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1.
Sawanta S. Mali Jyoti V. Patil Hyungjin Kim HyunHoon Kim Chang Kook Hong 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(15)
Mixed‐cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become of enormous interest because of their excellent efficiency, which is now crossing 23.7%. Their broader absorption, relatively high stability with low fabrication cost compared to conventional single phase ABX3 perovskites (where A: organic cation; B: divalent metal ion; and X: halide anion) are key properties of mixed‐halide mixed‐cation perovskites. However, the controlling reaction rate and formation of extremely dense, textured, smooth, and large grains of perovskite layer is a crucial task in order to achieve highly efficient PSCs. Herein, a new simple dual‐retarded reaction processing (DRP) method is developed to synthesize a high‐quality mixed‐cation (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 (where MAPbBr3 stands for methylammonium lead bromide and FAPbI3 stands for formamidinium lead iodide) perovskite thin film via intermediate phase and incorporation of nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO). The reaction rate is retarded via two steps: first the formation of intermediate phase and second the interaction of the nitrogen groups on N‐rGO with hydrogen atoms from formamidinium cations. This DRP process allows for the fabrication of PSCs with maximum conversion efficiency higher than 20.3%. 相似文献
2.
Combination of Hybrid CVD and Cation Exchange for Upscaling Cs‐Substituted Mixed Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability
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Yan Jiang Matthew R. Leyden Longbin Qiu Shenghao Wang Luis K. Ono Zhifang Wu Emilio J. Juarez‐Perez Yabing Qi 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(1)
Mixed cation hybrid perovskites such as CsxFA1?xPbI3 are promising materials for solar cell applications, due to their excellent photoelectronic properties and improved stability. Although power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 18.16% have been reported, devices are mostly processed by the anti‐solvent method, which is difficult for further scaling‐up. Here, a method to fabricate CsxFA1?xPbI3 by performing Cs cation exchange on hybrid chemical vapor deposition grown FAPbI3 with the Cs+ ratio adjustable from 0 to 24% is reported. The champion perovskite module based on Cs0.07FA0.93PbI3 with an active area of 12.0 cm2 shows a module PCE of 14.6% and PCE loss/area of 0.17% cm?2, demonstrating the significant advantage of this method toward scaling‐up. This in‐depth study shows that when the perovskite films prepared by this method contain 6.6% Cs+ in bulk and 15.0% at the surface, that is, Cs0.07FA0.93PbI3, solar cell devices show not only significantly increased PCEs but also substantially improved stability, due to favorable energy level alignment with TiO2 electron transport layer and spiro‐MeOTAD hole transport layer, increased grain size, and improved perovskite phase stability. 相似文献
3.
Kai Wang Chang Liu Chao Yi Long Chen Jiahua Zhu R. A. Weiss Xiong Gong 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(44):6875-6884
The surface of the solution‐processed methylammonium lead tri‐iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite layer in perovskite hybrid solar cells (pero‐HSCs) tends to become rough during operation, which inevitably leads to deterioration of the contact between the perovskite layer and the charge‐extraction layers. Moreover, the low electrical conductivity of the electron extraction layer (EEL) gives rises to low electron collection efficiency and severe charge carrier recombination, resulting in energy loss during the charge‐extraction and ‐transport processes, lowering the efficiency of pero‐HSCs. To circumvent these problems, we utilize a solution‐processed ultrathin layer of a ionomer, 4‐lithium styrenesulfonic acid/styrene copolymer (LiSPS), to re‐engineer the interface of CH3NH3PbI3 in planar heterojunction (PHJ) pero‐HSCs. As a result, PHJ pero‐HSCs are achieved with an increased photocurrent density of 20.90 mA cm?2, an enlarged fill factor of 77.80%, a corresponding enhanced power conversion efficiency of 13.83%, high reproducibility, and low photocurrent hysteresis. Further investigation into the optical and electrical properties and the thin‐film morphologies of CH3NH3PbI3 with and without LiSPS, and the photophysics of the pero‐HSCs with and without LiSPS are shown. These demonstrate that the high performance of the pero‐HSCs incorporated with LiSPS can be attributed to the reduction in both the charge carrier recombination and leakage current, as well as more efficient charge carrier collection, filling of the perforations in CH3NH3PbI3, and a higher electrical conductivity of the LiSPS thin layer. These results demonstrate that our method provides a simple way to boost the efficiency of pero‐HSCs. 相似文献
4.
Boosting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with CsBr‐Modified Mesoporous TiO2 Beads as Electron‐Selective Contact
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Ji‐Youn Seo Ryusuke Uchida Hui‐Seon Kim Yasemin Saygili Jingshan Luo Chris Moore Julie Kerrod Anthony Wagstaff Mike Eklund Robert McIntyre Norman Pellet Shaik M. Zakeeruddin Anders Hagfeldt Michael Grätzel 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(15)
Rapid extraction of photogenerated charge carriers is essential to achieve high efficiencies with perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new mesoscopic architecture as electron‐selective contact for PSCs featuring 40 nm sized TiO2 beads endowed with mesopores of a few nanometer diameters is introduced. The bimodal pore distribution inherent to these films produces a very large contact area of 200 m2 g?1 whose access by the perovskite light absorber is facilitated by the interstitial voids between the particles. Modification of the TiO2 surface by CsBr further strengthens its interaction with the perovskite. As a result, photogenerated electrons are extracted rapidly producing a very high fill factor of close to 80% a VOC of 1.14 V and a PCE up to 21% with negligible hysteresis. 相似文献
5.
Chang Liu Luozheng Zhang Yan Li Xianyong Zhou Suyang She Xingzhu Wang Yanqin Tian Alex K. Y. Jen Baomin Xu 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(28)
Most of the high performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have only been achieved with two organic hole transporting materials: 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA), but their high cost and low stability caused by the hygroscopic dopant greatly hinder the commercialization of PSCs. One effective alternative to address this problem is to utilize inexpensive inorganic hole transporting layer (i‐HTL), but obtaining high efficiency via i‐HTLs has remained a challenge. Herein, a well‐designed inorganic–organic double HTL is constructed by introducing an ultrathin polymer layer dithiophene‐benzene (DTB) between CuSCN and Au contact. This strategy not only enhances the hole extraction efficiency through the formation of cascaded energy levels, but also prevents the degradation of CuSCN caused by the reaction between CuSCN and Au electrode. Furthermore, the CuSCN layer also promotes the formation of a pinhole‐free and compact DTB over layer in the CuSCN/DTB structure. Consequently, the PSCs fabricated with this CuSCN/DTB layer achieves the power conversion efficiency of 22.0% (certified: 21.7%), which is among the top efficiencies for PSCs based on dopant‐free HTLs. Moreover, the fabricated PSCs exhibit high light stability under more than 1000 h of light illumination and excellent environmental stability at high temperature (85 °C) or high relative humidity (>60% RH). 相似文献
6.
Xiang‐Dong Zhu Xing‐Juan Ma Ya‐Kun Wang Yun Li Chun‐Hong Gao Zhao‐Kui Wang Zuo‐Quan Jiang Liang‐Sheng Liao 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(5)
Hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) play a significant role in hole transport and extraction for perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). As an important type of HTMs, the spiro‐architecture‐based material is widely used as small organic HTM in PeSCs with good photovoltaic performances. The skeletal modification of spiro‐based HTMs is a critical way of modifying energy level and hole mobility. Thus, many spiro alternatives are developed to optimize the spiro‐type HTMs. Herein, a novel carbazole‐based single‐spiro‐HTM named SCZF‐5 is designed and prepared for efficient PeSCs. In addition, another single‐spiro HTM SAF‐5 with reported 10‐phenyl‐10H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9′‐fluorene] (SAF) core is also synthesized for comparison. Through varying from SAF core to SCZF core as well as comparing with the classic 9,9′‐spiro‐bifluorene, it is found that the new HTM SCZF‐5 exhibits more impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.10% than SAF‐5 (13.93%) and the commercial HTM spiro‐OMeTAD (19.11%). On the other hand, the SCZF‐5‐based device also has better durability in lifetime testing, indicating the newly designed SCZF by integrating carbazole into the spiro concept has good potential for developing effective HTMs. 相似文献
7.
Shaofu Wang Junjun Jin Yuyang Qi Pei Liu Yu Xia Yun Jiang Rong‐Xiang He Bolei Chen Yumin Liu Xing‐Zhong Zhao 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(7)
Cs/FA/MA triple cation perovskite films have been well developed in the antisolvent dripping method, attributable to its outstanding photovoltaic and stability performances. However, a facile and effective strategy is still lacking for fabricating high‐quality large‐grain triple cation perovskite films via sequential deposition method a, which is one of the key technologies for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, a δ‐CsPbI3 intermediate phase growth (CsPbI3‐IPG) assisted sequential deposition method is demonstrated for the first time. The approach not only achieves incorporation of controllable cesium into (FAPbI3)1–x(MAPbBr3)x perovskite, but also enlarges the perovskite grains, manipulates the crystallization, modulates the bandgap, and improves the stability of final perovskite films. The photovoltaic performances of the devices based on these Cs/FA/MA perovskite films with various amounts of the δ‐CsPbI3 intermediate phase are investigated systematically. Benefiting from moderate cesium incorporation and intermediate phase‐assisted grain growth, the optimized Cs/FA/MA perovskite solar cells exhibit a significantly improved power conversion efficiency and operational stability of unencapsulated devices. This facile strategy provides new insights into the compositional engineering of triple or quadruple cation perovskite materials with enlarged grains and superior stability via a sequential deposition method. 相似文献
8.
Electron‐Transport‐Layer‐Assisted Crystallization of Perovskite Films for High‐Efficiency Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
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Ying‐Chiao Wang Junwei Chang Liping Zhu Xiaodong Li Changjian Song Junfeng Fang 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(9)
Crystal engineering of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite materials through template‐directed nucleation and growth on PbI2 nuclei dispersed in a polar fullerene (C60 pyrrolidine tris‐acid, CPTA) electron transport layer (ETL) (CPTA:PbI2) is proposed as a route for controlling crystallization kinetics and grain sizes. Chemical analysis of the CPTA:PbI2 template confirms that CPTA carboxylic acid groups can form a monodentate or bidentate chelate with Pb(II), resulting in a lower nucleation barrier that promotes rapid formation of the tetragonal perovskite phase. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a uniform CH3NH3PbI3 film with highly crystalline and large domain sizes can be realized by increasing the spacing between nuclei to retard perovskite crystal growth via careful control of the preferred nucleation site distribution in the CPTA:PbI2 layer. The improved perovskite morphology possesses a long photoluminescence lifetime and efficient photocarrier transport/separation properties to eliminate the hysteresis effect. The corresponding planar heterojunction photovoltaic yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.20%, with a high fill factor (FF) of 81.13%. The average PCE and FF values for 30 devices are 19.03% ± 0.57% and 78.67% ± 2.13%, respectively. The results indicate that this ETL template‐assisted crystallization strategy can be applied to other organometal halide perovskite‐based systems. 相似文献
9.
Controlled n‐Doping in Air‐Stable CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with a Record Efficiency of 16.79%
Yu Han Huan Zhao Chenyang Duan Shaomin Yang Zhou Yang Zhike Liu Shengzhong Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(12)
Cesium‐based inorganic perovskites, such as CsPbI2Br, are promising candidates for photovoltaic applications owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and outstanding thermal stability. However, the power conversion efficiency of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower than those of hybrid PSCs and inorganic CsPbI3 PSCs. In this work, passivation and n‐type doping by adding CaCl2 to CsPbI2Br is demonstrated. The crystallinity of the CsPbI2Br perovskite film is enhanced, and the trap density is suppressed after adding CaCl2. In addition, the Fermi level of the CsPbI2Br is changed by the added CaCl2 to show heavy n‐type doping. As a result, the optimized CsPbI2Br PSC shows a highest open circuit voltage of 1.32 V and a record efficiency of 16.79%. Meanwhile, high air stability is demonstrated for a CsPbI2Br PSC with 90% of the initial efficiency remaining after more than 1000 h aging in air. 相似文献
10.
Cong Chen Yue Jiang Jiali Guo Xiayan Wu Wenhui Zhang Sujuan Wu Xingsen Gao Xiaowen Hu Qianming Wang Guofu Zhou Yiwang Chen Jun‐Ming Liu Krzysztof Kempa Jinwei Gao 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(30)
A high‐quality polycrystalline SnO2 electron‐transfer layer is synthesized through an in situ, low‐temperature, and unique butanol–water solvent‐assisted process. By choosing a mixture of butanol and water as a solvent, the crystallinity is enhanced and the crystallization temperature is lowered to 130 °C, making the process fully compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The best solar cells fabricated using these layers achieve an efficiency of 20.52% (average 19.02%) which is among the best in the class of planar n–i–p‐type perovskite (MAPbI3) solar cells. The strongly reduced crystallization temperature of the materials allows their use on a flexible substrate, with a resulting device efficiency of 18%. 相似文献
11.
Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Modules: Combination of Hybrid CVD and Cation Exchange for Upscaling Cs‐Substituted Mixed Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability (Adv. Funct. Mater. 1/2018)
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Yan Jiang Matthew R. Leyden Longbin Qiu Shenghao Wang Luis K. Ono Zhifang Wu Emilio J. Juarez‐Perez Yabing Qi 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(1)
12.
Md Arafat Mahmud The Duong Yanting Yin Huyen T. Pham Daniel Walter Jun Peng Yiliang Wu Li Li Heping Shen Nandi Wu Naeimeh Mozaffari Gunther Andersson Kylie R. Catchpole Klaus J. Weber Thomas P. White 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(7)
Defect‐mediated carrier recombination at the interfaces between perovskite and neighboring charge transport layers limits the efficiency of most state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells. Passivation of interfacial defects is thus essential for attaining cell efficiencies close to the theoretical limit. In this work, a novel double‐sided passivation of 3D perovskite films is demonstrated with thin surface layers of bulky organic cation–based halide compound forming 2D layered perovskite. Highly efficient (22.77%) mixed‐dimensional perovskite devices with a remarkable open‐circuit voltage of 1.2 V are reported for a perovskite film having an optical bandgap of ≈1.6 eV. Using a combination of experimental and numerical analyses, it is shown that the double‐sided surface layers provide effective defect passivation at both the electron and hole transport layer interfaces, suppressing surface recombination on both sides of the active layer. Despite the semi‐insulating nature of the passivation layers, an increase in the fill factor of optimized cells is observed. The efficient carrier extraction is explained by incomplete surface coverage of the 2D perovskite layer, allowing charge transport through localized unpassivated regions, similar to tunnel‐oxide passivation layers used in silicon photovoltaics. Optimization of the defect passivation properties of these films has the potential to further increase cell efficiencies. 相似文献
13.
Jinhyun Kim Alan Jiwan Yun Bumjin Gil Younghyun Lee Byungwoo Park 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(44)
Operational stability of perovskite solar cells has been a challenge from the beginning of perovskite research. In general, humidity and heat are the most well‐known degradation sources for perovskites, requiring ideal design of perovskite chemistry to withstand them. Although triple‐cation perovskite (Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3) has been already introduced as the stable perovskite material, the high reactivity of methylammonium and formamidinium in the cation sites demands further modification. Herein, 1,2,4‐triazole is suggested as an effective cation solute to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. 1,2,4‐Triazole is an aromatic cation with low dipole moment that is stable under humidity and heat. It also possesses three nitrogen atoms, forming additional hydrogen bonds in the lattice, stabilizing the material. In this study, the solar cell utilizing 1,2,4‐triazole alloying achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.9% with superior stability under extreme condition (85 °C/85% of relative humidity (RH), encapsulated) for 700 h. The 1,2,4‐triazole‐alloyed perovskite exhibits reduced trap density and film roughness and enhanced carrier lifetime with electrical conductivity, suggesting an ideal perovskite structure for efficient and stable optoelectronic applications. 相似文献
14.
Morphological Control for High Performance,Solution‐Processed Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
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Giles E. Eperon Victor M. Burlakov Pablo Docampo Alain Goriely Henry J. Snaith 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(1):151-157
Organometal trihalide perovskite based solar cells have exhibited the highest efficiencies to‐date when incorporated into mesostructured composites. However, thin solid films of a perovskite absorber should be capable of operating at the highest efficiency in a simple planar heterojunction configuration. Here, it is shown that film morphology is a critical issue in planar heterojunction CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx solar cells. The morphology is carefully controlled by varying processing conditions, and it is demonstrated that the highest photocurrents are attainable only with the highest perovskite surface coverages. With optimized solution based film formation, power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.4% are achieved, the first report of efficiencies above 10% in fully thin‐film solution processed perovskite solar cells with no mesoporous layer. 相似文献
15.
Jing Zhang Quan Sun Qiaoyun Chen Yikai Wang Yi Zhou Bo Song Ningyi Yuan Jianning Ding Yongfang Li 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(22)
For commercial applications, it is a challenge to find suitable and low‐cost hole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where high efficiency spiro‐OMeTAD and PTAA are expensive. A HTM based on 9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene and N,N‐di‐p‐methylthiophenylamine (denoted as FMT) is designed and synthesized. High‐yield FMT with a linear structure is synthesized in two steps. The dopant‐free FMT‐based planar p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (pp‐PSCs) exhibit a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.06%, which is among the highest PCEs reported for the pp‐PSCs based on organic HTM. For comparison, a PEDOT:PSS HTM‐based pp‐PSC is fabricated under the same conditions, and its PCE is found to be 13.9%. 相似文献
16.
Sureshraju Vegiraju Weijun Ke Pragya Priyanka Jen‐Shyang Ni Yi‐Ching Wu Ioannis Spanopoulos Shueh Lin Yau Tobin J. Marks Ming‐Chou Chen Mercouri G. Kanatzidis 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(45)
Developing efficient interfacial hole transporting materials (HTMs) is crucial for achieving high‐performance Pb‐free Sn‐based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new series of benzodithiophene (BDT)‐based organic small molecules containing tetra‐ and di‐triphenyl amine donors prepared via a straightforward and scalable synthetic route is reported. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of two BDT‐based molecules are shown to be structurally and energetically suitable to serve as HTMs for Sn‐based PSCs. It is reported here that ethylenediammonium/formamidinium tin iodide solar cells using BDT‐based HTMs deliver a champion power conversion efficiency up to 7.59%, outperforming analogous reference solar cells using traditional and expensive HTMs. Thus, these BDT‐based molecules are promising candidates as HTMs for the fabrication of high‐performance Sn‐based PSCs. 相似文献
17.
Wenke Zhou Shulin Chen Yicheng Zhao Qi Li Yao Zhao Rui Fu Dapeng Yu Peng Gao Qing Zhao 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(14)
Ion migration and phase segregation, in mixed‐cation/anion perovskite materials, raises a bottleneck for its stability improvement in solar cells operation. Here, the synergetic effect of electric field and illumination on the phase segregation of Cs0.05FA0.80MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (CsFAMA) perovskite is demonstrated. CsFAMA perovskite with a CsPbBr3‐clusters passivated structure is realized, in which CsPbBr3‐clusters are located at the surface/interface of CsFAMA grains. This structure is realized by introducing a CsPbBr3 colloidal solution into the CsFAMA precursor. It is found that CsPbBr3 passivation greatly suppresses phase segregation in CsFAMA perovskite. The resultant passivated CsFAMA also exhibits a longer photoluminescence lifetime due to reduced defect state densities, produces highly efficient TiO2‐based planar solar cells with 20.6% power conversion efficiency and 1.195 V open‐circuit voltage. The optimized devices do not suffer from a fast burn‐in degradation and retain 90% of their initial performance at maximum power under one‐sun illumination at 25 °C (65 °C) exceeding 500 h (100 h) of continuous operation. This result represents the most stable output among CsFAMA solar cells in a planar structure with Spiro‐OMeTAD. 相似文献
18.
19.
Weiyin Gao Changshun Chen Chenxin Ran Hao Zheng He Dong Yingdong Xia Yonghua Chen Wei Huang 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(34)
Pb‐based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as efficient light absorbers in third‐generation photovoltaic devices, and the latest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Pb‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.2%. Despite great progress, Pb‐based MHPs are affected by toxicity, which hinders their market entry in a potential future large‐scale commercialization effort. Therefore, the exploration of Pb‐free MHPs has become one of the alternative solutions sought in the community. Among all the Pb‐free MHPs, Sn‐based MHPs show great promise owing to their similar or even superior theoretical optoelectronic characteristics. After several years of development, the PCE of Sn‐based PSCs has recently been approaching 10%, with the breakthroughs mainly coming from A‐site cation engineering of Sn‐based MHPs. In this review, the crucial status of A‐site cation engineering strategies in the research of Sn‐based PSCs is highlighted. First, the way the features of A‐site cation influence the structure and characteristics of MHPs is systematically demonstrated. Then, the state‐of‐the‐art developments, focusing on A‐site cation engineering of Sn‐based MHPs, are comprehensively reviewed. Subsequently, the current challenges and opportunities for further boosting the performance of Sn‐based PSCs are discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on the promising Sn‐based optoelectronic devices are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Ding Zheng Gang Wang Wei Huang Binghao Wang Weijun Ke Jenna Leigh Logsdon Hanyu Wang Zhi Wang Weigang Zhu Junsheng Yu Michael R. Wasielewski Mercouri G. Kanatzidis Tobin J. Marks Antonio Facchetti 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(16)
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advanced rapidly with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) now exceeding 22%. Due to the long diffusion lengths of charge carriers in the photoactive layer, a PSC device architecture comprising an electron‐ transporting layer (ETL) is essential to optimize charge flow and collection for maximum performance. Here, a novel approach is reported to low temperature, solution‐processed ZnO ETLs for PSCs using combustion synthesis. Due to the intrinsic passivation effects, high crystallinity, matched energy levels, ideal surface topography, and good chemical compatibility with the perovskite layer, this combustion‐derived ZnO enables PCEs approaching 17–20% for three types of perovskite materials systems with no need for ETL doping or surface functionalization. 相似文献