基于柜位预测的转炉煤气热值优化模型

转炉煤气是转炉冶炼时产出的重要能源介质,提升转炉煤气热值对用户使用及平衡调度等有着重要意义。目前大多数研究都针对提升回收煤气量,而对通过调控提升煤气回收质量研究未见报道。为了在柜位回收限度内提升转炉煤气的回收质量,增加转炉煤气余热余能回收效率,结合柜位预测调控起止回收时刻,建立了转炉煤气热值优化模型。通过煤气发生量与煤气消耗量的特征分析,依据吹炼计划建立碳平衡进而开发煤气平均发生流量预测模型,与实际生产数据相比,模型精度达96%。使用Sarima模型对历史数据训练并开发煤气消耗量预测模型,模型精度达97%,结合上述模型根据吹炼开始时初始柜位建立了煤气柜位预测模型,预测吹炼周期柜位变化规律,模型精度达95%。根据历史数据拟合出CO体积分数特征曲线,方差为0.95以上。利用非线性规划优化算法,以回收煤气热值为优化目标,柜容和起止回收CO体积分数为约束条件,开发出转炉煤气起止回收时刻调控模型并编程求解得到了优化方案,提升了转炉煤气回收热值,以某钢单炉调控结果为例,调控前后回收煤气热值从6 278.3 kJ/m³提高到6 654.6 kJ/m³,并降...     

钢铁冶炼新技术讲座之七 转炉炼钢新技术(四)

5煤气回收与负能炼钢5.1技术原理氧气转炉炼钢的基本化学反应是碳、硅、元素在氧化反应中放热。[C]+[O]→CO↑[Si]+[O]→SiO2氧化反应生成大量CO燃气;燃气温度(物理热)平均为1500℃￣1600℃,燃气热值(化学潜热)平均为2100kCal/Nm3,煤气波动在7￣115Nm3/t。见表1。表1转炉煤气成分、热值和回收气体量回收煤气成分/%煤气热值回收煤气量CO CO2N2H2O2kCal/Nm3/Nm3/t67.7￣71.214.4￣1513.3￣15.80.9￣1.20.1208￣218997￣115采用煤气回收装置回收转炉烟气的化学潜热;采用余热锅炉回收烟气的物理显热。当炉气回收的总热量大于炼钢厂生…     

钒钛铁水转炉炼钢煤气回收工艺技术的优化

系统分析了冶炼含钒铁水特殊工艺条件下影响转炉煤气回收的诸多因素。通过工业试验优化了相关工序环节的操作和控制水平,如:调整活动烟罩高度,炉口微压控制,优化炼钢吹炼过程的加料制度,确保转炉煤气的平稳回收,优化造渣制度及氧枪操作方式,修订煤气回收限值等,提高了炼钢工序煤气回收水平。在半钢炼钢条件下转炉煤气回收量达119.87 m3/t,煤气热值达5 578.655 k J/m3。     

提高120t转炉煤气回收量的生产实践

对120t转炉煤气回收量进行了分析,采取降罩吹炼和合理供氧、合理控制炉口微差压、优化转炉煤气回收参数、调整副枪测温时间等措施,转炉煤气回收量由约90m3/t提高到120m3/t,最大日回收量达到126m3/t。     

转炉煤气回收及综合利用

应用炉口微差压技术，将RD阀的开度与吹炼规律结合起来，减少了外溢烟气量和吸人空气量，增加了回收时间。提高了所回收转炉煤气的质量。回收煤气φ（CO）达65％以上，最高达85％，实现了自动回收转炉煤气；制订了50000m^3转炉煤气柜验收标准；结合转炉煤气的特性，分析研究其组成成分及热值，开发了用户。标准状况下煤气回收量达到吨钢96m^3，最高为102m^3。     

转炉煤气回收规律及其影响因素研究

分析了转炉炉气成分和发生量随冶炼时间的变化规律 ,研究了转炉煤气回收量与影响因素之间的关系 ,给出了理想工况下的吨钢转炉煤气最大回收量。结果表明 ,铁水比提高1 % ,吨钢煤气回收量提高 1 0 89m3 /t;供氧强度提高 1m3 /(t·min) ,煤气回收量增加1 1 95 5m3 /t;若将煤气回收限制性条件放宽至CO≥ 3 5 %且O2 <1 % ,吨钢回收量提高1 5 2m3 /t;在理想工况下 ,转炉煤气最大回收量为 1 2 8 83m3 /t。     

提高转炉煤气回收与利用的措施

转炉煤气含CO约为60％～80％,平均热值约为8．8MJ／m3,是钢铁企业重要的二次能源,转炉煤气回收占整个转炉工序能源回收的80％～90％,提高转炉煤气回收与利用的水平,是实现负能炼钢的重要手段。我国钢铁企业转炉煤气回收利用与国外先进水平相比还有差距,     

转炉高温烟气喷吹煤粉回收煤气工业试验研究

针对目前转炉煤气低热值和回收率低的问题,提出以中国宝武武钢集团鄂城钢铁有限责任公司35 t转炉煤气回收系统为研究对象来探究制备高品质转炉煤气的新工艺。通过对比不同煤粉喷吹进入转炉汽化冷却烟道内的反应效果,来研究喷吹量对转炉煤气回收质与量的影响。结果表明:在煤气回收期,喷吹煤粉时,煤气中O_2和CO_2含量降低,CO、H2含量和煤气回收总量增加,煤气热值提高。当煤粉喷吹速率为30 kg/min时,转炉煤气中O_2和CO_2体积分数分别降低63.92%和41.19%,CO和H2体积分数分别提高20.09%、240.18%,煤气回收时间增加11.40%。因此,新工艺具有提高转炉煤气回收质和量的优点。     

要大面积推广转炉负能炼钢

转炉在炼钢过程中，需要消耗大量的能源，同时，炼钢工艺过程中产生的物理显热及CO气体，又能够通过不同的方法加以回收利用。转炉炼钢的能耗主要来自于氧气、电和水为主的动力消耗（大约为35．4kg／煤）。如果对转炉煤气和蒸汽进行回收，回收煤气的可利用热量大于实际能耗，转炉工序也就实现了负能炼钢。     

文摘

该厂在一座300吨转炉上安装了转炉气回收装置,用来回收化学能和显热,以产生蒸汽、发电、远热和热水。1983年7月开始回收转炉煤气,并通入高炉煤气内。烟气的显热用作远程供热,于1980年11月投产。安装了60t/h蒸汽锅炉,38巴,420℃,产生的蒸汽供给本公司发电厂。通过发电厂的换热器产生110/90℃的热水。平均每炉回收时间为11.5min,每炉钢产生煤气25000m~3,按煤气CO平均含量60％计算,炉气热值为7660kJ/m~3,每炉回收热量193GJ或0.64GJ/t。此外,每炉还回收蒸汽20t。图12,表1,参考文献2。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)