超高强度及塑性的钨丝增强ZrTiCuNiBeNb金属玻璃复合材料

采用渗流铸造工艺制备了钨丝增强ZrTiCuNiBeNb金属玻璃复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、压缩力学试验机研究了复合材料的相组成、界面结构及室温力学性能。结果表明,钨丝增强ZrTiCuNiBeNb金属玻璃复合材料界面非常清晰光洁,证明了微量Nb元素的加入能够有效地抑制界面反应的发生;含钨丝体积分数60%的复合材料具有超高的强度(断裂强度3695MPa)和室温塑性(塑性应变25.3%)。优化的界面结构和钨丝体积分数是产生这种现象的原因。     

钨丝／Zr基金属玻璃复合材料的界面反应与扩散

采用渗流铸造工艺制备了钨丝增强不同Nb含量的Zr基金属玻璃复合材料，利用X-Ray衍射、扫描电镜以及电子探针考察了复合材料界面反应和界面扩散情况，研究了基体合金中的Nb含量对复合材料界面反应和界面扩散的影响。结果表明：对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30基复合材料，渗流时，钨丝与液相中的Zr发生界面包晶反应，生成W5Zr3界面相，并使界面位置向液相方向移动。在Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30合金的基础上添加Nb，发现Nb优先在钨丝界面偏聚，降低了Zr在钨丝界面的偏聚和活度，抑制钨丝与液相中的Zr包晶反应的发生，没有生成W5Zr3界面相，界面处只存在简单的扩散层。同时发现Zr元素在钨丝中的扩散系数降低，此时界面位置向钨丝方向移动。     

电磁场法原位合成WC_p/W丝增强铁基复合材料

通过对钨丝和灰口铸铁熔体组成的体系施加电磁场,在1573 K时,熔体中的碳原子与钨原子能够原位反应合成碳化钨颗粒。结果表明:当电磁场频率小于4 kHz,得到碳化钨颗粒与钨丝混杂增强灰口铸铁基复合材料;当电磁场频率达到4 kHz时,得到碳化钨颗粒增强灰口铸铁基复合材料。电磁场除了加速熔体中的质量传递外,还有助于在钨丝周围形成一系列的Fe-W-C三元微区,该微区中钨的浓度较高,利于改善原位合成WC颗粒的动力学条件。但是,WC颗粒的间隙类似于一个过滤器,降低了元素的扩散速度。复合材料较好的耐磨性归因于WC颗粒的较高硬度以及颗粒的弥散分布。     

铝基复合材料/低碳钢异种材料过渡液相扩散焊

用市售厚约50 μm的纯铜箔作中间层在590℃分别保温30 min及2h进行了铝基复合材料,低碳钢异种金属过渡液相扩散焊试验.结果表明,薄弱界面并非钢,中间层界面,而在于Al MMC/残留中间层一侧界面;液相优先溶解铝基复合材料的棱边而形成明显的环状缺口将导致应力集中;被挤出的多余液相全部流布于铝基复合材料的外表面,而未曾流向钢一侧.断口分析表明,接头沿残留中间层内部(压力较低时)及Al MMC的表层区断裂(压力较高时);Fe向残留中间层内发生了过渡的溶解,足以形成金属间化合物,由此导致接头强度均很低.     

钨丝直径对连续锆基非晶复合材料拉伸行为的影响

通过连续渗流方法制备出钨丝体积分数为62%~66%,钨丝直径分别为40,60,80,150μm的钨丝增强锆基非晶合金复合材料。研究表明,钨丝直径为80μm时,非晶合金复合材料的抗拉伸强度和延伸率分别达到最大值,当钨丝直径增加到150μm时,非晶复合材料的抗拉伸强度和塑性急剧降低。对断口形貌进行了分析。研究发现钨丝增强非晶复合材料中,增强相直径不同引起面体率变化,从而影响非晶和钨丝界面的应力、钨丝在三轴应力状态下的变形和断裂以及非晶基体中剪切带的形成和扩展,最终影响复合材料的拉伸力学性能。     

SiC连续纤维增强Ti基复合材料界面反应扩散研究进展

介绍了目前研究Ti基复合材料界面反应扩散模型、界面反应的动力学和热力学、界面反应扩散控制机理。以及障碍涂层对界面反应扩散的影响。指出SiC纤维增强Ti基复合材料界面反应扩散的研究重点和发展方向。     

铝基复合材料扩散焊接接合区微连接行为

以铝基合材料Al2O3p/6061Al为对象,对该种材料扩散焊接接合区微连接行为进行了探索性的研究,分析了接头微观组织及力学性能。研究表明,扩散焊接温度对接合区的微连接行为有显著影响,当焊接温度低于铝基复合材料固相线温度时,增强相-基体、增强相-增强相之间微连接属弱连接;当焊接温度介于该种材料液、固两相温度区间时,接头区域出现液态基体金属,增强相-基体之间可以实现较好结合,同时液态金属对增强相-增强相接触部位进行渗透,使增强相-增强相接触转化为增强相-基体-增强相结合,在此基础上发现在铝基复合材料液、固两相温度区有“临界温度”存在,为成功实现该种材料扩散连接奠定理论基础。     

WC-TiC-Co/Cr20复合材料的制备与界面特性

采用负压铸渗工艺研制具有颗粒增强耐磨复合层的高铬铸铁基复合材料,分别通过XRD、EDX等分析手段研究了复合材料界面的成分特点和物相组成。WC-TiC-Co增强颗粒均匀分布于复合层中,且基体与增强颗粒界面为冶金结合。由于增强颗粒的部分溶解以及W、C、Ti、Co、Fe、Cr等元素的互扩散,在复合材料界面区域形成了含有Fe、W、Co等元素的多种化合物。考察了所研制复合材料的耐磨性。     

工艺参数对原位合成WC_P增强铁基复合材料的影响

以金属钨丝网和灰口铸铁为原材料,采用离心铸造技术,通过调整钨丝的中心间距和灰口铸铁熔体的浇铸温度,原位合成WC颗粒增强铁基复合材料。利用XRD、SEM以及两体销盘磨损试验机对所得复合材料复合区的物相种类、显微组织以及磨损性能进行分析研究,结果表明:随浇铸温度的提高,WC衍射峰的强度增强,反应程度增大,WC量不断增多。当钨丝中心间距为0.5 mm,浇铸温度为1400℃时,得到较理想的WC颗粒弥散分布于铁基体中的复合材料;在浇铸温度不变时,随中心距的增大,复合材料的磨损率呈现出先降低后略微升高的趋势。     

钢纤维增强有色金属基复合材料综述

有色金属基复合材料相对于传统有色金属材料而言,具有更好的抗氧化性、高耐热性、高比强度、高比模量、耐磨损和高使用寿命。在有色金属基复合材料的众多的增强体中,非金属纤维(C/C、SiC)与金属基质结合界面的相容性是制约金属基复合材料性能的关键问题,而金属纤维与金属基质之间良好的相容性能够有效改善金属材料的性能。金属纤维增强有色金属基复合材料的制备工艺主要有扩散粘结法、液态渗透法、压力铸造法、涂层热压法、双辊轧制法。 本文主要总结了钢纤维增强有色金属基(Al、Mg、Cu、Zn和Zr)复合材料的制备方法、微观组织、界面特征和机械性能,指出了钢纤维增强有色金属基复合材料进一步研究发展所需要解决的问题。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。