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1.
Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries because potassium is an abundant natural resource. To date, PIBs are in the early stages of exploration and only a few anode materials have been investigated. This study reports a cobalt sulfide and graphene (CoS@G) composite as anode electrode for PIBs for the first time. The composite features interconnect quantum dots of CoS nanoclusters uniformly anchored on graphene nanosheets. The coexistence of CoS quantum dot nanoclusters and graphene nanosheets endows the composite with large surface area, highly conductive network, robust structural stability, and excellent electrochemical energy storage performance. An unprecedented capacity of 310.8 mA h g?1 at 500 mA g?1 is obtained after 100 cycles, with a rate capability better than an equivalent sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). This work provides the evidence that PIBs can be a promising alternative to SIBs, especially at high charge–discharge rates. The development of the CoS@G anode material also provides the basis of expanding the library of suitable anode materials for PIBs.  相似文献   

2.
Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as the best alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost and similar Na+ insertion chemistry. It is still challenging but greatly desired to design and develop novel electrode materials with high reversible capacity, long cycling life, and good rate capability toward high‐performance SIBs. This work demonstrates an innovative design strategy and a development of few‐layered molybdenum disulfide/sulfur‐doped graphene nanosheets (MoS2/SG) composites as the SIB anode material providing a high specific capacity of 587 mA h g?1 calculated based on the total composite mass and an extremely long cycling stability over 1000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g?1 with a high capacity retention of ≈85%. Systematic characterizations reveal that the outstanding performance is mainly attributed to the unique and robust composite architecture where few‐layered MoS2 and S‐doped graphene are intimately bridged at the hetero‐interface through a synergistic coupling effect via the covalently doped S atoms. The design strategy and mechanism understanding at the molecular level outlined here can be readily applied to other layered transition metal oxides for SIBs anode and play a key role in contributing to the development of high‐performance SIBs.  相似文献   

3.
Na‐ion Batteries have been considered as promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries due to the natural abundance of sodium resources. Searching for high‐performance anode materials currently becomes a hot topic and also a great challenge for developing Na‐ion batteries. In this work, a novel hybrid anode is synthesized consisting of ultrafine, few‐layered SnS2 anchored on few‐layered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by a facile solvothermal route. The SnS2/rGO hybrid exhibits a high capacity, ultralong cycle life, and superior rate capability. The hybrid can deliver a high charge capacity of 649 mAh g?1 at 100 mA g?1. At 800 mA g?1 (1.8 C), it can yield an initial charge capacity of 469 mAh g?1, which can be maintained at 89% and 61%, respectively, after 400 and 1000 cycles. The hybrid can also sustain a current density up to 12.8 A g?1 (≈28 C) where the charge process can be completed in only 1.3 min while still delivering a charge capacity of 337 mAh g?1. The fast and stable Na‐storage ability of SnS2/rGO makes it a promising anode for Na‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

4.
With the increasing demand for low cost, long lifetime, high energy density storage systems, an extensive amount of effort has recently been focused on the development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), and a variety of cathode materials have been discovered. However, looking for the most suitable anode material for practical application is a major challenge for SIBs. Herein, a high capacity sulfur‐doped black phosphorus‐TiO2 (TiO2‐BP‐S) anode material for SIBs is first synthesized by a feasible and large‐scale high‐energy ball‐milling approach, and its stability in air exposure is investigated through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology of TiO2‐BP‐S is characterized using transmission electron microscopy, indicating that the TiO2 nanoparticles produce P? Ti bonds with BP. The TiO2‐BP‐S composite with P? S and P? Ti bonds exhibits excellent stability in air and the superior electrochemical performance. For example, the discharge specific capacity is up to 490 mA h g?1 after 100 cycles at 50 mA g?1, and it remains at 290 mA h g?1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g?1. Meanwhile, the scientific insight that the formation of stable P? S and P? Ti bonds can provide a guide for the practical large‐scale application of SIBs in other titanium base and black phosphorus materials is looked forward.  相似文献   

5.
Germanium is considered as a promising anode material because of its comparable lithium and sodium storage capability, but it usually exhibits poor cycling stability due to the large volume variation during lithium or sodium uptake and release processes. In this paper, germanium@graphene nanofibers are first obtained through electrospinning followed by calcination. Then atomic layer deposition is used to fabricate germanium@graphene@TiO2 core–shell nanofibers (Ge@G@TiO2 NFs) as anode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs). Graphene and TiO2 can double protect the germanium nanofibers in charge and discharge processes. The Ge@G@TiO2 NFs composite as an anode material is versatile and exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance for LIBs and SIBs. The capacity of the Ge@G@TiO2 NFs composite can be maintained at 1050 mA h g?1 (100th cycle) and 182 mA h g?1 (250th cycle) for LIBs and SIBs, respectively, at a current density of 100 mA g?1, showing high capacity and good cycling stability (much better than that of Ge nanofibers or Ge@G nanofibers).  相似文献   

6.
Metal oxide‐based nanomaterials are widely studied because of their high‐energy densities as anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. However, the fast capacity degradation resulting from the large volume expansion upon lithiation hinders their practical application. In this work, the preparation of walnut‐like multicore–shell MnO encapsulated nitrogen‐rich carbon nanocapsules (MnO@NC) is reported via a facile and eco‐friendly process for long‐cycling Li‐ion batteries. In this hybrid structure, MnO nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed inside carbon nanoshells, which can simultaneously act as a conductive framework and also a protective buffer layer to restrain the volume variation. The MnO@NC nanocapsules show remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium‐ion batteries, exhibiting high reversible capability (762 mAh g?1 at 100 mA g?1) and stable cycling life (624 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g?1). In addition, the soft‐packed full batteries based on MnO@NC nanocapsules anodes and commercial LiFePO4 cathodes present good flexibility and cycling stability.  相似文献   

7.
This study reports the design and fabrication of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets@metal organic framework‐derived N‐doped carbon nanowall array hybrids on flexible carbon cloth (CC@CN@MoS2) as a free‐standing anode for high‐performance sodium ion batteries. When evaluated as an anode for sodium ion battery, the as‐fabricated CC@CN@MoS2 electrode exhibits a high capacity (653.9 mA h g?1 of the second cycle and 619.2 mA h g?1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g?1), excellent rate capability, and long cycling life stability (265 mA h g?1 at 1 A g?1 after 1000 cycles). The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique 2D hybrid structures, in which the ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with expanded interlayers can provide shortened ion diffusion paths and favorable Na+ insertion/extraction space, and the porous N‐doped carbon nanowall arrays on flexible carbon cloth are able to improve the conductivity and maintain the structural integrity. Moreover, the N‐doping‐induced defects also make them favorable for the effective storage of sodium ions, which enables the enhanced capacity and rate performance of MoS2.  相似文献   

8.
On account of increasing demand for energy storage devices, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with abundant reserve, low cost, and similar electrochemical properties have the potential to partly replace the commercial lithium‐ion batteries. In this study, a facile metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived selenidation strategy to synthesize in situ carbon‐encapsulated selenides as superior anode for SIBs is rationally designed. These selenides with particular micro‐ and nanostructured features deliver ultrastable cycling performance at high charge–discharge rate and demonstrate ultraexcellent rate capability. For example, the uniform peapod‐like Fe7Se8@C nanorods represent a high specific capacity of 218 mAh g?1 after 500 cycles at 3 A g?1 and the porous NiSe@C spheres display a high specific capacity of 160 mAh g?1 after 2000 cycles at 3 A g?1. The current simple MOF‐derived method could be a promising strategy for boosting the development of new functional inorganic materials for energy storage, catalysis, and sensors.  相似文献   

9.
To develop high‐performance anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) instead of commercial graphite for practical applications, herein, a layer of silicon has been well‐anchored onto a 3D graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogels (CAs) framework with face‐to‐face contact and balanced open void by a simple chemical vapor deposition strategy. The engineered contact interface between CAs and Si creates high‐efficiency channels for the rapid electrons and lithium ions transport, and meanwhile, the balanced open‐void allows the free expansion of Si during cycling while maintaining high structural integrity due to the robust mechanical strength of 3D CAs framework. As a consequence, the as‐synthesized Si/CAs nanohybrids are highly stable anode materials for LIBs with a high reversible discharge capacity (1498 mAh g?1 at 200 mA g?1) and excellent rate capability (462 mAh g?1 at 10 000 mA g?1), which is much better than Si/graphene‐CNTs‐mixture (51 mAh g?1 at 10 000 mA g?1). More significantly, it is found that the Si/CAs nanohybrids display no obvious capacity decline even after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 10 000 mA g?1. The present Si/CAs nanohybrids are one of the most stable Si‐based anode materials ever reported for LIBs to date.  相似文献   

10.
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries for a broader range of energy storage applications in the future. However, the development of high‐performance anode materials is a bottleneck of SIBs advancement. In this work, Sb2Se3 nanorods uniformly wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a promising anode material for SIBs are reported. The results show that such Sb2Se3/rGO hybrid anode yields a high reversible mass‐specific energy capacity of 682, 448, and 386 mAh g?1 at a rate of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 A g?1, respectively, and sustains at least 500 stable cycles at a rate of 1.0 A g?1 with an average mass‐specific energy capacity of 417 mAh g?1 and capacity retention of 90.2%. In situ X‐ray diffraction study on a live SIB cell reveals that the observed high performance is a result of the combined Na+ intercalation, conversion reaction between Na+ and Se, and alloying reaction between Na+ and Sb. The presence of rGO also plays a key role in achieving high rate capacity and cycle stability by providing good electrical conductivity, tolerant accommodation to volume change, and strong electron interactions to the base Sb2Se3 anode.  相似文献   

11.
Heterostructuring electrodes with multiple electroactive and inactive supporting components to simultaneously satisfy electrochemical and structural requirements has recently been identified as a viable pathway to achieve high‐capacity and durable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here, a new design of heterostructured SIB anode is reported consisting of double metal‐sulfide (SnCo)S2 nanocubes interlaced with 2D sulfur‐doped graphene (SG) nanosheets. The heterostructured (SnCo)S2/SG nanocubes exhibit an excellent rate capability (469 mAh g?1 at 10.0 A g?1) and durability (5000 cycles, 487 mAh g?1 at 5.0 A g?1, 92.6% capacity retention). In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that the (SnCo)S2/SG anode undergoes a six‐stage Na+ storage mechanism of combined intercalation, conversion, and alloying reactions. The first‐principle density functional theory calculations suggest high concentration of p–n heterojunctions at SnS2/CoS2 interfaces responsible for the high rate performance, while in situ transmission electron microscopy unveils that the interlacing and elastic SG nanosheets play a key role in extending the cycle life.  相似文献   

12.
MoSe2 grown on N,P‐co‐doped carbon nanosheets is synthesized by a solvothermal reaction followed with a high‐temperature calcination. This composite has an interlayer spacing of MoSe2 expanded to facilitate sodium‐ion diffusion, MoSe2 immobilized on carbon nanosheets to improve charge‐transfer kinetics, and N and P incorporated into carbon to enhance its interaction with active species upon cycling. These features greatly improve the electrochemical performance of this composite, as compared to all the controls. It presents a specific capacity of 378 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g?1, corresponding to 87% of the capacity at the second cycle. Ex situ Raman spectra and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images confirm that it is element Se, rather than MoSe2, formed after the charging process. The interaction of the active species with modified carbon is simulated using density functional theory to explain this excellent stability. The superior rate capability, where the capacity at 15 A g?1 equals ≈55% of that at 0.5 A g?1, could be associated with the significant contribution of pseudocapacitance. By pairing with homemade Na3V2(PO4)3/C, this composite also exhibits excellent performances in full cells.  相似文献   

13.
Transition‐metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising anodes of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Their practical SIB application calls for an easy‐to‐handle synthetic technique capable of fabricating favorable properties with high conductivity and stable structure. Here, a solvothermal strategy is reported for bottom‐up self‐assembling of nanoflowers' building block, i.e., conductive interlayer‐expanded 2D WS2 nanosheets thanks to in situ interlayer modification by nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix, into 3D hollow microflower bud‐like hybrids (H‐WS2@NC). The 3D nano/microhierarchical hollow structures are constructed by conductive interlayer‐expanded WS2 nanosheets' building blocks, providing abundant channels facilitating mass transport/electrons transfer, robust protection layer to avoid the direct contact between WS2 nanosheets and electrolyte, sufficient inner space for accommodating volume variation, and decreased ions diffusion energy barrier for accelerating electrochemical kinetics, as revealed by density functional theory calculations. As such, the 3D H‐WS2@NC hybrids exhibit quite attractive sodium storage performance with high reversible capacity, superior rate capability, and impressively long cycling life. The 3D H‐WS2@NC is further verified as anode of sodium‐ion full cell pairing with Na3V2(PO4)3/rGO cathode, delivering a stable reversible capacity of 296 mAh g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 with high energy density of 128 Wh kg?1total at a power density of 386 W kg?1total.  相似文献   

14.
Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are new‐concept of low‐cost secondary batteries, but the sluggish kinetics and huge volume expansion during cycling, both rooted in the size of large K ions, lead to poor electrochemical behavior. Here, a bamboo‐like MoS2/N‐doped‐C hollow tubes are presented with an expanded interlayer distance of 10 Å as a high‐capacity and stable anode material for KIBs. The bamboo‐like structure provides gaps along axial direction in addition to inner cylinder hollow space to mitigate the strains in both radial and vertical directions that ultimately leads to a high structural integrity for stable long‐term cycling. Apart from being a constituent of the interstratified structure the N‐doped‐C layers weave a cage to hold the potassiation products (polysulfide and the Mo nanoparticles) together, thereby effectively hindering the continuing growth of solid electrolyte interphase in the interior of particles. The density functional theory calculations prove that the MoS2/N‐doped‐C atomic interface can provide an additional attraction toward potassium ion. As a result, it delivers a high capacity at a low current density (330 mAh g?1 at 50 mA g?1 after 50 cycles) and a high‐capacity retention at a high current density (151 mAh g?1 at 500 mA g?1 after 1000 cycles).  相似文献   

15.
This work studies for the first time the metallic 1T MoS2 sandwich grown on graphene tube as a freestanding intercalation anode for promising sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Sodium is earth‐abundant and readily accessible. Compared to lithium, the main challenge of sodium‐ion batteries is its sluggish ion diffusion kinetic. The freestanding, porous, hollow structure of the electrode allows maximum electrolyte accessibility to benefit the transportation of Na+ ions. Meanwhile, the metallic MoS2 provides excellent electron conductivity. The obtained 1T MoS2 electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance: a high reversible capacity of 313 mAh g?1 at a current density of 0.05 A g?1 after 200 cycles and a high rate capability of 175 mAh g?1 at 2 A g?1. The underlying mechanism of high rate performance of 1T MoS2 for SIBs is the high electrical conductivity and excellent ion accessibility. This study sheds light on using the 1T MoS2 as a novel anode for SIBs.  相似文献   

16.
Flexible freestanding electrodes are highly desired to realize wearable/flexible batteries as required for the design and production of flexible electronic devices. Here, the excellent electrochemical performance and inherent flexibility of atomically thin 2D MoS2 along with the self‐assembly properties of liquid crystalline graphene oxide (LCGO) dispersion are exploited to fabricate a porous anode for high‐performance lithium ion batteries. Flexible, free‐standing MoS2–reduced graphene oxide (MG) film with a 3D porous structure is fabricated via a facile spontaneous self‐assembly process and subsequent freeze‐drying. This is the first report of a one‐pot self‐assembly, gelation, and subsequent reduction of MoS2/LCGO composite to form a flexible, high performance electrode for charge storage. The gelation process occurs directly in the mixed dispersion of MoS2 and LCGO nanosheets at a low temperature (70 °C) and normal atmosphere (1 atm). The MG film with 75 wt% of MoS2 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 800 mAh g?1 at a current density of 100 mA g?1. It also demonstrates excellent rate capability, and excellent cycling stability with no capacity drop over 500 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 400 mA g?1.  相似文献   

17.
Potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (KICs) reconciling the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors have stimulated growing attention for practical energy storage because of the high abundance and low cost of potassium sources. Nevertheless, daunting challenge remains for developing high‐performance potassium accommodation materials due to the large radius of potassium ions. Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has recently been recognized as a promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries, achieving high capacity and favorable cycling stability. However, KICs based on MoSe2 are scarcely demonstrated by far. Herein, a diatomite‐templated synthetic strategy is devised to fabricate nitrogen‐doped MoSe2/graphene (N‐MoSe2/G) composites with favorable pseudocapacitive potassium storage targeting a superior anode material for KICs. Benefiting from the unique biomorphic structure, high electron/K‐ion conductivity, enriched active sites, and the conspicuous pseudocapacitive effect of N‐MoSe2/G, thus‐derived KIC full‐cell manifests high energy/power densities (maximum 119 Wh kg?1/7212 W kg?1), outperforming those of recently reported KIC counterparts. Furthermore, the potassium storage mechanism of N‐MoSe2/G composite is systematically explored with the aid of first‐principles calculations in combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ Raman spectroscopy/transmission electron microscopy/X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.  相似文献   

18.
The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of a carbon anode consumes the active sodium ions from the cathode and reduces the energy density of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a simple electrode‐level presodiation strategy by spraying a sodium naphthaline (Naph‐Na) solution onto a carbon electrode is reported, which compensates the initial sodium loss and improves the energy density of SIBs. After presodiation, an SEI layer is preformed on the surface of carbon anode before battery cycling. It is shown that a large irreversible capacity of 60 mAh g?1 is replenished and 20% increase of the first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency is achieved for a hard carbon anode using this presodiation strategy, and the energy density of a Na0.9[Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.48]O2||carbon full cell is increased from 141 to 240 Wh kg?1 by using the presodiated carbon anode. This simple and scalable electrode‐level chemical presodiation route also shows generality and value for the presodiation of other anodes in SIBs.  相似文献   

19.
2D metal nanosheets are attractive for various applications stemming from the intriguing characteristics related with their dimensionality; however, their effective and scalable preparation remains a great challenge. Herein, a scalable preparation process of relatively active metal nanosheets (e.g., Zn, Al, and Cu) with the thickness down to several nanometers at low cost is demonstrated, which involves an initial self‐folding‐rolling step followed by the subsequent ultrasonication to exfoliate them without any etching step. The native oxide on the surface of the metals, which acts as a barrier between the adjacent metal layers, plays a special role in enabling the successful preparation of 2D metal nanosheets. As a demonstration for their practicability, a hierarchical Zn anode, which is constructed by the Zn microsheets coated with carbon (Zn MS@C) via in situ carbonization of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) binder, is successfully implemented as anode for rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. When applied in symmetrical battery, the Zn MS@C delivers a long lifespan of over 800 h at 0.2 mA cm?2 with a capacity of 0.1 mA h cm?2. Importantly, the full battery of MnO2 || Zn MS@C also performs a high discharge capacity of 217.4 mA h g?1 after 140 cycles at 300 mA g?1.  相似文献   

20.
To tackle the issue of inferior cycle stability and rate capability for MnO anode materials in lithium ion batteries, a facile strategy is explored to prepare a hybrid material consisting of MnO nanocrystals grown on conductive graphene nanosheets. The prepared MnO/graphene hybrid anode exhibits a reversible capacity as high as 2014.1 mAh g?1 after 150 discharge/charge cycles at 200 mA g?1, excellent rate capability (625.8 mAh g?1 at 3000 mA g?1), and superior cyclability (843.3 mAh g?1 even after 400 discharge/charge cycles at 2000 mA g?1 with only 0.01% capacity loss per cycle). The results suggest that the reconstruction of the MnO/graphene electrodes is intrinsic due to conversion reactions. A long‐term stable nanoarchitecture of graphene‐supported ultrafine manganese oxide nanoparticles is formed upon cycling, which yields a long‐life anode material for lithium ion batteries. The lithiation and delithiation behavior suggests that the further oxidation of Mn(II ) to Mn(IV ) and the interfacial lithium storage upon cycling contribute to the enhanced specific capacity. The excellent rate capability benefits from the presence of conductive graphene and a short transportation length for both lithium ions and electrons. Moreover, the as‐formed hybrid nanostructure of MnO on graphene may help achieve faster kinetics of conversion reactions.  相似文献   

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