mg/mL的烯丙基甲基二硫醚和二甲基三硫醚分别处理单增李斯特氏菌细胞,其β-半乳糖苷酶和蛋白质泄露量均显著上升,ATP酶活性(0.52 U/mg prot和0.55 U/mg prot)均明显低于对照组(3.05 U/mg prot,P<0.05);经两种主成分处理后,单增李斯特氏菌的DNA质量浓度均明显下降。由此可知,两种主成分主要通过破坏细胞膜结构、抑制ATP酶活性、降低DNA质量浓度等实现对单增李斯特氏菌活性的抑制。     

丁香精油对单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的抗菌性能及杀菌机制研究

近年来,食品安全问题已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题,食源性致病菌是引起食源性疾病的首要原因。单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(单增李斯特菌)因其高致病率的特点在食品等诸多领域给人类社会带来了严重的危害。本文着重研究了丁香精油对单增李斯特菌的抗菌效果及其抗菌机制。经试验测得,丁香精油对单增李斯特菌的最小抑菌浓度是0.05%,最小杀菌浓度是0.1%。0.05%的丁香精油能在8小时内清除99.996%的单增李斯特菌。实验结果表明,丁香精油对单增李斯特菌显示了较好的杀菌效果。丁香精油抗菌机制实验结果表明,丁香精油能破坏单增李斯特菌细胞的细胞膜,并且能抑制93.75%的ATP的合成。另外,丁香精油能有效抑制细菌核酸的合成,使细菌的生长繁殖受到影响,最终导致细菌死亡。     

胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌抑菌机理及在冷鲜肉中的应用

将不同浓度的萜类化合物添加至单增李斯特菌培养基中,对照组中不添加萜类化合物,通过对单增李斯特菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、菌落数、形态和电导率等指标的测定和分析,探究胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌的抑菌机理。结果表明,胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌的MIC为0.05%。添加0.1%萜类化合物可显著抑制单增李斯特菌的生长(P<0.05),使单增李斯特菌细胞膜通透性发生变化,细菌内容物大量流失,菌体相互黏连、衰亡。胡椒油中萜类化合物应用于冷鲜肉保鲜可有效减缓菌落总数的增长,相较于对照组在冷藏后12 h时菌落数已超出国家标准(6.0 lg CFU/g),加入0.1%萜类化合物能够使冷鲜肉菌落数在24 h时仍然处于较低水平。本研究探讨了胡椒油中萜类化合物对单增李斯特菌的抑菌机理并将其用于冷鲜肉的保鲜,这有利于对胡椒油的开发利用,也为日后将其应用于肉制品保鲜领域提供理论基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press