乳酸菌细菌素Durancin GL对单增李斯特菌的抗菌活性及机制

单增李斯特菌广泛分布于肉类、禽类、蛋类、乳制品及蔬菜中,且适应能力强,即使在4 ℃的冷藏环境下仍可生长繁殖,是食品中主要的食源性致病菌之一。乳酸菌细菌素Durancin GL是由干酪中肠球菌产生的一种新型细菌素,对单增李斯特菌具有靶向抑制作用。本实验研究了Durancin GL对单增李斯特菌的抗菌活性及作用机制。通过最小抑菌浓度和抑菌动力学实验检测Durancin GL对单增李斯特菌的抑制作用,结合监测胞内物质泄漏、菌体存活情况以及形态学分析,探讨Durancin GL对单增李斯特菌的抑菌机制。Durancin GL对单增李斯特菌最小抑菌浓度为（2.5±0.4）mg/L,可引起李斯特菌细胞质泄漏,增加细胞外液电导率,导致菌体细胞死亡,从而发挥其抑菌活性。     

溴化呋喃酮对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成及黏附作用的影响

目的:为了预防控制单增李斯特菌的污染,研究群体感应抑制剂3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮在亚抑菌浓度下对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的调控及黏附作用。方法:采用倍比稀释法确定抑制剂的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低致死剂量(MBC),研究在亚抑菌浓度MIC,5MIC,10MIC时,单增李斯特菌生长曲线、细菌总蛋白含量、胞外多糖含量变化规律。通过结晶紫染色法观察生物膜形成情况,计算抑制率;通过细胞黏附试验测定对黏附率的影响。结果:3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮对单增李斯特菌的MIC为25μg/mL,MBC为400μg/mL;在工作质量浓度分别为25,125,250μg/mL时,对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的抑制率分别为18.83%,39.98%和83.27%,细菌总蛋白和胞外多糖明显减少;对单增李斯特菌侵染Caco-2细胞黏附率抑制率分别为44.41%,67.68%和85.28%。结论:3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮在亚抑菌浓度下,对单增李斯特菌生物膜的形成以及黏附细胞均存在一定的调控作用,且随着抑制剂浓度的增加抑制效果更明显。     

葡萄酒中生物性来源有害产物的研究进展

为了考察桦褐孔菌多酚的抑菌活性,进行测定抑菌谱、抑菌影响因素、细胞电导率、细胞渗漏、扫描电镜（SEM）等试验分析,探究pH、温度、紫外照射、盐浓度对桦褐孔菌多酚抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,桦褐孔菌多酚具有广谱抑菌效果,且对革兰氏阳性菌G+的抑制能力优于革兰氏阴性菌G-,对大肠杆菌（G-）、金黄色葡萄球菌（G+）、单增李斯特菌（G+）、沙门氏菌（G-）和枯草芽孢杆菌（G+）最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为2.50 mg/mL、1.25 mg/mL、2.50 mg/mL、5.00 mg/mL和5.00 mg/mL。在pH值为6、盐浓度为0.8%时,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达到最大值,分别为18.36 mm、18.66 mm。桦褐孔菌多酚抑菌在40～121 ℃热稳定性较好,并且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最好,10 mg/mL时最大抑菌圈直径为（19.5±0.15） mm,比同浓度下枯草芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分别高23.4%、8.9%、18.2%和40.2%。     

纳豆菌抗菌肽对对虾中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的抑菌效应

本文采用牛津杯法和液体二倍稀释法测得纳豆菌抗菌肽对单增李斯特菌有很好的抑菌、杀菌效果,其MIC和MBC分别为0.625、1.875mg/mL;通过细菌菌落计数测得终浓度为1MIC的抗菌肽即可抑制其生长,终浓度达到2MIC时,在27h内菌数降低了4个数量级;且在培养初始阶段以及在菌体低浓度时加入控制效果更明显;以对虾为培养基质,检测得低浓度的抗菌肽已有很强抑制效果,终浓度增加到2MIC时单增李斯特菌的生长即可受到抑制.纳豆菌抗菌肽对单增李斯特菌的抑制效果明显,可用作对虾基质中单增李斯特菌的控制,为水产品绿色控制剂的开发提供指导.     

生物防腐剂对食源性致病菌抑制效果的初步探究

为初步探究生物型防腐剂对食源性致病菌的抑制效果,以乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、纳他霉素和植酸为代表,通过稀释涂布平板计数法计算其对单增李斯特菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的抑菌率,同时使用苯甲酸钠作为对照组比较化学防腐剂与生物防腐剂的抑菌效果。试验结果表明,4种防腐剂中Nisin对3种致病菌的抑制效果最好,其中对单增李斯特菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的最小抑制浓度为0.01%,但对大肠杆菌O157:H7抑制效果较差,达最高浓度0.1%时对其的抑菌率只有61.12%;苯甲酸钠的抑菌效果仅次于Nisin,其次是植酸,而纳他霉素几乎对3种致病菌无抑制效果。     

传统发酵豆制品中3种致病菌的三重荧光PCR快速检测方法的建立

为了建立传统发酵豆制品中单增李斯特菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的三重荧光PCR快速检测方法。以单增李斯特菌hly A基因、蜡样芽孢杆菌Cereolysin AB基因和金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因为靶基因设计引物与TaqMan探针,通过优化PCR反应体系,建立了可同时检测单增李斯特菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的三重荧光定量PCR体系,并进行了特异性和敏感性试验。结果显示,该方法灵敏度高,特异性强,重复性好。对26株非目标菌进行检测,结果均为阴性,而定量检测批内和批间的变异系数均小于2%。单增李斯特菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌敏感性试验结果表明,这三种细菌的最低检测浓度分别为3×103cfu/mL、2×104cfu/mL、2×104cfu/mL。应用该方法可在8h内完成对样品中单增李斯特菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的同步检测。     

融合魏斯氏菌对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响

从东北传统酸菜的12株乳酸菌中筛选对单增李斯特菌有较强拮抗作用的低温生长菌株,并分析其对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响。首先测定乳酸菌菌株的低温生长特征和抑菌活性;然后采用定性法和定量法分析乳酸菌菌株对单核细胞增生李斯特菌生物膜形成和形态结构的影响;最终通过生理生化和16S rDNA测序对乳酸菌菌株进行鉴定。结果表明：菌株Z01在10℃低温下生长,培养72 h后OD595nm值增加0.23,且具有抗单增李斯特菌活性,抑菌圈直径达19.79 mm。菌株Z01粗提物的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）为16.0 mg/mL,当粗提物浓度为0.5 MIC和1.0 MIC时,对生物膜形成抑制率分别为59.33%和77.77%,对生物膜黏附细菌的抑制率分别为14.49%和26.44%。该菌株被鉴定为融合魏斯氏菌（Weissella confusa）,为研发在低温条件控制单核细胞增生李斯特菌的生物制剂奠定基础。     

百里香抑菌物质的提取工艺优化及活性研究

研究百里香中抑菌成分的超高压提取工艺及抑菌作用,考察压力、酒精浓度、料液比对百里香提取物抑菌作用大小的影响,采用响应面法优化百里香抑菌成分超高压提取的最佳条件;采用倍半稀释法测定百里香提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及单增李斯特菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);检测抑菌物质对细菌的生长曲线、核酸泄漏的影响;对百里香提取物成分进行分析。实验结果表明:在压力380MPa、乙醇浓度83%、料液比1∶42(g/mL)的条件下,相对电导率为15.69%±0.21%;百里香提取物处理细菌后与对照组相比,菌生长缓慢,迟滞期延长,细胞膜通透性增加,核酸泄露量明显增加,说明百里香提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及单增李斯特菌生长具有一定抑制作用;每1g百里香超高压提取物中含黄酮0.189mg、多酚0.162mg、多糖0.085mg、百里香酚0.134mg。     

辽西传统发酵食品中抗单增李斯特菌乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

目的:从传统辽西发酵食品中筛选对单增李斯特菌具有良好拮抗作用的乳酸菌菌株。方法:采用双层琼脂扩散法筛选乳酸菌优良菌株。采用酸性实验、热处理实验、蛋白酶敏感性实验分析拮抗特性,利用生长曲线分析拮抗物质形成过程,扫描电镜分析细胞结构完整性。通过生理生化实验和16S rRNA序列进行菌株鉴定。结果:从13株乳酸菌中筛选出1株抗单增李斯特菌活性较强的菌株DL3,抗菌物质存在于无细胞上清液中。经胃蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性丧失了27.50%,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶可使抑菌活性完全丧失,经121℃处理15 min后,抑菌活性仍保留96.88%,在p H2.5~6.5时具有抑菌活性,表明菌株DL3产生的抑菌物质可能为细菌素。添加菌株DL3无细胞上清液可使单增李斯特菌的生长曲线延迟期和稳定期延长4 h,显著地缩短了其生长期。扫描电镜结果表明经菌株DL3无细胞上清液处理的单增李斯特菌菌体变小且边缘模糊不清,其中一端细胞原生质发生泄漏。经鉴定菌株DL3为植物乳杆菌。结论:获得1株对单增李斯特菌有较强拮抗活性的植物乳杆菌DL3,该菌的拮抗活性物质可能为细菌素,可作为食品防腐剂潜在的应用菌株。     

抗菌肽zp37抑制果汁中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的活性及其作用机制

单核细胞增生李斯特菌（简称单增李斯特菌）作为一种常见的食源性致病菌,是影响果汁食用安全性的主要威胁因子。本实验设计并获得一种抗菌肽zp37,通过测定抗菌肽zp37最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）,分析抗菌肽zp37处理后单增李斯特菌的生长曲线、膜电位、膜完整性、细胞微观结构、细胞聚集率、DNA结合情况以及胞内活性氧等,研究抗菌肽zp37抑制果汁中单增李斯特菌的活性及其作用机制。结果表明,抗菌肽zp37对单增李斯特菌的MIC为16μg/mL,当其质量浓度大于4MIC时,单增李斯特菌生长受到明显抑制。同时,8MIC的抗菌肽zp37处理1h能杀死绝大部分的单增李斯特菌,且在7 d贮藏期内,2MIC的抗菌肽zp37能将草莓汁、猕猴桃汁和苹果汁中的单增李斯特菌控制到检测限以下。抗菌肽zp37处理后,单增李斯特菌细胞膜离子通透性增加、膜电位消失,细胞膜完整性被破坏,细胞出现明显的凹陷变形,细胞间发生聚集。荧光标记示踪法结果显示,抗菌肽zp37同时作用于单增李斯特菌的细胞膜和细胞质。在细胞质中,当抗菌肽zp37质量浓度大于DNA质量浓度的1/4...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press