CsPbI2Br无机钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池因具有较好的光电性能、较低的制造成本获得了大量的关注。有机—无机杂化钙钛矿材料中不稳定的有机成分用无机金属铯离子取代制备出的无机钙钛矿材料因具有优异的热稳定性得到了研究者的青睐,其中以CsPbI₂Br为光活性层的无机钙钛矿太阳能电池具有很大的商业应用前景。本文从制备条件、离子掺杂、界面修饰等方面入手,系统地介绍了其研究进展,并展望了CsPbI₂Br无机钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展方向。     

CuxO用于调控全无机碳基CsPbI2Br钙钛矿太阳能电池的界面性能

基于CsPbI₂Br的全无机碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池由于碳电极与钙钛矿层间接触性能较差和能带不匹配等问题,导致其光电转化效率较低。本文采用简单的葡萄糖还原法结合煅烧技术制备了两种不同形貌和结构的规则八面体构型Cu_xO,将之作为无机空穴传输材料,制备了结构为导电玻璃(FTO)/SnO₂/CsPbI₂Br/CuxO/C的碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池,研究了CuO和Cu₂O的形貌、结构对光电性能的影响机制。结果显示：CuO和Cu₂O皆具有良好的化学稳定性和p型载流子传输特性,可有效增强CsPbI₂Br钙钛矿层与碳电极层之间的界面接触,改善载流子传输性能,减少电荷复合,延长光电子寿命。基于Cu₂O和CuO的CsPbI₂Br基碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池(C-PSC)器件的光电转换效率最高分别为11.62%和13.22%,分别比空白对照器件的光电转化效率提高了19.5%和36.0%。此外,通过添加Cu₂     

钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性研究进展及模组产业化趋势

有机无机杂化钙钛矿材料具有优异的光电特性,在光伏、显示和传感领域均获得了广泛关注。近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池技术发展迅速,在效率提升和面积放大方面不断取得突破,但钙钛矿材料和器件的稳定性问题一直没能得到根本性的解决,严重制约了钙钛矿光伏器件的实用性能及商业化推广进程。钙钛矿太阳能电池的不稳定性来源于器件中钙钛矿层、电荷传输材料和电极材料的失效,失效原因主要包括光照、水分、温度和氧气等环境因素,因此深入理解各因素对钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的作用机理至关重要。此外,与晶硅和其他薄膜电池相比,钙钛矿太阳能电池在材料性能、器件结构等方面都有较大差别。目前晶硅电池和其他薄膜电池的稳定性评价方法和测试手段对钙钛矿太阳能电池不能完全适用,为了使不同机构间钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的测试结果可以对比,需要统一稳定性测试标准。本文总结了钙钛矿材料及光伏器件稳定性的影响因素,剖析了光照、水分、温度和氧气等环境因素对钙钛矿器件稳定性的作用机理,并对提升钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的方法进行了综述。最后分析了钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的评价方法和测试手段,并对钙钛矿太阳能电池的未来发展方向进行了预测,以期为钙钛矿太阳能电池商业...     

倒置结构全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池的界面层研究进展

铯基无机钙钛矿(CsPbX3)因其耐热性好、低成本和带隙可调等优点,近年来备受关注,并广泛用于制备新型薄膜太阳能电池。目前,虽然具有倒置结构的无机钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSC)更稳定且有望应用于构筑叠层电池的顶电池,其性能仍落后于正置结构的电池。因此,倒置电池的结构,特别是其界面层亟待进一步优化。近年来,研究者们设计和开发了一系列有机、无机界面层(包括空穴传输层和电子传输层),尝试优化基于无机钙钛矿的倒置电池。本综述针对这一现状,从材料和制备工艺的角度出发,综述了基于有机、无机材料体系的多种界面层的制备和应用进展,总结各类界面层材料的特点,讨论目前界面层的瓶颈问题和潜在的解决方案。     

基于对氯苄胺的2D/3D钙钛矿太阳能电池

三维(3D)有机–无机金属卤化物钙钛矿薄膜的表面和晶界处存在大量缺陷,容易导致载流子的非辐射复合并加快3D钙钛矿分解,进而影响钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)能量转换效率(PCE)及稳定性.本研究通过引入对氯苄胺阳离子,与3D钙钛矿薄膜及其表面过剩的碘化铅反应后原位形成了二维(2D)钙钛矿,实现了对3D钙钛矿薄膜表面和晶界...     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池自2009年被提出以来取得了迅速的发展,其性能已超过了多晶硅太阳能电池。目前,钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率已达到20.8%。但是它面临着稳定性差的问题,这严重阻碍了其商业化进程。本文将总结近年来钙钛矿太阳能电池取得的部分研究进展和存在的问题,讨论提高钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性的途径,并对未来发展的方向进行了展望。     

二维卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性和效率的研究进展

为了实现绿色可持续发展,降低CO₂的排放量,大力发展和利用光伏等清洁能源技术已成为未来能源发展的新趋势。最近,以有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池为代表的新一代光伏电池具有成本低、轻薄、制造简单等特点,符合未来发展的需求而备受关注。有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿材料是带隙可调的直接带隙半导体,具有较低的激子结合能、较长的载流子寿命和扩散长度以及较高的缺陷容忍度等优点,目前该类电池器件最高效率已经超过25%。但材料自身的不稳定性以及对水、热、氧、紫外光等环境因素的敏感已经成为限制其进一步发展的首要问题。而二维卤化物钙钛矿以其超高的湿度稳定性引起了各国研究者的注意,然而二维卤化物钙矿电池的效率与传统三维卤化物钙钛矿电池相比,还存在较大的差距。因此,在保持其良好稳定性的前提下提升电池的效率,是二维钙钛矿电池研究面临的关键问题。本文主要围绕二维钙钛矿的结构和制备方法讨论,针对稳定性和效率问题展开了讨论,致力于为发展制备出高效、稳定的二维卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池提供指导。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池:从高效率到稳定性

钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)由于制备工艺简单、价格便宜、转换效率高、可制备柔性器件等优点引起广泛关注。近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池的转换效率不断被刷新,迅速实现了对多晶硅太阳能电池的超越,使其具有巨大的商业潜力。然而,稳定性成为阻碍钙钛矿太阳能电池商业化的一大问题。介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构,综述了钙钛矿太阳能电池所取得的研究进展,总结了获得高效率钙钛矿太阳能电池的方法,重点分析了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的策略,并指出钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展方向。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池材料的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究在近5年内迅速发展,已经成为非常有活力的研究领域,在较短的时间内电池的效率得到了显著的提升。钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿材料的研究对于提高电池的效率有着重要的意义。本文综述了近年来在钙钛矿层制备方法、新材料的合成等方面存在的主要问题和研究进展。对各种制备方法的特点及改进优化进行了详细的介绍,并分析了新材料合成的必要性和所面临的问题。最后,指出了在降低钙钛矿毒性、大面积制备钙钛矿太阳能电池,以及降低成本等方面的研究前景,为今后高效、稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究提供方向。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

作为一种新型清洁可再生能源,钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSC)从发展至今已取得了重大的突破,成为研究的热点。主要介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的基本结构和工作原理及电子传输层、钙钛矿层、空穴传输层的制备方法,以及在发展过程中所面临的技术问题,最后展望了钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的研究重点及发展前景。     

Small Molecules Functionalized Zinc Oxide Interlayers for High Performance Low-Temperature Carbon-Based CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells

The charge recombination resulting from bulk defects and interfacial energy level mismatch hinders the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of carbon-based inorganic perovskite solar cells (C-IPSCs). Herein, a series of small molecules including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its derivatives (EDTA-Na and EDTA-K) are studied to functionalize the zinc oxide (ZnO) interlayers at the SnO₂/CsPbI₂Br buried interface to boost the photovoltaic performance of low-temperature C-IPSCs. This strategy can simultaneously passivate defects in ZnO and perovskite films, adjust interfacial energy level alignment, and release interfacial tensile stress, thereby improving interfacial contact, inhibiting ion migration, alleviating charge recombination, and promoting electron transport. As a result, a maximum PCE of 13.94% with a negligible hysteresis effect is obtained, which is one of the best results reported for low-temperature CsPbI₂Br C-IPSCs so far. Moreover, the optimized devices without encapsulation demonstrate greatly improved operational stability.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池由纳米晶致密层、钙钛矿型光活性层CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X= Cl、Br、I)、空穴传输层及对电极组成。其中光活性层吸光材料的种类及其成膜技术、空穴传输层材料类型及结构设计是影响钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的重要因素。本文结合钙钛矿太阳能电池近年来的最新研究进展, 对影响器件光电性能的关键因素: 光吸收层、空穴传输层、工艺参数以及结构设计等进行综述, 同时展望了钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展趋势。     

High-Efficiency Carbon-based CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells from Dual Direction Thermal Diffusion Treatment with Cadmium Halides

In recent years, carbon-based CsPbI₂Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted more attention due to their low cost and good stability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of carbon-based CsPbI₂Br PSCs is still no more than 16%, because of the defects in CsPbI₂Br or at the interface with the electron transport layer (ETL), as well as the energy level mismatch, which lead to the loss of energy, thus limiting PCE values. Herein, a series of cadmium halides are introduced, including CdCl₂, CdBr₂ and CdI₂ for dual direction thermal diffusion treatment. Some Cd²⁺ ions thermally diffuse downward to passivate the defects inside or on the surface of SnO₂ ETL. Meanwhile, the energy level structure of SnO₂ ETL is adjusted, which is in favor of the transfer of electron carriers and blocking holes. On the other hand, part of Cd²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions thermally diffuse upward into the CsPbI₂Br lattice to passivate crystal defects. Through dual direction thermal diffusion treatment by CdCl₂, CdI₂ and CdBr₂, the performance of devices has been significantly improved, and their PCE has been increased from 13.01% of the original device to 14.47%, 14.31%, and 13.46%, respectively. According to existing reports, 14.47% is one of the highest PCE of carbon-based CsPbI₂Br PSCs with SnO₂ ETLs.     

无机电荷传输层在有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用及研究进展

近年来,基于有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料为光活性层构建的太阳能电池由于具有直接带隙、吸光系数高、激子束缚能低、激子和载流子扩散距离长,以及成本低、制备工艺简单、光电转换率高、易于实现大面积柔性器件等优点,而成为当今新型光伏技术中一颗耀眼的新星。在钙钛矿太阳能电池中,电荷传输层在提高光电转换效率、稳定性及寿命等方面扮演着非常重要的角色,其中无机电荷传输层因具有载流子迁移率高、稳定性好、制备工艺简单等优势越来越受到人们的关注。本文总结了无机电荷传输层在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用,详细介绍了各种无机电子/空穴传输层在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Detrimental Effect of Unreacted PbI2 on the Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Excess/unreacted lead iodide (PbI₂) has been commonly used in perovskite films for the state-of-the-art solar cell applications. However, an understanding of intrinsic degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing unreacted PbI₂ has been still insufficient and, therefore, needs to be clarified for better operational durability. Here, it is shown that degradation of PSCs is hastened by unreacted PbI₂ crystals under continuous light illumination. Unreacted PbI₂ undergoes photodecomposition under illumination, resulting in the formation of lead and iodine in films. Thus, this photodecomposition of PbI₂ is one of the main reasons for accelerated device degradation. Therefore, this work reveals that carefully controlling the formation of unreacted PbI₂ crystals in perovskite films is very important to improve device operational stability for diverse opto-electronic applications in the future.     

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

近年来,柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池由于具有质量轻、成本低、形状可塑、适用性广等优点,成为了太阳能电池领域炙手可热的研究课题。目前,该类柔性电池的最高光电转换效率已超过16%。本文针对柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构及其柔性衬底,介绍了其主要的研究方向和目前的研究进展,并探讨了柔性钙钛矿太阳能领域面临的主要问题与挑战,最后展望了柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展。     

Tailoring C60 for Efficient Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Although inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising in thermal stability, their large open-circuit voltage (V_OC) deficit and difficulty in large-area preparation still limit their development toward commercialization. The present work tailors C₆₀ via a codoping strategy to construct an efficient electron-transporting layer (ETL), leading to a significant improvement in V_OC of the inverted inorganic CsPbI₂Br PSC. Specifically, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is introduced as a dopant to lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the C₆₀ layer by forming a Lewis acidic adduct. The enlarged free energy difference provides a favorable enhancement in electron injection and thereby reduces charge recombination. Subsequently, a nonhygroscopic lithium salt (LiClO₄) is added to increase electron mobility and conductivity of the film, leading to a reduction in the device hysteresis and facilitating the fabrication of a large-area device. Finally, the as-optimized inorganic CsPbI₂Br PSCs gain a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.19%, with a stabilized power output (SPO) of 14.21% (0.09 cm²). More importantly, this work also demonstrates a record PCE of 14.44% for large-area inorganic CsPbI₂Br PSCs (1.0 cm²) and reports the first inorganic perovskite solar module with the excellent efficiency exceeding 12% (10.92 cm²) by a self-developed quasi-curved heating method.