遥感技术在涉河建设项目监测中的应用

人工巡察涉河建设项目耗时费力,难以满足日益增多的涉河建设项目频繁监察的应用需求.基于Python语言构建卫星遥感影像处理、专题制图、报告编制自动化处理流程.利用流程对2015年1月以来广东省西江流域内的43宗涉河建设项目进行跟踪监测及分析.针对重点涉河建设项目,采用无人机遥感技术构建三维模型,量测工程特征参数.选取典型...     

取用水户在线监测项目建设管理探析

取用水户在线监测项目实施具有协调难度大、现场条件差、技术复杂等特点,为实现取用水户在线监测项目的顺利实施,探讨采取"一点一策"开展现场勘查调研和利用最严格水资源管理制度考核及取水户办证开展项目实施协调工作,分析落实组织机构和技术支撑保障等进度和质量控制的关键环节,研究系统运维服务托管模式及建立远程运行维护平台,保障安徽省取用水户在线监测项目的顺利实施和系统建成后的稳定可靠运行,具有很好的操作性及实用性。     

Application of the remote-sensing communication model to a time-sensitive wildfire remote-sensing system

Remote sensing for hazard response requires a priori identification of sensor, transmission, processing, and distribution methods to permit the extraction of relevant information in timescales sufficient to allow managers to make a given time-sensitive decision. This study applies and demonstrates the utility of the Remote Sensing Communication Model (RSCM) to improve a tactical wildfire remote-sensing system to better meet the time-sensitive information requirements of emergency response managers in San Diego County, USA. A thermal infrared airborne remote-sensing system designed and operated by the United States Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station for active wildfire monitoring is documented and updated based on the RSCM. Analysis of the thermal infrared remote-sensing system in the context of the RSCM identified three configuration changes that can improve the effectiveness of the information produced when employed by wildfire incident commanders for suppression prioritization: (1) limit spectral sampling collection to a single waveband; (2) complete image processing steps on-board the aircraft; and (3) provide information on wildfire locations to incident commanders in the form of a static map.     

泉州市旱情监测系统试点工程建设的应用分析

泉州市旱情监测系统试点工程是泉州市抗旱减灾决策支持系统的重要组成部分,它能将各个旱情监测站采集的旱情信息,通过GPRS/GSM实时传输到旱情分析系统,快速准确地判断旱情状况,提出相应的抗旱预案,为实施全面抗旱提供科学依据。介绍泉州市旱情监测系统试点工程建设的利弊得失,并深入分析该系统在水利领域的应用价值性,以供类似工程参考。     

MODIS-based remote-sensing monitoring of the spatiotemporal patterns of China's grassland vegetation growth

China has abundant grassland resources (approximately 400 million ha of natural grasslands), which account for 41.7% of China's total area. Grasslands are an important base for boosting the development of China's livestock husbandry economy and maintaining China's ecological security. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remotely sensed data, this study developed a grassland vegetation growth index that ranked the magnitude of grassland vegetation growth indices across a wide variety of field experiments. This study applied the grassland vegetation growth index to conduct remote-sensing monitoring of the spatiotemporal status of China's grassland vegetation growth in 2008. We found that the vegetation growth of China's grassland was classified as ‘good’ in 2008. The areas of grassland with desirable vegetation growth accounted for 38.47% of China's monitored grassland areas, and the areas with less desirable vegetation growth accounted for 22.85%. Additionally, the good vegetation growth was stable within each 10 day study period in 2008. The vegetation growth reached a balance in early June. After early September, the proportion of grasslands with desirable vegetation growth declined, and the proportion of grasslands with balanced and less desirable growth increased. The regions with less desirable vegetation growth mainly included the middle and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia, the northern region of Xinjiang, and most parts of Heilongjiang. The regions with desirable vegetation growth were mainly distributed in the north of Tibet, the southwest of Qinghai, the west of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, and the northwest of Liaoning. The remote-sensing monitoring of the spatiotemporal patterns of China's grassland vegetation growth in the present study revealed the overall vegetation growth status of China's grassland on a broad scale. These findings could provide a helpful scientific basis for understanding China's grassland vegetation conditions and the management and regulation of grassland livestock husbandry.     

Synergistic use of orbital satellite image and ground-based information in environmental monitoring of railway alignment construction - a case study

Environmental monitoring of road/railway/highway alignment construction activity is necessary to assess the probable negative impacts on the physical, biological and hydrological environment. This would aid in assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed and executed measures. Multitemporal orbital remote sensing data along with site-based information on water and air quality and noise level were used in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and auditing of Konkan railway alignment in India. This method of integrated data collection and analysis could be used effectively for monitoring similar projects elsewhere.     

吉林省水文监测及洪水预报综合服务平台建设工程系统研发

摘要：本文通过对吉林省水文监测及洪水预报综合服务平台应用系统研发的介绍,为吉林省水文监测及洪水预警水平,提高水文信息化及现代化程度,整合各部门现有分散孤立的信息资源到统一的综合信息平台上,从而提高信息共享程度。同时对地下水监测、水环境监测、水资源管理、站网管理等方面积极开展相关平台应用软件开发,实现站点的管理信息的数字化、可视化等要求,具备水文应急测报信息支持功能。在发生突发性公共水事件时,迅速提供事件所在地的江河流域监测数据信息,为开展应急测报提供服务,全面提升水文行业的服务能力。     

IT project managers' construction of successful project management practice: a repertory grid investigation

Although effective project management is critical to the success of information technology (IT) projects, little empirical research has investigated skill requirements for IT project managers (PMs). This study addressed this gap by asking 19 practicing IT PMs to describe the skills that successful IT PMs exhibit. A semi-structured interview method known as the repertory grid (RepGrid) technique was used to elicit these skills. Nine skill categories emerged: client management, communication, general management, leadership, personal integrity, planning and control, problem solving, systems development and team development. Our study complements existing research by providing a richer understanding of several skills that were narrowly defined (client management, planning and control, and problem solving) and by introducing two new skill categories that had not been previously discussed (personal integrity and team development). Analysis of the individual RepGrids revealed four distinct ways in which study participants combined skill categories to form archetypes of effective IT PMs. We describe these four IT PM archetypes – General Manager, Problem Solver, Client Representative and Balanced Manager – and discuss how this knowledge can be useful for practitioners, researchers and educators. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.     

国家水资源监控能力建设青海省项目建设成果探析

通过国家水资源监控能力建设一期项目,青海省基本建立与水资源开发利用控制、用水效率控制和水功能区限制纳污"三条红线"管理相适应的重要取水户和水功能区等监控体系,基本建立青海省水资源管理系统,初步形成与实行最严格水资源管理制度相适应的水资源监控能力,逐步增强支撑水资源定量管理和"三条红线"监督考核的能力;改善水资源管理基础设施薄弱的状况,提高水资源管理信息化水平,达到国家水资源项目办规定的各项量化目标。     

国家水资源监控能力建设项目标准的补充完善

介绍国家水资源监控能力建设项目各标准规范发布实施及应用调研情况,分析标准规范需修订补充内容;围绕水资源业务新的需求,提炼敦实水资源业务数据基础,提出标准规范修订应遵循的原则,修订中侧重对采集传输、业务数据提炼、运行支持、维护管理等方面加强补充完善工作,协调各类别标准之间关系;对各类标准规范给出修订内容及技术路线,并建议标准规范补充修订工作持续开展。     

Towards the use of remote-sensing data for monitoring of abandoned oil palm lands in Malaysia: a semi-automatic approach

Oil palm is a commercial crop that is important for its food value and as a biofuel, along with its other benefits towards the economy and human health. Currently, Malaysia cultivates approximately 5.64 million ha of oil palm. To date, a study identifying abandoned oil palm areas using satellite images is almost non-existent. Conventionally, the monitoring of abandoned oil palm lands is tedious and time consuming, especially over large areas. Hence, in this article, the capability of high resolution satellite image via Satellite Pour I’Observation de la Terre-6 (SPOT-6) products to extract abandoned oil palm areas was explored, as was the use of multi-temporal Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery to develop the phenology of abandoned oil palm sites. Homogeneity measures derived through SPOT images played a more important role to identify abandoned oil palm than crop phenology characteristics extracted from high spectral resolution of Landsat images. With the advancement of object-oriented classification, monitoring of abandoned oil palm areas can be done semi-automatically with an accuracy of 92±1%.     

铁路单体桥梁安全监测的仿真与分析

以典型黄河铁路桥桥梁健康状况评估为目标,通过使用ABAQUS工程模拟有限元软件,在建立连续梁模型的基础上,从横向摇摆力作用下变形,以及应变和应力关系上进行桥梁状况模拟及分析,并在此基础上设计基于光纤光栅传感器的桥梁安全监测网络,为工程技术人员在铁路桥梁结构分析上提供了有效的方法。     

青藏铁路视频监控系统研究

青藏铁路环境条件恶劣,需要对青藏铁路重点区段进行全天候视频监控.分析了在青藏铁路特殊环境下视频监控系统的需求,论述了视频信息独立于综合安全监控系统和与综合安全监控系统共享一个网络平台的两种接入方案.系统采用MESH网络构建了车站高速无线网络,实现了车地可靠通信,并利用移动语音视讯支撑平台,实现了现场人员与技术支持部门的实时语音视频联系,为青藏铁路提供了覆盖全线、高效可靠的视频监控手段,填补了高原铁路监控系统建设的空白.     

Commercialization of remote-sensing technology

The Technology Application Center (TAC) has 10 years of experience transferring applied remote-sensing technology and has assisted numerous organizations in their commercialization efforts. Management and cost data for 48 completed projects are presented that shed light on small business expectations regarding frequency and duration of projects, levels of effort required to complete projects and before-profit revenues. TAC's projects have averaged almost 10 months in length with a 4 month interval between contracts at an average contract amount of about $ 27000. The gross average salary per full time equivalent ( FTE) has averaged only $ 10 500 since 1975 suggesting that the market-place has still not developed sufficiently to support the skills required by the technology.     

Satellite monitoring of ice conditions in polar regions

Data obtained by Russian and foreign polar-orbital satellites for remote sensing (RS) of the Earth is used for monitoring the ice cover of the polar regions. State Research Center of Space Hydrometeorology “Planeta” (SRC “Planeta”) and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (CMMGI), have developed methods and technologies for processing the satellite data. Russian and foreign satellites (active and developing) including the satellite Arktika are described in the present paper. Procedures and techniques for monitoring the ice cover and examples of satellite data related to Arctic and Antarctic territories are given below.     

Estimation of railway vehicle suspension parameters for condition monitoring

This paper investigates the problem of parameter estimation for railway vehicle suspensions so as to provide information to support condition-based (instead of calendar-based) maintenance. A simplified plan view railway vehicle dynamical model is derived and a newly developed Rao–Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) based method is used for parameter estimation. Computer simulations are carried out to assess and compare the performance of parameter estimation with different sensor configurations as well as the robustness with respect to the uncertainty in the statistics of the random track inputs. The method is then verified practically using real test data from a Coradia Class 175 railway vehicle with only bogie and body mounted sensors, and some preliminary results are presented.     

铁路物流企业信息平台的研究与构建

相比其他物流企业,铁路物流企业更需要建立信息平台来增强物流业务的整合能力,准确掌握运输生产信息,并充分共享铁路运输管理信息系统(TMIS)提供的具有核心竞争力的资源。结合现代物流信息系统理论,针对铁路物流企业的特点,研究并构建了铁路物流企业信息平台,对该平台的系统结构、逻辑结构和网络结构等进行了详细设计和实现。     

Neural networks for construction project success

Being able to identify key attributes for successful project performance is of paramount importance to project owners, contractors, and designers. Understanding these key factors can help in the efficient execution of a construction project. This paper identifies key project management attributes associated with achieving successful budget performance using a neural network approach. Neural network models were developed using field data comprising potential determinants of construction project success. Altogether eight key project management factors were identified: (1) number of organizational levels between the project manager and craft workers; (2) amount of detailed design completed at the start of construction; (3) number of control meetings during the construction phase; (4) number of budget updates; (5) implementation of a constructability program; (6) team turnover; (7) amount of money expended on controlling the project; (8) the project manager's technical experience. The final model, after sufficient training, can also be used as a predictive tool to forecast budget performance of a construction project. This approach allows the budget performance model to be built even though the functional interrelationships between inputs and output are not clearly defined. The model also performs reasonably well with incomplete information of the inputs.     

白龟山水库遥测系统北斗卫星信道建设

针对河南省白龟山水库水情自动测报系统的现状,提出以短信和北斗卫星2种信道同时作为系统主信道的升级改造方案,极大地增强系统的稳定可靠性和抵抗自然灾害能力,解决在连续阴雨天气、交流电停电、网络中断等极端条件下系统不能独立正常运行的问题。其在利用北斗通信信道方面作出的成功探索,对其它水情自动测报系统的建设有很好的借鉴意义。