适合乳果糖生产的菌株K.lactisK1-16-7产β-半乳糖苷酶发酵条件的优化

在摇瓶发酵条件下,采用Plackett-Buman设计法和响应面分析法对K.lactisKl-16-7菌株的培养基配方进行优化,确定了影响K1-16-7菌株产酶的5个重要因子依次为酵母膏、蛋白胨F403、乳糖、MgSO4和KH2PO4,对这5个因子进行最陡爬坡试验,通过响应面分析法确定了主要影响因子的最佳条件.优化后的培养基配方为酵母膏10.7 g/L、蛋白胨F403 9.4 g/L、乳糖12.1 g/L、MgSO4 5.6 g/L、KH2PO4 4.7 g/L,优化后β-半乳糖苷酶的产量达147.6 U/g,比优化前提高了88.7%.     

响应面法优化木聚糖酶发酵培养基的研究

采用响应面法对毕赤酵母发酵产木聚糖酶的培养基进行了优化。首先利用Plackett Burman试验设计筛选出影响产酶的3个主要因素,即麸皮水解液浓度、酵母水解液浓度和甲醇添加量。在此基础上用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法确定最佳条件。结果表明,麸皮水解液402.5g/L、酵母水解液49.9 g/L和甲醇添加量为28.1mL/L时,木聚糖酶最大理论酶活为6566.79U/mL。经3次试验验证,实际平均酶活与预测酶活相近,比优化前木聚糖酶酶活提高了23.7%。     

响应面分析法优化乳糖酶发酵培养基

采用Plackett-Burman设计分析液体发酵过程中影响乳糖酶活力的主要因素,利用最陡爬坡实验逼近响应区域,应用Boxbehnken设计和响应面分析法优化发酵培养基。结果表明,葡萄糖、乳糖和玉米浆的质量浓度是影响乳糖酶酶活的主要因素;优化后的培养基为:葡萄糖36.2 g/L,乳糖6.7 g/L,蛋白胨6 g/L,玉米浆4.4 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.3 g/L,K2HPO4·3H2O 0.5 g/L,KH2PO40.5 g/L,Tween-80 1.5 mL/L,乳糖酶的活力比优化前提高了32.3%。     

Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面分析优化锰过氧化物酶培养基条件

以白腐真菌为出发菌株,利用Design-Expert 8.05软件设计,采用三水平部分因子分析初始发酵产酶培养基中10个因子,确定麸皮、酵母膏和KH2PO4为产锰过氧化物酶(Mnp)的显著影响因子,根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计及三因素三水平的响应面分析,通过二次多项回归模型进行方差分析和回归拟合,预测了最佳产酶培养基条件为:麸皮、酵母膏和KH2PO4的添加量分别为10.75、3.37、0.095g/L,最大Mnp酶活预测值为4.06U/mL.验证实验Mnp酶活为4.15U/ml,与预测值十分接近.优化后的酶活与优化前相比,Mnp酶活提高了58.4％.     

响应面法优化α-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件研究

采用Plackett-Burman(PB)分析法和响应面法(Response surface methodology,RSM)对臭曲霉产α-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵条件进行了优化。PB实验表明麦芽浸粉、KH2PO4、尿素、pH和接种量具有显著影响效应;然后利用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应区域,通过中心组合实验对影响产酶的主要因素进行研究,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的回归方程,并获得最佳发酵条件:麦芽浸粉38.13g/L,KH2PO47.88g/L,尿素0.91g/L,pH为5.76,接种量为9.63%。在此优化条件下发酵,α-葡萄糖苷酶产量提高了35%左右,达到1218.6U/mL。     

一株木质素降解白腐菌的筛选、鉴定及其产漆酶培养基的优化

为筛选产木质素降解酶的菌株,采用苯胺蓝-PDA平板法和愈创木酚-PDA平板法从铁皮石斛生长的树皮中筛选到菌株SHIHU-X2,经ITS测序分析将SHIHU-X2鉴定为白腐真菌白黄小脆柄菇(Psathyrella candolleana)。应用响应面法优化产漆酶培养基,结果表明SHIHU-X2菌株产漆酶的最优培养基是:去皮马铃薯200 g/L,葡萄糖20 g/L,蛋白胨1.24 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,酒石酸铵0.02 g/L,CuSO4 0.01 g/L,MgSO4 0.56 g/L,MnSO4 0.057 g/L。漆酶活力从初始产酶培养基1.11 U/mL提高到响应面优化后的2.32 U/mL,漆酶活力提高了109 %。     

木聚糖酶产生菌Gh-5培养基配方及发酵条件的优化

研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对试验菌株Gh-5产木聚糖酶的发酵影响,并对木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行初步研究。结果表明,该菌最适发酵产酶培养基组分为甘露糖15 g/L,氯化铵10 g/L,ZnSO4 0.3 g/L,KH2PO4 0.5 g/L;最适发酵条件为温度37 ℃;pH值为8.0;接种量14 %;发酵培养生长周期36 h。木聚糖酶产生菌株Gh-5发酵优化后的酶活力为114.64 U/mL,较优化前38.02 U/mL提高了201.53%。木聚糖酶酶学性质研究结果表明,木聚糖酶酶活最适pH值为8.0;最适温度为65 ℃;Zn2+对木聚糖酶酶活有较好促进作用。     

产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶特基拉芽孢杆菌Bacillus tequilensis CGX5-1发酵培养基的优化

采用响应面优化法对一株野生特基拉芽孢杆菌的发酵培养基进行优化,最终培养基各组分为:大麦粉68.4 g/L,玉米粉40 g/L,豆饼粉61.1 g/L,KH2PO41 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L,CaCl20.1 g/L。用优化培养基在37℃摇瓶发酵52 h,β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶活达到191.96 U/mL,是优化前产酶水平的1.91倍。     

产耐高温木聚糖酶菌株的筛选及其产酶条件优化

从牛粪堆肥中分离、筛选到1株产耐高温木聚糖酶的细菌NF1,经形态特征和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定菌株NF1为类芽孢杆菌,命名为类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.) NF1.采用响应面法对该菌种产木聚糖酶的发酵条件进行优化.首先利用Plackett Burman试验设计筛选出影响产酶量的3个主要因素,即牛肉膏浓度、NaCl浓度和初始pH值.在此基础上使用Design-Expert软件进行Box-Behnken试验设计,通过响应面分析得出菌株NF1发酵产酶的最佳条件为玉米芯20g/L、牛肉膏28.2g/L、K2HPO45g/L、MgSO4 0.5g/L、NaC1 7.1 g/L、初始pH值为6.9;装液量40mL、转速160r/min、接种量2％、温度28℃.经过验证试验,优化后粗酶液酶活达到160.6IU/mL,与响应面预测结果一致,较优化前木聚糖酶酶活提高了51.4倍.     

响应面法优化真菌复合系F-7产纤维素酶的发酵培养基

为提高复合菌系降解纤维素的酶活力,通过响应面法对其培养基成分进行优化。首先对其液体发酵产酶培养基进行优化,在此优化基础上,利用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响真菌复合菌系F-7产纤维素酶活的显著因素,再采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,结合Box-Behnken响应面法对显著因素进行分析,优化得到最佳发酵培养基。(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4和秸秆为F-7复合菌系产纤维素酶活的显著性因素,优化后获得最佳培养基成分为玉米芯5 g/L,秸秆7.5 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 4 g/L,K2HPO4 1 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.2 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,NaCl 1 g/L,蛋白胨1 g/L,酵母膏1 g/L。结果表明,优化后纤维素酶活由为50.12μmol/m L提高到68.73μmol/m L,提高了41%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the