等温退火对2205钢组织及硬度性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和硬度仪研究了等温退火对2205钢显微组织及硬度性能的影响。结果表明:当2205钢在650Ⅱ等温退火不同时间时,钢的硬度性能随退火时间延长先逐渐增加后再降低至稳定。根据进一步分析,主要原因与退火过程中合金基体铁素体相内部及铁素体与奥氏体两相交界处生成的析出相(R相)直接相关。     

双相钢冷轧酸洗板表面黑色条带缺陷成因分析

2205双相不锈钢(DSS)经连续退火酸洗线(CAPL)后钢板表面通常会存在暗黑色的条带,严重影响DSS产品的表面质量。通过OM、SEM、EDS等分析手段对现场采集的酸洗板表面形貌进行了观察,发现板面发黑的部位较为粗糙,进一步分析可知DSS板退火后的表面两相氧化皮酸洗效果存在差异。结果表明,产生条带缺陷的主要原因为DSS在退火过程中表面两相分布的不均匀,以及各相所生成氧化皮的酸洗差异,导致酸洗后的表面各区域粗糙度的不同。提出了减少DSS酸洗板表面黑色条带缺陷的控制措施。     

退火温度对磁控溅射TiN/TiCN薄膜残余应力、结构及耐蚀性能的影响

采用反应磁控溅射在AZ31合金上制备了TiN/TiCN薄膜,并对沉积后的薄膜进行真空去应力退火。分别采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)、掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)和电化学工作站对退火前后的薄膜进行表面化学成分、形貌结构、残余应力以及耐蚀性能分析。结果表明:薄膜由FCC结构的TiCN和TiN组成。退火后,薄膜的晶粒尺寸和结晶度增大,内部残余应力显著下降,电化学腐蚀区域的Ti、C、N元素含量下降,250 ℃退火薄膜的耐蚀性能与沉积态薄膜相当,300 ℃退火后薄膜的耐蚀性能下降。     

时效时间对2205钢显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸试验机研究了550℃时效处理对2205不锈钢的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:2205钢经过不同时间的时效后,其拉伸性能随时效时间延长而增大;然而,材料在时效过程当中发生了脆化,韧性有所下降。根据进一步的分析,主要原因与生成的析出R相直接相关。     

退火温度对激光增材制造CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金耐点蚀性能的影响

目的 研究激光增材制造CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金经不同温度退火后,微观组织演变对其在NaCl溶液中的耐点蚀性能的影响规律。方法 采用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术制备CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究其退火后的微观结构。利用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试研究SLM成形高熵合金的耐点蚀性能,并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析钝化膜成分。结果 经过不同温度退火后,高熵合金相组成并未改变,均为单一的面心立方结构固溶体。然而高熵合金的微观组织发生了明显转变,退火前微观组织由熔池、柱状晶及胞状亚晶所组成。随着退火温度的升高,熔池边界与亚晶结构逐渐消失,晶粒逐渐长大。SLM成形高熵合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀类型主要为点蚀。随着退火温度从700℃提高至1100℃,高熵合金的腐蚀电流密度先减小、后增加,700℃退火试样相较于打印态试样,腐蚀电流密度下降了97%。打印态和700℃退火试样的钝化膜中Co+Cr+Ni与Mn+Fe阳离子含量的比值分别为1.38和1.61,钝化膜中Cr本征氧化层厚度分别为5.43 nm和5.7...     

热处理对AlFeCrCoNiMo高熵合金微观组织与硬度的影响

利用真空电弧熔炼法制备了AlFeCrCoNiMo高熵合金。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度仪,研究了退火对高熵合金的微观组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:铸态以及退火后的合金是树枝晶结构,枝晶间是由Cr_9Mo_(21)Ni_(20)和NiCoCr金属间化合物组成的共晶结构;随着退火温度的升高,FCC相逐渐减少,并会析出新的金属间化合物;合金的微观应力表现出先增大后减少的变化趋势;合金的硬度随着退火温度的升高先升高再降低,合金的应力与硬度的变化趋势一致,当退火温度达到800℃时,合金的硬度达到最大。     

退火对栅介质SrHfON薄膜性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在Si衬底上制备新型栅介质SrHfON薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线光电子谱(XPS)分析退火对SrHfON薄膜的界面形态、薄膜的结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明,SrHfON薄膜经900℃退火后仍保持非晶态,表现出良好的热稳定性。SrHfON薄膜与Si衬底的界面主要由HfSixOy和SiO2组成。以SrHfON薄膜为栅介质的MOS电容结构具有较小的漏电流密度,并且漏电流密度随着退火温度的升高而减小。在外加偏压(Vg)为+1V时样品在沉积态和900℃退火后的漏电流密度分别为4.3×10-6和1.2×10-7A/cm2。研究表明,SrHfON薄膜是一种很有希望替代SiO2的新型栅介质材料。     

退火对表面机械研磨处理工业纯锆显微组织和残余应力的影响

对经表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)的工业纯锆进行不同温度的退火处理,采用偏光光学显微镜(PM)和透射电镜(TEM)对其表层显微组织进行表征,利用X射线应力仪、显微硬度计分别测试距试样表面不同深度的宏观残余应力场及硬度。利用Voigt函数拟合X射线衍射峰,分析不同退火温度下微观应变和位错密度的变化规律。结果表明：对于经退火的SMAT试样,随着退火温度的增加,试样表面残余压应力逐渐减小,且残余应力场深度、最大残余应力及其对应的深度均大幅度降低;不同退火温度下,微观应变及位错密度均随距表层深度的增加逐渐减小。     

氮掺杂SrTiO_3/TiO_2纳米管阵列的可见光催化性能研究

利用N掺杂和构建异质结结构改善Ti O2基光催化剂的可见光催化性能。通过水热反应法在氢氧化锶溶液中将阳极氧化Ti O2纳米管阵列转化为Sr Ti O3/Ti O2复合纳米管阵列结构,并随后在NH3中退火对Sr Ti O3/Ti O2进行N掺杂。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、紫外可见吸收(UV-vis)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了样品的形貌、结构、成分、光谱吸收范围和元素组成。样品的可见光催化降解实验表明,N-Sr Ti O3/Ti O2表现出最佳的可见光催化活性。     

Recrystallization of Ni-5%W Alloy Substrates by Reel-to-Reel Method

基于轧制态Ni-5%W(原子分数)合金基带短样品在不同温度退火的结果,对Ni-5%W合金长带进行了辊到辊退火处理。分析不同温度下退火后的硬度,通过X射线极图法评价再结晶织构,采用光学显微镜分析基带的微观结构,讨论退火温度对再结晶织构的影响,考察短带与长带再结晶织构的差异。结果发现：长带和短带都具有很强的立方织构     

2205和316L不锈钢在氢氟酸中的电化学腐蚀行为

通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法考察了2205双相不锈钢和316L不锈钢在5%(体积分数)HF溶液中的电化学行为,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明：两种不锈钢在氢氟酸溶液中都能发生钝化,且2205双相不锈钢的钝化区间范围更宽,维钝电流密度更低。2205双相不锈钢表面钝化膜表现出更高的钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,其抗氢氟酸腐蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,这主要与2205双相不锈钢中的Mo和Cr含量高、表面钝化膜缺陷少、钝化膜易修复等因素有关。     

Effects of nitric acid passivation on the corrosion behavior of ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo stainless steel in simulated marine atmosphere

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steel was nitric acid-passivated to improve its corrosion performance. The effects of nitric acid passivation on the surface morphology, chemical composition, electrochemical properties, semiconductor behavior, and long-term corrosion performance of the stainless steel were investigated using various analytical techniques. An in-depth analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the passive film formed after the acid passivation process showed high thickness and a duplex character as it consisted of a hydroxide layer and an oxide layer. The oxide layer affected the corrosion resistance and thickness of the passive film. The thickness of the passive film was calculated theoretically as well as experimentally by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS results. The electrochemical tests revealed that the dramatic increase in the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel after the passivation was due to the formation of a thick, low-disorder passive film rather than Cr enrichment. The removal of inclusions resulted in higher pitting resistance, whereas the increased roughness showed a negative effect on the corrosion behavior of the stainless steel. During the wet–dry cyclic tests, the modification of the passive film was examined. The passivated stainless steel exhibited good corrosion resistance for up to 50 days of exposure in the simulated environment.     

特殊不锈钢热带退火酸洗工艺特点

介绍了双相钢、耐热钢、超级奥氏体钢、超级铁素体钢等特殊不锈钢退火酸洗工艺的特点,与普通不锈钢相比,其退火速度较低,退火温度较高,冷却段为全水冷方式,氧化铁皮预处理采用破鳞机与抛丸机相结合的方式,酸洗段预酸洗采用电解中性盐的方法,混酸酸洗段的氢氟酸浓度较高。     

Effect of selective dissolution on fatigue crack initiation in 2205 duplex stainless steel

The effect of selective dissolution on fatigue crack initiation of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was investigated in this study. In mixed sulfuric and hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, there existed two distinctly separated anodic peaks in the active-to-passive transition region of the polarization curve. Either ferritic or austenitic phase was selectively dissolved at each characteristic anodic peak potential. Under sinusoidal cyclic loading condition, however, selective dissolution did not assist fatigue crack initiation instead resulting in the elimination of stress concentration site in the selectively dissolving phase. As a consequence, under selective dissolution condition, fatigue crack initiated in the phase while its dissolution rate was lower with respect to the other constituent phase in the duplex stainless steel. The microstructural evolution of the corrosion fatigue crack initiation in 2205 DSS in the mixed sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solution is highlighted in this investigation.     

热处理工艺对2205双相不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

对2205双相不锈钢采用不同温度进行热处理,然后用光学显微镜和电子扫描电镜观察其在0.33mol/L FeCl3+0.05 mol/L HCl溶液中腐蚀后的形貌;测试其显微硬度的变化、在沸腾的65%的硝酸溶液中浸蚀24 h的腐蚀速率和在25℃的3.5%NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位。研究表明:2205双相不锈钢在750~900℃保温4h有σ相析出,材料的显微硬度增大。同时随着热处理温度的升高,2205双相不锈钢的点蚀电位降低,腐蚀速率增大。     

Influence of Shot Peening Treatment on the Fatigue and Corrosion Resisting Properties of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

In the present paper,shot peening treatments were used to strengthen the steel surface,and the influence on the fatigue and corrosion resisting properties of 2Cr13 stainless steel was examined.The residual stress and the surface roughness were investigated by XRD and AFM.The characteristics of fatigue and corrosion resistance have also been analyzed by bending fatigue and salt spray tests.The result reveals that the fatigue limit of the samples is improved dramatically with the increasing of the peening strength by 7.5%.Meanwhile,the peenging angle has no evident influence on the fatigue properties.Compared with the untreated samples,the acid corrosion weight loss of the samples after the shot peening treatment is decreased almost by 90%.From the above experimental results proper shot peening would improve not only the fatigue property but also the corrosion resistance of 2Cr13-typed stainless steel.     

低H2S、高CO2分压条件下双相不锈钢应力腐蚀敏感性研究

目的针对IS15156标准中对双相不锈钢使用条件的限制,研究双相不锈钢2205在不同温度、不同低H_2S分压条件下的开裂敏感性。方法通过模拟我国西部酸性油田低H_2S、高CO_2工况环境,利用高温高压设备,进行了三点弯曲试验,结合失重法测试腐蚀速率,并使用SEM和EDS进行微观形貌观察和腐蚀产物分析。结果双相不锈钢2205的腐蚀速率较低,未超过0.014 mm/a,且硫化氢分压对腐蚀的影响较小,但发现了由氧化铝等夹杂导致的点蚀。双相不锈钢2205在低硫化氢分压的中温(100℃)区发生应力腐蚀开裂,同时发生了选择性腐蚀,铁素体相优先于奥氏体相腐蚀,其他温度条件下仅发现点蚀。硫化氢分压升高时,开裂敏感性有一定程度的降低。结论双相不锈钢2205在低硫化氢分压条件下的开裂类型为氢脆型应力腐蚀开裂。氧化物夹杂诱发点蚀,氢在应力集中区域聚集,发生氢脆。当硫化氢分压从6 k Pa增加到165 k Pa时,局部腐蚀敏感性的增加使氢脆得到缓解,开裂敏感性降低。双相不锈钢2205无法在低硫化氢的中温井口环境中使用,标准中以H_2S分压作为使用限制并不十分完善。     

超声喷丸对钢基体表面发黑膜耐蚀性的影响

目的通过对低碳钢基体进行超声喷丸前处理来提高其表面高温碱性发黑膜的耐蚀性。方法采用超声喷丸的方法在低碳钢表面获得剧烈变形层,达到组织细化的效果,并分别在超声喷丸处理前后的钢表面制备高温碱性发黑膜。通过微观观察、电化学极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试及全浸泡腐蚀试验,研究喷丸处理对转化膜形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果超声喷丸处理后,钢基体表层组织显著细化、均匀化,喷丸表面形成的发黑膜结晶颗粒细小、均匀、致密。该膜层与未喷丸表面的发黑膜相比,自腐蚀电位提高了170 m V,自腐蚀电流密度降低了85%,膜层电阻增大1倍以上,并且耐盐水浸泡能力增强。结论超声喷丸的方法可以用于低碳钢表面的前处理,以提高其后续发黑膜的耐蚀性。     

特种金属及合金中厚板在线酸洗技术探讨

酸洗过程是钛和钛合金中厚板高质量制造瓶颈工序;双相不锈钢中厚板难以在线酸洗,为国内外难题。在卧式连续喷淋酸洗机组上,以TA2钛、304不锈钢、S32205双相不锈钢中厚板为代表,提出、论述4元素（H、N、O、F）组成的硝酸和氢氟酸,两段式混酸（HNO3＋HF）液酸洗技术,它包括：两段式混酸（HNO3＋HF）液酸洗技术构思;两段式混酸（HNO3＋HF）液质量浓度数值范围;两段式混酸（HNO3＋HF）液物质的量表。应用该技术,实现了TA2钛、304不锈钢、S32205双相不锈钢等宽产品范围特种金属及合金中厚板在线酸洗。酸洗后表面呈银白色、色泽均匀,满足了标准和用户关于表面质量的要求。     

Oberflächenbehandlung als Korrosionsschutzmaßnahme von nichtrostenden Stählen

Surface treatment as corrosion protection measure of stainless steels The pickling behaviour of several stainless austenitic steels and of one steel with ferritic/austenitic grain structure were investigated in pickling solutions of different compositions based on hydrofluoric acid. Because of uncertainties in practical applications, the influence of temperature, time and acid content on the mass loss is of high interest. In another series of experiments, aqueous solutions of citric acid were tested for their suitability as pickling chemicals for the materials X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 (AISI 321) and X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 (AISI 316 Ti). Finally, the pickling procedures based on nitric acid/hydrofluoric acid mixtures were compared with mechanical cleansing methods and with pickling procedures based on aqueous citric acid solutions as well, to elucidate their influence on the corrosion resistance of the treated materials. The valuation followed a pitting corrosion test in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations after Herbsleb and Schwenk. Pickling with hydrofluoric acid solutions is superior to other cleansing procedures, if corrosive environments are present. The ecologically beneficial citric acid solutions are only able to remove the annealing colours from stainless steels.