泥质河口纳潮冲淤及拖淤效果分析

近年,海河、独流减河等北方河口清淤主要以350m3/h绞吸式挖泥船挖泥及机船拖淤为主.国内、外有关纳潮冲淤的研究和河北省各河口拖淤实践证明,纳潮冲淤结合机船拖淤对泥质河口防淤减淤效果更好.     

入海河口挡潮闸纳潮冲淤的探讨

我国沿海诸多河口建有挡潮闸,由于长期关闭闸门,受潮汐影响,闸下河道严重淤积。试图从淤泥力学特性,结合子牙新河挡潮闸纳潮冲淤及浙江、福建等几个闸的试验观测进行初步分析,找到入海河口挡潮闸防淤减淤的方法。     

入海河口挡潮闸纳潮冲淤的探讨

我国沿海诸多河口建有挡潮闸，由于长期关闭闸门，受潮汐影响，闸下河道严重淤积。试图从淤泥力学特性，结合子牙新河挡潮闸纳潮冲淤及浙江、福建等几个闸的试验观测进行初步分析，找到人海河口挡潮闸防淤减淤的方法。     

河北省泥质河口纳潮冲淤加拖淤的试验研究

河北省沿海诸多河口建有挡潮闸，由于长期关闭闸门，受潮汐影响，闸下河道严重淤积，严重影响河道的防洪安全。寻找经济、合理、客观地解决河口淤积的有效措施，是一项非常重要和迫切的任务。在子牙新河河口原型观测资料的基础上，结合河北省河口的现状，分析了全潮、纳潮、冲淤加闸下拖淤等5项试验成果，提出了河北省泥质河口清淤的最佳有效方式。     

海河口闸下泄流拖淤分析

海河口属淤泥质河口，其档潮闸下引河淤积问题极为严重，挖泥清淤虽然有效，但费用之高愈来愈连以承受，利用闸上有限泄流或闸下落潮流拖淤，寻找一种简捷，经济的清淤措施已引起海河流域水管部门的极大兴趣，本文对１９９４年海河干流挡潮闸下拖淤情况进行了全面的介绍和分析。     

海河流域河口防淤减淤对策研究

海河流域在总长５６５ｋｍ海岸线上分布着大小入海口６２个，淤泥质可口在海河流域分布很广，造成河口泥沙严重淤积，从而降低各河道的泄流能力。通过对河口各项数据的综合分析，论述了河口淤积及其引起的防洪问题，河口治导线的规定，不同的河口治理分别采取导堤工程、建闸结合清淤，清淤整治工程３个治理方案，为河口进一步治理和减轻洪涝起到积极作用。     

陇县段家峡水库排沙减淤的思考

本文通过调查水库淤积现状及其产生的危害论述了水库淤积产生的原因,提出了排沙减淤的对策:加快水库上游流域治理,科学调蓄水库有效库容,合理调度进行异重流排沙减淤等.     

水库泥沙淤积与防淤减淤措施

针对水库普遍存在的泥沙淤积现象,探讨延长水库使用寿命的防淤减淤措施.     

海河口的闸下淤积与纳潮冲淤

海河流域入海河口较多，已建的防潮闸大部分闸下淤积严重。曾采用多种方法清淤，但都存有问题。近年，通过调研，我委在计划中安排了一个新的研究课题——纳潮冲淤，为解决入海河口的淤积问题寻求一条新的科学途径。1河D淤积与挡潮闸泄流能力海河流域所辖海岸线全长585km，其中     

河口闸下淤积和清淤措施研究综述

淤泥质河口建闸后需要解决泥沙淤积的问题，它制约着河口的综合利用。本文就我国淤泥质河口挡潮闸引起的闸下淤积和清淤措施研究成果进行了综述。首先归纳了我国主要建闸河口闸下淤积类型，多数学者根据潮波变形理论和不平衡输沙理论对闸下淤积的力学机理和控制因素进行分析，解释和预测河口闸下淤积的基本特征和发展趋势，提出不同类型的建闸河口防淤减淤措施。最后指出目前研究中的不足和以后应进一步加强研究的问题。     

我国水库淤损情势分析

基于全国第一次水利普查水库资料,分析了我国水库时空分布特征,我国现有10万m3以上的水库约9.8万座,总库容约9323亿m3,其中小型水库数量占全国的95.22％,大型水库库容占全国的80.43％,我国水库数量和库容在1950年以后快速增加.在掌握全国水库分布的基础上,收集了我国6702座水库淤积资料,其中约90％的水...     

怎样认识官厅水库的泥沙

水库的泥沙淤积是困扰水库运行管理的痼疾，特别是输沙量较大的河流，甚至影响到水库的使用寿命。作者从兴利除害角度，提出了水库泥沙及其治理思路。     

Regularities of siltation of reservoirs and ponds

Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 22–24, October, 1994.     

Coarse sediment and lower Yellow River siltation

Trap sediment by reservoirs has been effective in protecting the Lower Yellow River (LYR) but it can hard be sustainable. After reviewing the nature of sediment and siltation, the effect of coarse sediment (d > 0.08–0.1 mm) (CS) on LYR siltation is studied. It is basically proved that the CS was apt to aggregate in special reach in the upmost fluctuating backwater of reservoirs due to the effect of hydraulic sorting; persistent dredging here in a fixed dredging basin (FDB) can remove most CS and prevent it from entering the LYR. It is thus possible to ease or to cease LYR siltation. Removing CS has also proved to be able to save reservoir capacity (Zhou et al., 2010). Therefore, previously projected temporary trapping storages as the Xiaolangdi reservoir (XLDR) immediately upstream of LYR can be adjusted with new role to screen CS. The LYR can be protected without needing more dams.     

Bathymetry and siltation rate for Dokan Reservoir,Iraq

The Dokan Reservoir dam is a concrete cylindrical arch with gravity abutments, located on the Lesser Zab River about 60 km from the city of Sulaimani in north‐eastern Iraq. A bathymetric survey was conducted in November 2014 for a period of 10 days, using an echo sounder of 200‐kHz single beam. The survey results indicated an annual average sediment deposition of 3.8 million m³. Thirty‐two sediment samples were collected from the reservoir bed. The ratio of gravel, sand, silt and clay was 15:14:48:23, respectively. The reservoir bed is covered mainly with silt. The sediments are composed of silty clay (77.6%), silty sandy clay (10%), sandy gravely silty clay (1.2%) and gravely sandy silty clay (1%).     

Estimation of siltation of the Tereblya-Rika hydroelectric station reservoir

Conclusions An estimation of the suspended-load discharge with the use of the existing data of hydrological yearbooks was not very reliable, since it gave quite underestimated results of the calculation in comparison with the actual volumes of siltation of the reservoir.The bed-load discharge calculated on the basis of data on the migration of meso-forms and a detailed analysis of the actual maximum runoff hydrographs of the Tereblya River, characterized by the transport of channel-forming sediments, is in good agreement with the data of the particle-size analysis of the reservoir siltation products and amounts to not more than 1% of the total sediment load.On the basis of a statistical analysis of the data of field observations, a lognormal relation was established between the volumes of water and sediment discharges, reflecting in a most generalizing form the main characteristics of fluvial processes of streams in the investigated region.With consideration of the substantial changes in the morphometric characteristics of the reservoir, it is economically advisable to change to the use of refined depth curves.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 7, pp. 47–50, July, 1988.     

挖槽回淤物粒度变化对航道回淤的影响

根据吕四海域地形、水文、泥沙和浅层柱状样观测资料的分析,研究航道浚深后回淤物的粒度变化过程及其对航道回淤的影响。研究表明,航道浚深后,航槽内底质呈明显粗化现象,底质中值粒径由浚前的0.045~0.071 mm增加至浚后的0.128~0.135 mm,0.005~0.062 mm的细颗粒组分由36.0%减小至8.9%,0.075~0.250 mm粗颗粒组分由37.9%增加至78.2%,疏浚船舶的水力分选是泥沙组分变化的主要因素。吕四海域航道泥沙回淤形式为悬沙沉降和底沙推移共同作用的结果,夏季7—8月试挖槽内回淤强度较大,回淤泥沙颗粒较细,冬季10—12月回淤强度较小,回淤泥沙颗粒较粗。根据粒度谱计算结果,正常天条件下悬沙沉降对航道回淤的贡献率约为15%,夏季贡献率高于冬季,大风天可增至30%~40%。回淤贡献率的计算方法可为类似工程的回淤研究提供借鉴和参考。     

考虑船舶停靠的码头减淤措施研究

目前,码头淤积和减淤措施的分析计算中,很少考虑船舶停靠的影响。针对金塘水道某码头,建立二维潮流泥沙模型,数值计算得到的潮流、含沙量结果与实测结果吻合。进而分析船舶停靠对潮流水动力和码头冲淤变化的影响。计算结果表明:船舶停靠阻碍了潮流运动,导致流速减小和泥沙淤积,但影响仅为周边区域。在考虑船舶停靠频率不变的前提下,针对目前1#,2#泊位最大月淤积强度接近实测淤积量（＞1.15 m）这一情况,提出了3种减淤方案,并计算了实施方案1后的潮流和冲淤变化,发现导堤长度对减淤效果影响很大。对于重淤区而言,基于综合分析比较,短堤的防淤减淤效果较好,故推荐采用短堤方案。