一种感兴趣区域防溢出数字水印算法

目的针对工程设计图纸、医学影像等存在大量边缘值像素点的图像在嵌入水印时容易出现像素值溢出的问题,文中提出一种基于感兴趣区域防溢出的水印方案。方法该方案使用改进后的区域生长法分割原始图像得到不规则形状的ROI,再通过填充像素值得到矩形水印嵌入区域,对该区域进行提升小波变换,并经过Arnold置乱,通过对水印嵌入区域的分块和扫描,跳过边缘像素值,使用奇偶映射的方法将制成QR码的水印信息嵌入至宿主图像。结果嵌入水印后图像边缘仍完整,像素值溢出现象得到大大改善,嵌入水印后图像峰值信噪比高于48db,水印不可见性高于一般水印嵌入方案,满足高精度图像对水印不可见度要求,且经过攻击后仍能实现水印的提取。结论该方案充分考虑到含有大面积背景和大量边缘像素值图像的特点,保证认证水印嵌入至图像关键ROI区域,在保证原图质量的基础上实现了防溢出的水印嵌入,经过攻击后提取的水印仍能够读取认证信息,在包装印刷工程中具有实际应用价值。     

A Novel Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Encrypted Medical Image Based on DTCWT-DCT and Chaotic Map

In order to solve the problem of patient information security protection in medical images, whilst also taking into consideration the unchangeable particularity of medical images to the lesion area and the need for medical images themselves to be protected, a novel robust watermarking algorithm for encrypted medical images based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform (DTCWT-DCT) and chaotic map is proposed in this paper. First, DTCWT-DCT transformation was performed on medical images, and dot product was per-formed in relation to the transformation matrix and logistic map. Inverse transformation was undertaken to obtain encrypted medical images. Then, in the low-frequency part of the DTCWT-DCT transformation coefficient of the encrypted medical image, a set of 32 bits visual feature vectors that can effectively resist geometric attacks are found to be the feature vector of the encrypted medical image by using perceptual hashing. After that, different logistic initial values and growth parameters were set to encrypt the watermark, and zero-watermark technology was used to embed and extract the encrypted medical images by combining cryptography and third-party concepts. The proposed watermarking algorithm does not change the region of interest of medical images thus it does not affect the judgment of doctors. Additionally, the security of the algorithm is enhanced by using chaotic mapping, which is sensitive to the initial value in order to encrypt the medical image and the watermark. The simulation results show that the pro-posed algorithm has good homomorphism, which can not only protect the original medical image and the watermark information, but can also embed and extract the watermark directly in the encrypted image, eliminating the potential risk of decrypting the embedded watermark and extracting watermark. Compared with the recent related research, the proposed algorithm solves the contradiction between robustness and invisibility of the watermarking algorithm for encrypted medical images, and it has good results against both conventional attacks and geometric attacks. Under geometric attacks in particular, the proposed algorithm performs much better than existing algorithms.     

基于整数小波变换与矩阵分解的感兴趣区域可逆水印算法研究

目的针对传统感兴趣区域水印算法抵抗几何攻击能力较弱的缺陷,提出一种基于IWT-Schur的感兴趣区域可逆水印算法。方法首先对载体图像做小波变换,筛选出各子带ROI系数,接着采用Arnold变换加密水印图像,加密水印图像做整数小波变换得到一系列分量。最后结合Schur分解,将水印各分量对应加至载体各子带的ROI。结果采用整数小波变换IWT与矩阵Schur分解的嵌入方式,使得含水印图像的视觉质量良好,算法实现容易。含水印图像没有受到干扰时检测到的水印与原水印一致,含水印图像受到攻击时,也表现出良好的性能,检测到的水印品质较好。结论实验证明,此方案水印提取正确,且感兴趣区域无损恢复。     

基于多小波变换和分块SVD的彩色图像水印算法

提出了一种基于多小波变换和分块SVD的非盲水印算法。选择彩色图像的饱和度分量作为水印的嵌入域,水印为有意义的灰度图像,水印经Arnold置乱后被嵌入到饱和度分量多小波变换的不同中频区域中。实验证明,该算法不仅对噪声、JPEG压缩、剪切及Photoshop处理具有很好的鲁棒性,而且能抵抗旋转、放缩和平移等几何攻击。     

Two level security for medical images using watermarking/encryption algorithms

In this article, an attempt is made to provide two level securities for medical images using watermarking and encryption. Watermarking provides security and encryption, authenticates medical image and provides integrity. Watermarking is performed by using a new nontensor product wavelet filter banks, which have the ability to reveal singularities in different directions. Natural image is taken as the original image and the medical image is taken as a watermark image. The medical image is embedded into the LH sub band of the natural image. The encryption is performed by RSA, AES, and RC4 algorithms. A qualitative comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm is done for different encryption methods. The proposed algorithm has the ability to withstand different attacks like noise, rotation, contrast, and brightness attacks. Performance analysis is made by calculating PSNR, SSIM, NC, and CV.     

基于QR码和DWT-SVD分解的双水印算法

目的为了进一步提高水印的鲁棒性和保护性,文中提出一种基于QR码和DWT-SVD分解的双重水印方案。方法将次级水印的奇异值嵌入主水印经一级离散小波变换后低频系数的奇异值中,再将含有次级水印信息的主水印奇异值嵌入主图像的二级小波变换后低频系数的奇异值中。结果经仿真实验发现,文中算法的主水印和次级水印PSNR值可达66 dB和60 dB,并对于高斯噪声、JPEG压缩、JPEG2000压缩、旋转攻击、对比度增强以及缩放攻击有一定的鲁棒性,攻击后提取的水印相关系数接近于1。结论算法属于非盲水印,在多种攻击情况下都能检测到次要水印,但有时候主水印会严重失真。     

A Robust Zero-Watermarking Based on SIFT-DCT for Medical Images in the Encrypted Domain

Remote medical diagnosis can be realized by using the Internet, but when transmitting medical images of patients through the Internet, personal information of patients may be leaked. Aim at the security of medical information system and the protection of medical images, a novel robust zero-watermarking based on SIFT-DCT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform-Discrete Cosine Transform) for medical images in the encrypted domain is proposed. Firstly, the original medical image is encrypted in transform domain based on Logistic chaotic sequence to enhance the concealment of original medical images. Then, the SIFT-DCT is used to extract the feature sequences of encrypted medical images. Next, zero-watermarking technology is used to ensure that the region of interest of medical images are not changed. Finally, the robust of the algorithm is evaluated by the correlation coefficient between the original watermark and the attacked watermark. A series of attack experiments are carried out on this method, and the results show that the algorithm is not only secure, but also robust to both traditional and geometric attacks, especially in clipping attacks.     

Watermarking patient data in encrypted medical images

In this paper, we propose a method for watermarking medical images for data integrity which consists of image encryption, data embedding and image-recovery phases. Data embedding can be completely recovered from the watermarked image after the watermark has been extracted. In the proposed method, we utilize standard stream cipher for image encryption and selecting non-region of interest tile to embed patient data. We show that the lower bound of the PSNR (peak-signal-to-noise-ratio) values for medical images is about 48 dB. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can embed a large amount of data while keeping high visual quality of test images.     

基于SIFT特征点匹配的抗几何攻击水印算法

目的为了有效抵抗几何攻击,实现水印图像的嵌入与检测的同步。方法将水印嵌入到图像小波分解后的奇异值中,然后利用SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)特征点所具有的旋转、缩放和平移不变性进行宿主图像和受攻击图像的匹配,并估计受攻击图像的几何攻击参数,对可能失真的图像进行几何校正。结果图像经过几何失真、常规图像处理攻击或JPEG压缩后,嵌入的水印依然能被可靠地检测和提取。结论理论分析和大量实验结果表明,该算法校正精度高,具有良好的不可见性和鲁棒性。     

包装中专色印刷图像数字水印方法

目前,包装装潢图的印刷图像水印算法主要是针对传统的四色印刷方式,因而其用于专色印刷中效果不佳。基于包装中专色印刷和扫描图像特征,结合整数小波转换（IWT）和奇异值分解（SVD）提出了一种可用于专色图像印刷的鲁棒水印算法。先对专色通道进行IWT转换,然后将水印信息直接嵌入一级IWT各子带的奇异值S中;为了提高水印安全性,对水印图像进行了Arnold置乱加密,并在嵌入水印的图像中嵌入一个数字签名;提取水印时,基于专色图像印刷-扫描特征,将专色印刷图像扫描成灰度图,提取数字签名进行验证,验证通过后再提取水印信息。为了验证算法的有效性,选用胶版印刷方式对本文算法进行了一系列实验测试,并与文献[8]所提算法进行了比较,结果表明,本算法应用于专色印刷中具有很好的视觉不可见性,且可以抵抗胶版印刷过程。     

基于计算全息的Contourlet域数字水印算法

目的提出一种基于计算全息的contourlet域数字水印算法。方法首先,利用共轭对称延拓傅里叶计算全息方法,将原始二值水印图像生成全息水印图像;然后,将原始图像进行二级contourlet变换,得到8个中频方向子带系数;最后,将全息水印嵌入在其中频系数中。结果该方法可以有效抵抗高斯滤波、中值滤波和均值滤波以及打印-扫描攻击,同时,对噪声攻击、裁切攻击和JPEG压缩攻击也有很强的抵抗能力。在水印提取时无需原始图像,属于盲水印算法。结论该算法可以广泛应用于数字图像的版权保护中。     

基于IWT-SVD和BRISK的鲁棒图像水印算法

目的 针对数字图像水印中传统奇异值分解算法存在的提取水印对角线失真和目前的特征点匹配算法速度慢引起抗组合几何攻击性能弱问题,提出基于IWT-SVD和BRISK的鲁棒图像水印算法。方法 该方案是将Logistics混沌映射置乱的水印嵌入宿主图像IWT变换后进行SVD分解的矩阵中,然后运用BRISK算法完成失真图像的几何校正,最后根据提取的水印图像特性,用邻域平均法进行对角线元素修正。结果 嵌入水印后PSNR高于42 dB,在各种常规信号处理和组合几何攻击下,NC平均值在0.95以上,提取出的水印对角线失真问题得到明显改善。结论 实验结果表明,该方案能提高图像特征点的匹配速度,性能得到增强,水印不可见性较好,进一步提升了图像的鲁棒性。     

基于静脉灰度值特征的图像分割算法研究

手背静脉图像的采集过程中,由于图像采集设备、光照、皮下脂肪厚度等因素的影响,手背静脉图像的对比度比较低,同时图像噪声严重影响静脉提取。针对此问题,本文提出了一种基于静脉灰度值特征的图像分割与对比度增强算法。首先提取ROI(有效的感兴趣区域)和对ROI进行维纳滤波;然后采用新的图像分割算法对静脉图像进行静脉提取,利用8-邻接内边界跟踪方法和形态学处理方法对静脉二值图像进行去噪;最后将ROI与去噪后的图像进行加权叠加得到对比度增强的静脉图像。实验结果表明,通过采用基于静脉灰度值特征的图像分割算法可以很好地获取到静脉脉络,最终可以获得高对比度的静脉图像。     

基于小波变换的傅里叶加密印刷水印算法研究

在研究傅里叶加密全息技术、数字水印技术和小波理论的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的傅里叶加密印刷水印算法。利用该算法重建水印,有效地抑制了载体图像的低频分量对水印产生的噪声的影响;使能量分布在图像的所有像素上,具有良好的抗裁切能力;算法采用密钥加强了水印的安全性。实验表明:嵌入水印的图像一次印刷可检测,二次扫描印刷提取的水印脆弱,可以抵抗基本的图像处理操作。     

一种基于YC-rC-b颜色空间和视觉特性的彩色图像水印技术

根据图像离散余弦变换频谱图特征及结合人眼对亮度和颜色的对比度敏感视觉特性,提出了一种人眼感知图像最小误差即JND阈值的计算方法,通过计算出的JND阈值,提出了一种基于YCrCb颜色空间的彩色图像水印技术方案。方案依据JND阈值筛选彩色图像的3个分量亮度图变换域频谱系数来进行水印的嵌入和提取。从水印技术方案上看,JND阈值的引入使得水印的嵌入达到最大;嵌入算法使得水印嵌入的位置具有随机性,有力地保证了水印信息的安全性。仿真实验和攻击测试表明:含水印图经压缩攻击后的图像与原始图像基本一样,提取的水印信息与原始水印基本相同;攻击后的含水印图具有较好的透明性和较高的鲁棒性。提出的基于YCrCb颜色空间和人眼视觉特性的彩色图像水印技术方案,是一种可行的、较好的彩色图像技术。     

Attenuating noise from computed tomography medical images using a coefficients‐driven total variation denoising algorithm

The aim of image denoising is to recover a visually accepted image from its noisy observation with as much detail as possible. The noise exists in computed tomography images due to hardware errors, software faults and/or low radiation dose. Because of noise, the analysis and extraction of accurate medical information is a challenging task for specialists. Therefore, a novel modification on the total variational denoising algorithm is proposed in this article to attenuate the noise from CT images and provide a better visual quality. The newly developed algorithm can properly detect noise from the other image components using four new noise distinguishing coefficients and reduce it using a novel minimization function. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has a fast computation speed, a simple structure, a relatively low computational cost and preserves the small image details while reducing the noise efficiently. Evaluating the performance of the proposed algorithm is achieved through the use of synthetic and real noisy images. Likewise, the synthetic images are appraised by three advanced accuracy methods –Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation (GMSD), Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Weighted Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (WSNR). The empirical results exhibited significant improvement not only in noise reduction but also in preserving the minor image details. Finally, the proposed algorithm provided satisfying results that outperformed all the comparative methods.     

基于奇异值分解的Contourlet域水印算法

目的提高数字水印算法抗信号处理攻击能力,提升水印鲁棒性。方法提出一种基于Contourlet变换和奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的水印算法。对水印图像进行多次Arnold置乱处理,实现置乱加密;选择Contourlet域变换系数的方向子带作为水印嵌入区域;在Contourlet系数构建矩阵中进行SVD分解,并结合人类视觉系统进行嵌入强度的自适应选择。结果实验结果得出图像的峰值信噪比为54.1279 d B,表明所述算法具有很好的透明性、隐蔽性。结论所述图像数字水印算法具有很好的鲁棒性、不可见性以及抵抗各种攻击的能力,对数字产品的版权保护具有促进作用。     

印刷品水印图像的半色调算法比较

对Bayer抖动、误差扩散和绿噪声3种半色调算法进行了分析比较。利用离散小波变换将水印信息嵌入宿主图像,采用峰值信噪比对3种算法生成的半色调图像质量进行客观评价;用归一化相关系数衡量半色调图像提取的水印质量;以Matlab程序运行时间判断3种算法的计算效率;同时,结合人眼视觉对半色调图像质量进行主观评价。综合各种评价,结果表明:误差扩散是最适合小波水印图像的半色调算法。     

基于QR码的DWT-SVD数字水印算法

目的 结合奇异值和小波变换的优点, 针对彩色载体图像进行水印的嵌入和提取, 提高水印的鲁棒性和安全性。方法 根据基于DWT-SVD的数字水印算法, 对彩色载体图像进行RGB到Lab颜色空间的转换, 对L分量作二级离散小波变换, 选择低频子带并对其进行奇异值分解, 同时对原始QR码水印进行奇异值分解。最后根据人眼视觉系统 （HVS） 特性, 选择合适的嵌入强度因子嵌入水印。结果 文中算法对于高斯噪声、 椒盐噪声、 斑纹噪声和泊松噪声、 JPEG压缩、 小角度的旋转攻击、 缩放攻击以及对比度增强有一定的鲁棒性。结论 该算法能够抵抗常见的水印攻击, 满足数字防伪以及版权保护的需要。     

基于SURF的NSCT域抗几何攻击水印算法

目的针对常规图像水印算法抗几何攻击能力差的问题,提出一种基于SURF特征点和Schur分解的图像水印算法。方法将置乱后的水印嵌入到图像NSCT变换后进行Schur分解得到的上三角矩阵中,然后运用加速鲁棒性特征(Speed-Up Robust Features)算法提取图像低频子带中稳定的特征点和特征点描述符,利用特征点匹配对估计、校正含水印图像的几何攻击参数;利用RANSAC算法对特征点匹配对进行筛选,删除误匹配对,提高匹配精度,完成失真图像的几何校正。结果实验数据表明文中算法对几何攻击和常规信号攻击均有较好的鲁棒性,NC值平均达到0.9以上。结论文中的图像水印算法对几何攻击和常规信号攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性和不可见性,且提高了匹配精度。