用TEM和AFM方法研究猪皮胶原纤维在酶作用下精细结构的变化

通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描探针显微镜(AFM)相结合对猪皮纤维精细结构在酶作用下的变化进行了研究和定量分析，应用扫描探针显微镜并结合透射电子显微镜对酶处理猪皮的原纤维层次的精细结构进行了深入研究，对原纤维的三维结构信息在酶处理后的变化进行了量化表征，得到关于猪皮组织中原纤维、微纤维精细结构在蛋白水解酶作用下的主要变化特征的信息，并分析了其与酶脱毛工艺制成革力学性能的关系。     

六方相NaEuF4纳米纺锤体和纳米棒的水热控制合成

通过一种简单的水热方法,在较低的温度下合成了六方相NaEuF4纳米纺锤体和纳米棒.通过对F^-/Eu^3＋摩尔比、母体溶液pH值和反应时间的控制,实现了对产物形貌的控制合成.用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨电子显微镜（HRTEM）等对样品的形貌和晶体结构进行表征.结果显示,反应条件对其形貌和尺寸的影响很大,添加的螯合剂EDTA对产物形貌和纯度至关重要.用稳态荧光光谱仪分析其光学性能,在室温下观察到了橙色和红色发光.     

AgCl光催化降解直接湖蓝5B的研究

制备了AgCl光催化剂,利用扫描电子显微镜、XRD及紫外可见漫反射光谱对其进行了表征,通过直接湖蓝5B在不同光源下的光催化降解评价了其光催化活性.结果表明,AgCl在紫外光和模拟阳光下都具有很高的光催化活性.     

镀金和镀锡表面的微动效应

以金和锡作为贵金属镀层和非贵金属镀层的代表,进行不涂和涂覆润滑剂的微动实验,除测量接触电阻外,还在扫描电子显微镜和Ｘ射线能谱仪下对接触区域进行了观察和分析。     

Inconel 625合金的室温低周疲劳与断裂行为

为了对Inconel 625合金构件的抗疲劳设计提供可靠的理论依据,在室温下对Inconel 625合金进行了轴向总应变幅控制的低周疲劳实验,分析了室温下合金的应变疲劳寿命和循环应力应变数据,进而给出了合金的应变疲劳参数.采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对Inconel 625合金试样进行了断口形貌分析和微观组织观察.结果表明,Inconel 625合金在室温下的弹性应变幅和塑性应变幅与载荷反向周次的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式来描述.在室温疲劳变形过程中,Inconel 625合金会发生循环硬化和循环软化.合金的低周疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式萌生于疲劳试样的自由表面,并以穿晶方式扩展.     

水热法制备氧化锌空心球及其电化学性能的研究

以硝酸锌为原料,六次甲基四胺为沉淀剂,聚乙烯吡络烷酮为表面活性剂,利用水热法制备了氧化锌空心球。研究了不同聚乙烯吡络烷酮用量对空心球形貌的影响。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征,通过循环伏安测试和恒电流充放电测试对产物进行了电化学测试。结果表明,产物粒径均一,为纯六方晶型的空心结构。当聚乙烯吡络烷酮含量0.13 g时,氧化锌空心球形貌最佳。电化学测试结果表明,在5 mV/s的扫描速率下,比容量可达到241.6 F/g;在0.5 A/g的充放电电流密度下,比容量为137.467 F/g。     

分级结构纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热合成法,以Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O和NaOH为原料,糊精为形貌控制剂,在120℃条件下合成了纳米ZnO样品.利用粉末X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜对所合成的ZnO样品进行了结构和形貌的表征.分析结果表明,所合成的ZnO样品具有六方纤锌矿结构,且样品中含有大量由ZnO纳米片组装而成的"花状"分级结构纳米颗粒,花状分级结构中纳米片的平均厚度约50 nm.光催化降解实验结果表明,所合成的花状分级结构纳米ZnO具有很好的光催化性能.     

多壁碳纳米管负载ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶法,以醋酸锌和硝酸处理过的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）为主要原料,制备了MWCNTs-ZnO光催化复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段研究了制得样品的形态结构;通过紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-vis）,在紫外光照射下,分析比较了MWCNTs-ZnO复合材料、MWCNTs和ZnO的混合物以及纯ZnO对甲基橙光催化降解的性能。结果表明：在相同条件下MWCNTs-ZnO复合催化剂对甲基橙光降解有着最高的光催化活性。讨论了复合催化剂用量、重复使用等因素对甲基橙光催化降解效果的影响,并就复合催化剂的抗光腐蚀机制进行了初步的探讨。     

环境压力对硅纳米线及硅微米晶须生长的影响

用物理热蒸发法在不同环境压力下制备硅纳米线和硅微米晶须，借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析和透射电子显微镜对不同环境压力下的硅纳米线及硅微米晶须的形貌、化学成分和晶体结构进行分析，研究了环境压力对硅纳米线和硅微米晶须生长的影响，结果表明：平行排列的硅纳米线和硅微米晶须生长的环境压力为13．3kPa；环境压力不但对硅纳米线和硅微米晶须直径产生影响，而且对其生长方向性有一定影响；硅微米晶须杆部出现等距离分布单晶硅颗粒，这是在高温退火过程中发生的球化作用所致。     

感应加热条件下涂层与基材在界面上的相互作用

在感应加热重熔属于传导式内加热的结论下,通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱成份分析等手段,对感应重熔熔敷层与基材之间在界面上的相互作用进行了研究,证实了涂层与基材的冶金结合性质。     

Relations of abrasion resistance and hardness of 16Cr-3C white irons with retained austenite content

The relationship between the retained austenite content of the matrix in 16Cr-3C white irons and the abrasion resistance was investigated. The results show that: (1) the abrasion resistance can be improved by sub-critical heat treatment, which could be attributed to the decrease of the retained austenite content; (2) both the abrasion resistance and hardness can be improved by controlling the retained austenite content below 20%-30% and arrive at the maximum when the retained austenite content is reduced to about 10%; (3) the abrasion resistance decreases abruptly once the retained austenite content is lower than 10%, which stems from both the in situ transformation of (Fe, Cr)23C6 to M3C carbides and the formation of pearlitic matrix.     

微合金贝氏体抗磨钢及其性能研究

用金属类生态环境材料的研究思路 ,设计抗磨钢材料成分 ,确定其产品制备工艺 ,将微合金化理论与控铸控冷工艺相结合 ,即能获得贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体基体组织。不仅可减少资源和能源消耗 ,提高金属材料的循环再生利用率 ,有效合理地利用地球上的富有资源 ,保持资源平衡 ,而且使产品的制造工艺及设备简单 ,易于操作控制 ,为成功地生产成本低廉、综合性能优良的新型微合金贝氏体抗磨钢件提供了有实用价值的理论及数据。     

Influence of isothermal bainitic processing on the mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of TRIP steel

The mechanical properties of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel are strongly affected by the conditions of iso-thermal bainitic processing. The multiphase microstructure of TRIP steel under different conditions of isothermal bainitic processing was investigated using OM, SEM, XRD and TEM. The volume fraction of retained anstenite and the carbon content in anstenite were determined quantitatively using X-ray diffraction patterns. The relationship between mechanical properties and isothermal bainitic processing parameters was investigated. The stability of retained anstenite was analyzed by the volume fraction of retained austenite and the carbon content in retained anstenite. The experimental results show that the multiphase microstructure consists of ferrite,bainite and metastable retained austenite. To obtain good mechanical properties, the optimal conditions of isothermal bainitic tem-perature and holding time are 410-430℃ and 180-240 s, respectively. After isothermal bainitic processing under the optimal condi-tions, the corresponding volume fraction of retained anstenite is 5vol%-15vol%, which can provide enough retained austenite and plastic stability for austenite with high carbon content.     

高强度低合金空冷贝氏体铸钢

采用正交实验方法,以硅、锰为主要合金元素,加入少量铬和硼,并用适量钛和稀土进行复合变质处理,在空冷淬火条件下,获得了强度超过2000 MPa,硬度超过55 HRC,冲击韧性大于30 J/cm2和断裂韧性大于70 MPa.m1/2的贝氏体铸钢,在销盘磨损和冲击磨损条件下,都具有优良的耐磨性。空冷贝氏体铸钢生产工艺简单,成本低廉,可用于制造颚板和锤头等产品,使用寿命比高锰钢高1—6倍。     

20MnVBH钢等温淬火的组织和性能

试验研究了20MnVBH钢经不同温度等温淬火后的组织和性能.结果表明:20MnVBH钢的中温组织是以粒状贝氏体为主的贝氏体混合组织,且随等温温度的降低,粒状组织减少,粒状贝氏体量增加,其含量与形态对性能起主要作用.     

Effects of Si on the stability of retained austenite and temper embrittlement of ultrahigh strength steels

Effects of silicon(Si)content on the stability of retained austenite and temper embrittlement of ultrahigh strength steels were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and other experimental methods.The results show that Si can suppress temper embrittlement,improve temper resistance,and hinder the decomposition of retained austenite.Reversed austenite appears gradually with the increase of Si content during tempering.Si has a significant effect on enhancing carbon(C)partitioning and improving the stability of retained austenite.Si and C atoms are mutually exclusive in lath bainite,while they attract each other in austenite.g-carbides are found in 1.8wt％ Si steel tempered at 250℃,and they get coarsened obviously when tempered at 400℃,leading to temper embrittlement.Not ε-carbides but acicular or lath carbides lead to temper embrittlement in 0.4wt％ Si steel,which can be inferred as cementites and composite compounds.Temper embrittlement is closely related to the decomposition of retained austenite and the formation of reversed austenite.     

NR360贝氏体耐磨钢板的组织与性能

研究南钢NR360贝氏体耐磨钢板的组织、力学性能、耐磨性能及焊接性能。结果表明,NR360耐磨钢板的组织为板条状的无碳化物贝氏体及残余奥氏体组织,该钢板具有较高的屈服强度、抗拉强度,及良好的韧性。钢板的耐磨性好,在滑动磨损试验下,钢板的磨损机制主要为微切削与犁沟机制。焊接接头中焊缝组织主要为块状和针状铁素体组织,热影响区组织为细化的板条贝氏体与马氏体组织。焊接接头具有良好的强韧性,热影响区的硬度与耐磨钢基体相近。     

中碳低合金复相组织抗磨钢锤头的研制

研制出了一种中碳低合金复相组织抗磨钢锤头，其组织为：贝氏体 马氏体 奥氏体，HRC＞50，ak＞55J／cm2，抗磨性比ZGMnl3提高90％以上．     

Effect of Direct Quenching and Partitioning Treatment on Mechanical Properties of a Hot Rolled Strip Steel

Three different online heat treatment processes were designed to study the effects on the mechanical properties of a 0.19C-1.6Si-1.6Mn(wt%) hot rolled strip steel.The microstructures were characterized by means of SEM,TEM,EPMA,and XRD.The mechanical properties were estimated by tensile tests.Results showed that a satisfying combination of strength and ductility could be obtained through the ferrite relaxation and direct quenching and partitioning process.Analysis was also focused on this process.The microstructure contained proeutectoid ferrite grains,martensite packets and blocky or interlath retained austenite,and also contained carbide-free bainite in the case of relatively high quench temperatures.The retained austenite fraction was increased through proeutectoid ferrite and partial bainite transformation,while the tensile strength was also consequently decreased.The most of retained austenite transformed to ferrite under deformation and the elongation was obviously improved.     

低,中碳合金钢中的马氏体与贝氏体形态

本文主要介绍低、中碳合金钢中的马氏体除局部区域因成份偏析呈孪晶亚结构外,主要是位错亚结构的板条马氏体。低碳合金钢的中温转变组织主要有三类,即粒状组织、上贝氏体和下贝氏体。其中上贝氏体又分为粒状贝氏体、准上贝氏体和典型下贝氏体;下贝氏体又有准下贝氏体、变态下贝氏体和典型下贝氏体。中碳合金钢的中温转变组织只有上、下贝氏体,其中上贝氏体又分为准上贝氏体和典型上贝氏体,而下贝体则包括准下贝氏体、变态下贝氏体和典型下贝氏体。