原料预处理对BaTiO3压电陶瓷的物性影响

BaCO₃微粉原料通常由尺寸较大的棒状颗粒所组成, 这些棒状颗粒在一次球磨过程中由于不容易粉碎, 从而对经预烧、二次球磨所得到的BaTiO₃陶瓷微粉的化学组分的均匀性和颗粒度产生影响, 进而影响后序烧结制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷的微观组织结构和压电性能。本研究重点探讨了以BaCO₃和TiO₂为原料、通过固相反应途径制备BaTiO₃陶瓷时, 实施原料预处理对所制备的BaTiO₃压电陶瓷物性的影响。研究发现, 配料前对BaCO₃原料实施球磨预处理可明显地降低棒状颗粒的尺寸, 从而可获得颗粒度细化的BaTiO₃陶瓷微粉, 进而制备致密度更高和晶粒尺寸更小而压电性能更高的BaTiO₃陶瓷材料。研究中对BaCO₃微粉进行不同时间的球磨预处理, 然后制备钛酸钡陶瓷, 考察了其压电性能、介电性质、铁电性能和微观结构等物理性质。利用同样的BaCO₃微粉原料, 未经球磨预处理所制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷的压电系数d₃₃最高值为410 pC/N, 而实施合适的球磨预处理制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷的压电系数d₃₃最高值可达470 pC/N。     

V2O5对 BaTiO3-Y2O3-MgO陶瓷性能的影响

研究了V2O5掺杂BaTiO3-Y2O3-MgO系陶瓷的显微结构和介电性能．SEM显示V2O5会促进该体系晶粒生长，降低陶瓷致密度．XRD显示V掺杂样品均为单一赝立方相，其固溶度〉1．0m01％．研究表明，V离子能有效抑制掺杂离子Y、Mg向BaTiO3晶粒内扩散，改变掺杂离子在晶粒中分布，从而形成薄壳层的壳芯晶粒，因此V能提高居里峰的强度并改善电容温度稳定性．多价V离子在还原气氛中以＋3、＋4为主，能增强瓷料的抗还原性，提高绝缘电阻率（10^13Ω·cm）、降低介电损耗（0．63％）．该体系掺杂0．1mol％V时，介电常数达到2600，满足X8R标准．     

聚硅氧烷转化SiOC陶瓷微观结构的研究进展

聚硅氧烷转化SiOC陶瓷具有特殊的亚稳结构和成分,可用作高温结构材料、光学材料、锂离子电极材料、介电材料等。本文综述了聚硅氧烷转化SiOC陶瓷微观结构的研究情况,主要包括宏观结构、微观精细结构、结构模型、结构改性技术等方面。最后,指出了存在的问题和今后发展方向。     

Conjuncted Pyro‐Piezoelectric Effect for Self‐Powered Simultaneous Temperature and Pressure Sensing

Ferroelectric materials use both the pyroelectric effect and piezoelectric effect for energy conversion. A ferroelectric BaTiO₃‐based pyro‐piezoelectric sensor system is demonstrated to detect temperature and pressure simultaneously. The voltage signal of the device is found to enhance with increasing temperature difference with a sensitivity of about 0.048 V °C^?1 and with applied pressure with a sensitivity of about 0.044 V kPa^?1. Moreover, no interference appears in the output voltage signals when piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity are conjuncted in the device. A novel 4 × 4 array sensor system is developed to sense real‐time temperature and pressure variations induced by a finger. This system has potential applications in machine intelligence and man–machine interaction.     

Paper‐derived stoneware ceramics: Improvement of properties by calendering and evaluation of pyroplastic deformation behaviour

Paper‐derived ceramics are a new approach to produce thin, lightweight ceramic structures. These ceramics are derived from preceramic papers produced in a paper technological process. The amount of inorganic filler (e. g. stoneware) in the paper is increased up to 85 wt‐%. By firing at high temperatures the cellulose fibres are pyrolized and the inorganic content is sintered. One part of the technological process to produce papers is calendering. A calender consists of two rolls, between which the paper is rolled under pressure. By calendering the paper thickness is reduced and the surface of the paper is improved. Different calender parameters (pressure and temperature) are applied to the preceramic paper and ceramic properties like strength, density and surface roughness are investigated. The strength of paper‐derived stoneware ceramics can be improved by 125% to over 185 MPa by optimizing the calender process. Additionally paper‐derived stoneware ceramics were fired at 1180°C, 1200°C and 1220°C for 1 and for 2 hours at different support distances (10–150 mm) in order to determine the dependence of pyroplastic deformation on support distance. The results show a linear increase between maximum deformation and support distance by 1 hour dwell and a polynomic at 2 hours dwell. Furthermore the Pyroplastic Index (PI) was evaluated according to recent literature. The Pyroplastic Index was correlated to the amorphous content of the differently fired samples. With longer dwell and/or higher temperature the content of amorphous phase increases which lowers the bulk viscosity and supports the pyroplastic deformation. These investigations should give a direction for using paper‐derived stoneware ceramics for special design applications. Paper‐derived ceramics can be systematically deformed in many possible ways to achieve specific shapes.     

MXene‐Derived Ferroelectric Crystals

This study demonstrates the first synthesis of MXene‐derived ferroelectric crystals. Specifically, high‐aspect‐ratio potassium niobate (KNbO₃) ferroelectric crystals is successfully synthesized using 2D Nb₂C, MXene, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the niobium and potassium source, respectively. Material analysis confirms that a KNbO₃ orthorhombic phase with Amm2 symmetry is obtained. Additionally, ferroelectricity in KNbO₃ is confirmed using standard ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoresponse force microscopy measurements. The KNbO₃ crystals exhibit a saturated polarization of ≈21 µC cm^?2, a remnant polarization of ≈17 µC cm^?2, and a coercive field of ≈50 kV cm^?1. This discovery illustrates that the 2D nature of MXenes can be exploited to grow ferroelectric crystals.     

过量氧化铅和氧化铅气氛对改性钛酸铅压电陶瓷机电性能及其微结构的影响

本文研究了过量氧化铅和氧化铅气氛对改性钛酸铅压电陶瓷机电性能、显微结构、晶体结构以及烧结性能的影响。结果表明,材料的显微结构变化对机电性能产生重要作用。在烧结过程中,随着PbO分压的增加,改性离子Gb~(?)在钛酸铅晶格中的取代位置很可能发生变化,部分Gd~(3+)离子将由A位取代变为B位取代,这将导致晶格四方性的增大和烧结性能恶化。     

Lead‐Free Perovskite Nanowire‐Employed Piezopolymer for Highly Efficient Flexible Nanocomposite Energy Harvester

In the past two decades, mechanical energy harvesting technologies have been developed in various ways to support or power small‐scale electronics. Nevertheless, the strategy for enhancing current and charge performance of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters using a simple and cost‐effective process is still a challenging issue. Herein, a 1D–3D (1‐3) fully piezoelectric nanocomposite is developed using perovskite BaTiO₃ (BT) nanowire (NW)‐employed poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) for a high‐performance hybrid nanocomposite generator (hNCG) device. The harvested output of the flexible hNCG reaches up to ≈14 V and ≈4 µA, which is higher than the current levels of even previous piezoceramic film‐based flexible energy harvesters. Finite element analysis method simulations study that the outstanding performance of hNCG devices attributes to not only the piezoelectric synergy of well‐controlled BT NWs and within P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix, but also the effective stress transferability of piezopolymer. As a proof of concept, the flexible hNCG is directly attached to a hand to scavenge energy using a human motion in various biomechanical frequencies for self‐powered wearable patch device applications. This research can pave the way for a new approach to high‐performance wearable and biocompatible self‐sufficient electronics.     

退火处理对铅基弛豫型铁电体介电、压电性能的影响

铅基弛豫型铁电体的峰值介电常数和压电性能在退火后有较大提高．在PMN－PT陶瓷中,k_p由58％提高到66％,峰值介电常数由30900提高到37200,d_(33)达到530pC／N.在PZN－PT－BT陶瓷中,k_p由35％提高到51％,峰值介电常数km由11400提高到29000,d_(33)由347PC／N提高到624pC／N．这种改善可能与晶界玻璃相的消除以及畴壁运动等因素有关     

钇掺杂对BSPT高温压电陶瓷铁电性能的影响

利用传统固相法制备了(1-x)Bi(Sc1-yYy)O3-xPbTiO3(BSYPT-x/y)压电陶瓷,采用XRD、SEM、压电工作站等技术表征了体系的晶体结构、微观组织及其铁电性能.发现随着PbTiO3含量的增加,BYSPT-x/y陶瓷相结构由三方结构逐渐转变为四方结构.体系的准同型相界(MPB)位置随BiYO3含量的增加而移向PbTiO3含量更低的一端.在准同型相界附近的BSYPT0.58/0.15陶瓷的电滞回线出现"束腰"现象,这种现象来源于BSYPT0.58/0.15陶瓷内部产生的正极为O2-,负极为Y3+的缺陷偶极子.     

弛豫铁电单晶及织构陶瓷的研究进展

综述了近年来弛豫铁电单晶和织构陶瓷的制备及其介电、压电性能的研究进展。弛豫铁电单晶的制备方法主要有高温溶液法、布里奇曼法和固态再结晶法，尺寸可达40mm以上，(001)切片压电常数d33最大可达3000pC／N，k3达到0.93，但是成分不均匀仍是影响晶体压电性能的一个主要因素。织构陶瓷的制备方法主要为固态再结晶法(TGG法和RTGG法)，其耗时短、成本低，压电性能可达到单晶的60％～80％，介电常数甚至可以超过部分单晶，是一个新的发展方向。     

High‐Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators with Imprinted P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO3 Nanocomposite Micropillars for Self‐Powered Flexible Sensors

Piezoelectric nanogenerators with large output, high sensitivity, and good flexibility have attracted extensive interest in wearable electronics and personal healthcare. In this paper, the authors propose a high‐performance flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on piezoelectrically enhanced nanocomposite micropillar array of polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene (P(VDF‐TrFE))/barium titanate (BaTiO₃) for energy harvesting and highly sensitive self‐powered sensing. By a reliable and scalable nanoimprinting process, the piezoelectrically enhanced vertically aligned P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO₃ nanocomposite micropillar arrays are fabricated. The piezoelectric device exhibits enhanced voltage of 13.2 V and a current density of 0.33 µA cm^?2, which an enhancement by a factor of 7.3 relatives to the pristine P(VDF‐TrFE) bulk film. The mechanisms of high performance are mainly attributed to the enhanced piezoelectricity of the P(VDF‐TrFE)/BaTiO₃ nanocomposite materials and the improved mechanical flexibility of the micropillar array. Under mechanical impact, stable electricity is stably generated from the nanogenerator and used to drive various electronic devices to work continuously, implying its significance in the field of consumer electronic devices. Furthermore, it can be applied as self‐powered flexible sensor work in a noncontact mode for detecting air pressure and wearable sensors for detecting some human vital signs including different modes of breath and heartbeat pulse, which shows its potential applications in flexible electronics and medical sciences.