富硒荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中蛋白质提取工艺优化及氨基酸组成分析

以20 L生物发酵罐培养的富硒荷叶离褶伞菌丝体为原料,对菌丝体中蛋白提取工艺进行优化,并分析硒的富集对荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中氨基酸种类和含量的影响。利用单因素实验和Box-Benhnken中心组合响应面试验法,优化了荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中硒蛋白提取工艺,采用3,3’-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法测定蛋白质中硒的含量,并通过氨基酸测定仪分析测定富硒前后的菌丝体蛋白中氨基酸量的变化。结果表明,荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中硒蛋白的最适提取条件为：提取温度64℃、提取时间60 min、液料比200:1 mL/g、提取次数2次,经过验证性试验,测得蛋白提取率为75.13%,菌丝体中富硒量达到63.87μg/g。采用氨基酸测定仪分析氨基酸的组成,并通过氨基酸评分（AAS）、化学评分（CS）指标对富硒荷叶离褶伞菌丝体蛋白质进行初步营养价值评价。富硒荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全,人体必需氨基酸含量为17.20 g/100 g,较未富硒的高出19.75%,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸（EAA/NEAA）为0.51,接近WHO提出的推荐值,AAS和CS的值接近于模式蛋白。说明经过工艺优化可以提高蛋白质提取率,在富硒菌丝体...     

硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体的鉴定及生物活性

对荷叶离褶伞菌丝体硒化后的产物进行研究分析及抗氧化活性测定,旨在寻找新型富硒抗氧化新材料,并为其工业化生产提供参考资料。研究结果表明,硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体是一种平均分子量为9.43 kDa的高分子多糖,是一种活性物质,其中组成物质主要有蔗糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和木糖,摩尔比为5.30︰1.55︰2.14︰0.29︰0.63,硒含量为3.21 pg/g。硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体具有明显的抗氧化活性,对癌细胞有很强的抑制作用。研究显示,双氧水阴离子自由基、羟自由基、ABTS和DPPH自由基随浓度的增加而增加,当浓度达到6 mg/mL时,硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体的清除活性接近VC。凋亡减少较少的亚G1峰含量表明硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体具有减轻双氧水对PC-12细胞氧化损伤的作用。这些结果表明硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体具有很强的抗氧化能力。硒化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体可以预防氧化损伤,可作为有机硒膳食补充功能食品。     

荷叶离褶伞中试发酵条件与培养基优化研究

在荷叶离褶伞菌丝体摇瓶发酵条件研究结果的基础上,采用均匀设计,在200L发酵罐中,对荷叶离褶伞中试发酵条件与培养基配方进行了优化研究,结果表明荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中试发酵的最佳条件为搅拌转速160r/min、罐压0.2MPa、通气量80L/h、pH值为6.5、温度20℃、接种量10%;最佳培养基配方为玉米面5%、大豆0.5%、ZnSO4 0.025%、MgSO4 0.05%、KH2PO4 0.05%。发酵至第8d菌丝体生物量达到最大(10.578g/L),第9d胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)产量最大(1.212g/L)。     

富硒荷叶离褶伞菌丝体中硒多糖提取工艺的优化及红外光谱分析

以20 L生物罐发酵培养的富硒荷叶离褶伞菌丝体为原料,优化菌丝体中硒多糖的提取工艺并通过红外光谱对水溶性硒多糖的结构进行分析。通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken试验设计方法得到硒多糖的最佳提取工艺条件:提取时间为50 min、提取温度83℃、料液比1∶130(g∶m L)、提取次数2次。测得多糖提取率为44.62%,较预测值增加0.02%,此时多糖中硒含量达到31.9μg/g。将纯化后的硒多糖进行红外光谱分析,富硒未改变水溶性硒多糖的主体结构,但吡喃环的吸收峰发生了改变,说明在荷叶离褶伞菌丝体富硒培养过程中,硒参与了硒多糖的合成。     

荷叶离褶伞菌丝体深层发酵及胞内外多糖含量的变化

研究了发酵时间对荷叶离褶伞菌丝体深层发酵及胞内外多糖含量的动态变化.结果表明,在25℃恒温、连续发酵13d期间,荷叶离褶伞菌丝生物量和胞内多糖含量在前11d内均与发酵时间呈极显著(p＜0.01)的正相关,并在第11d时分别达到最大值11.96mg/mL和1.58mg/mL,分别是发酵前的约7倍和12倍;胞外多糖和还原糖含量分别在前3d和12d内与培养时间呈极显著(p＜0.01)的负相关,且分别在第3d和12d时下降到最低值0.046mg/mL和0.132mg/mL,分别是发酵前的约4%和16%.这些结果说明,11d的发酵时间对荷叶离褶伞菌丝体生长及胞内多糖积累最为合适.     

黑皮鸡枞菌菌丝体发酵富硒条件优化及菌丝体多糖抗氧化活性研究

目的 优化黑皮鸡枞菌(Oudemansiellaraphanipes,O.raphanipes)菌丝体发酵条件,考查其富硒规律及菌丝体多糖的体外抗氧化活性。方法 以菌丝体干重、菌丝体多糖含量和硒利用率为主要考察指标,分别考察外源硒浓度和发酵条件对黑皮鸡枞菌菌丝体发酵富硒的影响。以3种自由基清除率为指标,考察菌丝体多糖及富硒菌丝体多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果 黑皮鸡枞菌菌丝体富硒的最佳条件为:硒元素添加量5 mg/L、发酵温度25℃、装液量250 mL (500 mL三角瓶)、发酵起始pH 7.0。在该条件下,黑皮鸡枞菌的生物量、菌丝体多糖含量、硒利用率分别为(7.68±0.48) g/L、(3.82±0.24)%和(9.28±2.11)%。当富硒菌丝体多糖质量浓度为0.7mg/L时,其对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基的清除率分别为(49.05±1.94)%、(52.43±3.05)%和(63.87±2.95)%,分别比对照组(不添加硒)高80.84%、7.75%和34.01%。结论...     

富硒香菇多糖发酵工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性

本试验利用香菇作为载体,Na₂SeO₃为添加的硒源,优化富硒香菇多糖的发酵条件并研究其抗氧化活性。采用单因素试验考察了培养基pH、硒灭菌方式、硒添加时间、硒添加量和发酵时间对富硒香菇多糖的影响,并通过 Box-Benhnken实验设计和响应面分析法确定最优发酵条件。在优化条件下得到富硒香菇多糖,并利用DPPH自由基清除能力研究其抗氧活性。结果表明:当培养基pH调至4.16,发酵至第162 h时,向发酵液中添加7.97 mg/L过滤除菌的Na₂SeO₃溶液,发酵11 d,富硒香菇胞内多糖提取量可达到71.54 mg/100 mL;当培养基pH调至4.01,发酵至第191.5 h时,向培养基中添加6.68 mg/L过滤除菌的Na₂SeO₃溶液,发酵11 d,富硒香菇胞外多糖提取量可达到853.96 mg/100 mL。DPPH自由基清除实验结果表明,抗氧化活性大小依次为富硒香菇胞内多糖 > 香菇胞内多糖 > 富硒香菇胞外多糖 > 香菇胞外多糖。硒的添加不仅促进香菇菌丝的生长及多糖的累积,同时也提高了其抗氧化活性,对DPPH有较好的清除作用。     

荷叶离褶伞多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本研究以荷叶离褶伞多糖为对象,采用单因素与响应面法对多糖提取温度、提取时间、液料比、次数进行优化,进一步研究了荷叶离褶伞多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明:在提取温度为89 ℃,时间为3 h,液料比为30:1 (mL/g),提取2次时,荷叶离褶伞多糖得率为5.35%±0.12%,与预测值相近。荷叶离褶伞多糖的抗氧化活性与多糖浓度在0~1.0 mg/mL范围内呈现剂量依赖关系,多糖浓度在1.0 mg/mL时,DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率分别达到45.87%±2.12%和76.49%±1.56%。荷叶离褶伞多糖对DPPH和ABTS自由基半抑制浓度IC₅₀分别为1.40、0.44 mg/mL,说明荷叶离褶伞多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

富硒冬虫夏草发酵工艺优化

采用冬虫夏草作为富硒的载体,啤酒糟为基质,进行富硒冬虫夏草液态深层发酵试验,研究冬虫夏草对无机硒的生物转化能力.利用正交试验设计,对富硒冬虫夏草液态深层发酵条件如摇床转速、接种量、pH等进行了优化.结果表明,冬虫夏草能在含有低质量浓度亚硒酸钠（10～25mg/L）的培养基中生长,并在菌丝体内富集硒,最佳发酵工艺为摇床频率180r/min、培养10d的条件下,装液量50mL/250mL,pH值为7.0,接种量15％,温度20℃,亚硒酸钠质量浓度25 mg/L,啤酒糟质量浓度20 mg/L.在此优化的发酵条件下,富硒冬虫夏草菌丝体总富硒量为5808.20 μg/L.     

灵芝液体发酵富集硒元素研究

研究了灵芝在亚硒酸钠水平分别为50μg/mL、100μg/mL、150μg/mL、200μg/mL、250μg/mL、300μg/mL、350μg/mL、400μg/mL的固体PDA培养基上的生长情况,30℃恒温培养6d,观察并测定菌落直径;在不同亚硒酸钠浓度条件下进行液体发酵,180r/min转速下30℃摇床培养5d,检测发酵液生物量、富硒率,同时检测富硒后菌丝体部分金属元素的含量变化。结果表明:150μg/mL~250μg/mL的含硒固体PDA培养基上菌丝体生长好,在含硒250μg/mL液体发酵培养基上菌丝体生物量最高为0.86g,300μg/mL发酵液中富硒率最高为47.71%,而且富硒后的菌丝体其他金属元素含量变化不明显。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press