轻质油品脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对轻质油品的质量要求越来越高,油品的超深度脱硫己成为世界范围内急需解决的问题之一,因此脱硫技术已经成为各炼油企业的关键技术。油品非加氢脱硫技术,如氧化脱硫技术、萃取脱硫技术、吸附脱硫技术、配合脱硫技术、生物脱硫技术、烷基化脱硫技术等,因具有装置投资少,操作简单,对油品性质影响小,操作费用较低等优点,受到广泛关注,是一类较有发展前景的脱硫工艺。本文论述了非加氢脱硫技术的种类、特点及效果。     

油品中硫醚脱除技术的研究进展

综述了目前国内外硫醚脱除技术的研究现状,其中包括固体吸附、溶剂吸收、生物脱硫和催化氧化4种技术,总结了各技术的脱硫机理及其优势与弊端,并对未来油品中硫醚的脱除技术进行展望,指出:传统的单相脱硫工艺及"双脱"联合脱硫工艺已经无法满足生产的需要,应变"双脱"为"三脱";充分利用各技术的优势,将各脱硫技术有机结合,如吸附脱硫与硫醚的催化氧化技术相结合,生物脱硫与加氢技术相结合等。     

生物催化剂固定化技术的研究进展

综述了近年来在生物催化剂固定化技术研究中的一些最新方法，在此基础上提出了新的用于评价固定化技术优劣性的标准，并对所阐述各种固定化方法进行了比较，为研究和发展出更有效。更具有普适性的生物催化剂固定化技术提供必要的参考。     

脱硫技术的研究现状

由于各种油品的使用,使空气中的硫氧化物逐渐增多,严重的污染了环境。为了降低油品中的硫含量,人们研究了多种脱硫技术。介绍了氧化脱硫、加氢脱硫、生物脱硫、吸附脱硫技术的研究现状,展望了脱硫技术的发展方向。     

轻质油品脱硫技术研究进展

介绍目前国际上正在应用或开发的轻质油品脱硫新技术，阐述这些技术工艺的原理、特点及脱硫性能，并综合进行比较得出吸附法脱除油品中的含硫化合物具有操作简单、投资少、适合于深度脱硫、无污染等优点，是一项具有工业应用前景的汽油脱硫新技术。     

生物催化剂的膜固定化

合成膜以其优良的载体性能在生物催化剂的固定化中，得到愈来愈广泛的应用。本文就膜固定生物催化剂的方式和方法作了详细的阐述，并扼要地介绍了生物催化剂的膜固定化技术的发展方向。     

轻质油品中二硫化物脱除研究进展

综述了国内外轻质油品中二硫化物的脱除技术,包括吸附法、氧化法、络合法及生物法等几种脱硫方法的发展现状,阐述了各种方法在油品脱硫应用中的优缺点,并对轻质油品中二硫化物的脱硫技术发展前景做出展望,其中载体改性、络合-吸附结合、反应脱硫及生物脱硫技术有较好的发展前景。     

石油工业中的脱硫技术

随着世界各国环保意识的不断提高及对油品含硫量标准规定日趋严格,生物脱硫技术已成为脱硫领域内的研究热点之一。本文主要从生物脱硫分子生物学和嗜热脱硫细菌两个方面介绍了国内外近年来的研究进展。     

基于杂多酸的高效氧化脱硫催化剂的合成及应用

与传统的加氢脱硫(HDS)技术相比,氧化脱硫(ODS)对于油品的深度脱硫是一种极具发展前景的技术。综述了基于杂多酸的各种催化剂用于燃料油氧化脱硫的研究进展,重点介绍了杂多酸离子液体催化剂和以二氧化硅、金属-有机骨架材料、高分子材料、磁性纳米颗粒及碳材料等为载体的负载型杂多酸催化剂的特点及脱硫效果。最后指出氧化脱硫技术是未来最有希望实现零硫目标的脱硫技术。     

石油生物脱硫的微生物学研究进展

原油硫含量的持续上升和环保法规的日益严格推动了石油生物脱硫的研究。本文介绍了过去几年国外在这方面的研究进展,突出了从脱硫菌种的微生物学和基因学等角度对石油生物脱硫过程及生物催化剂的性能改善的研究,并对生物脱硫技术的应用前景及存在的问题提出了看法。     

生物催化石油脱硫技术进展

介绍了生物催化石油脱硫技术的基础研究进展，包括生物催化脱硫机理、生物催化剂的制备及其性能改善、生物脱硫技术工业化应用前景等，并指出了目前存在的问题。认为随着近年来生物酶化学、遗传学、生物工程等学科的发展，预计生物脱硫技术在不久的将来实现工业化是可能的。     

柴油生物脱硫技术研究进展

介绍了柴油生物脱硫机理、生物反应器及乳化液相分离 ,特别是生物催化剂等方面研究的最新进展。对生物脱硫技术的工业化应用现状和前景作了分析展望 ,提出了生物技术在炼油工业中的应用方向。     

石油生物催化深度脱硫

简要综术字国外石油生物催化脱硫研究的新进展,介绍了生物催化脱硫的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Emerging tools,enabling technologies,and future opportunities for the bioproduction of aromatic chemicals

Aromatic compounds, which are traditionally derived from petroleum feedstocks, represent a diverse class of molecules with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. Significant progress has been made to alternatively and sustainably produce many aromatics from renewable substrates using microbial biocatalysts. While the construction of both natural and non-natural pathways has expanded the number and diversity of aromatic bioproducts, pathway modularization in both single- and multi-strain systems continues to support the enhancement of key production metrics towards economically-viable levels. Emerging tools for implementing more precise metabolic control (e.g. CRISPRi, sRNA) as well as the engineering of novel high-throughput screening platforms utilizing in vivo aromatic biosensors, meanwhile, continue to facilitate further optimization of both pathways and hosts. While product toxicity persists as a key challenge limiting the production of many aromatics, various successful strategies have been demonstrated towards improving tolerance, including via membrane and efflux pump engineering as well as by exploiting alternative production hosts. Finally, as a further step towards sustainable and economical aromatic bioproduction, non-model substrates including lignin-derived compounds continue to emerge as viable feedstocks. This review highlights recent and notable achievements related to such efforts while offering future outlooks towards engineering microbial cell factories for aromatic production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

石油生物脱硫过程和反应器的研究进展

综述了近年来石油生物催化脱硫反应器的研究进展,介绍了搅拌釜反应器、气升式反应器、流化床反应器、固定床反应器等生物脱硫反应器的特点和应用状况,并分析其发展趋势.同时介绍了石油生物脱硫用于工业化的一般过程,提出了当前需要解决的问题并对今后的研究工作进行展望.     

Integration of flocculation and adsorptive immobilization of Pseudomonas delafieldii R‐8 for diesel oil biodesulfurization

BACKGROUND: Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels is receiving increasing worldwide attention because of the increasingly stringent regulations to meet the requirement of environmental protection. Biodesulfurization (BDS) is being explored as either an alternative or complementary process to the conventional oil refining technologies. The whole cell immobilization technique is of great importance for accelerating the industrialization of BDS. An effective technique for a BDS process employing flocculation and integration with immobilization was developed. RESULTS: Pseudomonas delafieldii R‐8 cells were successfully flocculated and immobilized by directly adding chitosan and celite into the culture broth. The one‐step immobilized R‐8 cells exhibited good catalytic activity and retained at least 85% activity after six cycles of repeated‐batch desulfurization. Extensive biodesulfurization of diesel oil resulted in 82% reduction of total sulfur from 123 to 22 µg g^?1 in 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: A novel and simple technique was developed using chitosan flocculation and integration with cell immobilization onto celite for dibenzothiophene BDS. The present report indicates that integration of flocculation and immobilization may provide a continuous and efficient method of BDS. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Process and Catalyst Needs for Hydrodenitrogenation

During the last decade there has been increased interest in the production of synthetic fuels and chemicals feedstocks from coal and oil shale due to declining petroleum reserves. Table 1 gives the projected gasoline to mid-distillate ratio through the year 2000 and beyond; the shift is away from high-octane fuels requiring a relatively high aromatics content and a relatively low hydrogen content to highly paraffin-based fuels having a high hydrogen content. Figure 1 shows the projected United States energy supply and demand through the year 1990 [2], Current petroleum production in the contiguous United States is about 9 million bbl/day and has declined at a rate of about 0.5 million bbl/day per year for a number of years. Alaskan oil will arrest this decline in production briefly but will not make up for even the loss in the rate of petroleum production incurred in the contiguous 48 states during the last 5 years. In all probability, declining production from current oil fields will not be offset by further new discoveries, and thus the United States will become increasingly dependent on foreign oil. Further, petroleum feedstocks are becoming harder to process as crude quality decreases, and as it becomes more and more necessary to process the bottom of the barrel. Declining oil supply in the face of increasing demand will ultimately require that some of the projected gap be made up with synthetics made from coal and oil shale. Such synthetic feedstocks and heavier petroleum fractions contain higher concentrations of nitrogen than light petroleum stocks, are decidedly more difficult to process, and will place increasing demands on hydroprocessing catalysts and processes.     

Process and Catalyst Needs for Hydrodenitrogenation

During the last decade there has been increased interest in the production of synthetic fuels and chemicals feedstocks from coal and oil shale due to declining petroleum reserves. Table 1 gives the projected gasoline to mid-distillate ratio through the year 2000 and beyond; the shift is away from high-octane fuels requiring a relatively high aromatics content and a relatively low hydrogen content to highly paraffin-based fuels having a high hydrogen content. Figure 1 shows the projected United States energy supply and demand through the year 1990 [2], Current petroleum production in the contiguous United States is about 9 million bbl/day and has declined at a rate of about 0.5 million bbl/day per year for a number of years. Alaskan oil will arrest this decline in production briefly but will not make up for even the loss in the rate of petroleum production incurred in the contiguous 48 states during the last 5 years. In all probability, declining production from current oil fields will not be offset by further new discoveries, and thus the United States will become increasingly dependent on foreign oil. Further, petroleum feedstocks are becoming harder to process as crude quality decreases, and as it becomes more and more necessary to process the bottom of the barrel. Declining oil supply in the face of increasing demand will ultimately require that some of the projected gap be made up with synthetics made from coal and oil shale. Such synthetic feedstocks and heavier petroleum fractions contain higher concentrations of nitrogen than light petroleum stocks, are decidedly more difficult to process, and will place increasing demands on hydroprocessing catalysts and processes.     

Recent Progress in Biocatalysis with Enzymes Immobilized on Mesoporous Hosts

Enzymes are highly desirable in green and sustainable chemistry. One of the major issues in biocatalysis is enzyme stabilization under in vitro process conditions and catalyst recycling. In recent years, mesoporous materials have been extensively explored as supports for immobilization of enzymes. This review describes the recent developments in enzyme immobilization in mesoporous materials and their potential applications as biocatalysts in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.     

Characterization of heavy petroleum feedstocks

Characterization of key heavy petroleum feedstock properties is important for optimizing the production of clean transportation fuels. A correlation-based method has been developed to accurately estimate the aromatic carbon and total hydrogen content of heavy petroleum feedstocks. The new characterization methodology is significantly superior to existing methods in that it is applicable to all types of heavy petroleum feedstocks, uses only two (most) commonly measured bulk petroleum properties and is more accurate. The new method has been validated via analysis of an unprecedented number (three hundred and fifty four) of heavy petroleum feedstocks with an extremely broad range of properties.