金属离子对塑料燃烧发烟的影响

讨论了金属离子对塑料燃烧发烟量的影响，发现s, ds区元素具有明显的消烟功能。     

发烟助剂的热分解特性及其提高成烟率的作用

采用差示扫描量热法和热分解气体测定装置，研究了4种发烟助剂的热分解特性和放气量。烟剂中的其他添加剂对发烟助剂的放气量也有影响。此外，探讨了发烟助剂对成烟率的影响。结果表明，发烟助剂可以有效地提高成烟率。     

塑料无卤化阻燃技术进展

塑料用途广泛,但几乎所有的塑料都易燃烧,且一部分燃烧时会产生大量的有害气体和烟雾,由此而带来的火灾隐患已成为全球关注的问题。目前,添加有效的阻燃剂是阻燃技术中较普遍的方法。其中卤素类阻燃剂仍占主导地位。但其发烟量大,且释放出的卤化氢气体具有强腐蚀性,潜藏着二次危害。欧共体国家曾发布禁止含卤素阻燃剂的塑料进入欧洲市场的法令。基于对环保问题的认识,塑料阻燃化     

无机材料对聚氯乙烯的抑烟研究

本文讨论了PVC（聚氯乙烯）的发烟机理及抑烟机理，讨论了锌、锑、铝三种无机化合物在单独使用及复合使用对对PVC发烟量的影响，指出了降低PVC燃烧炭烟量的途径。     

美国塑料阻燃剂的发展动向

美国塑料阻燃剂近年的主要发展方向是开发塑料燃烧时有毒气体生成少、低发烟、不含或少含卤素的阻燃剂。本文就美国阻燃剂的市场动态和各阻燃剂品种的最近开发动向说明这一发展。     

无公害塑料阻燃剂—三水合氧化铝

近年来对塑料阻燃剂的要求愈来愈高,除阻燃外还要求低毒性和低发烟量,因此对一些无机阻燃剂如三水合氧化铝等非常重视,如美国三水合氧化铝用量已超过整个阻燃剂用量的1/2,但对其阻燃机理的研究还很少。本文对三水合氧化铝的制法、性能及作用机理的最近发展作了综合性的论述。     

塑料的阻燃及阻燃技术

在建筑上大量采用新型装饰装修材料——塑料制品时，不可忽视塑料本身易燃的缺陷。本文列举的世界各国几个典型火灾原因，大部分是因引燃了高分子材料，加速了燃烧、发烟、释气所致，从而使研究塑料的阻燃性和阻燃技术成为一个重要的课题。     

阻燃抑烟剂对软聚氯乙烯材料燃烧性能的影响

针对氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑等常用的阻燃抑烟剂对在软聚氯乙烯燃烧时的热释放速率和一氧化碳释放量进行了研究 ,发现氢氧化镁和硼酸锌虽然可以降低材料的热释放性能和发烟量 ,但是会大大增加烟气中一氧化碳的释放量 ;而三氧化二锑会增加材料的发烟量 ,但却能大大降低烟气中的一氧化碳的释放量     

热塑性塑料基/稻壳粉复合材料的发烟特性

应用锥形量热仪研究稻壳粉填充常见热塑性塑料聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料在燃烧过程中的发烟行为.结果表明:在热辐射功率50 kW/m~2下,PVC/稻壳粉复合材料点燃时间最长.燃烧早期阶段,PVC/稻壳粉的烟释放速率和总烟释放量远大于PE/稻壳粉和PP/稻壳粉.在整个燃烧过程中,PE/稻壳粉总烟释放量最大,PP/稻壳粉最小,PVC/稻壳粉的CO产生速率一直远大于其它两者,而PE/稻壳粉和PP/稻壳粉的CO产生速率相近.CO_2生成速率大小次序依次为PE/稻壳粉、PP/稻壳粉和PVC/稻壳粉.分析比较得出PE/稻壳粉和PP/稻壳粉复合材料两者的发烟特性相近,而PVC/稻壳粉复合材料发烟特性明显不同于前两者.     

PVC／纳米水滑石复合材料抑烟性研究

用烟密度测量仪初步研究了润滑剂、分散剂等加工助剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)燃烧发烟的影响；研究了水滑石(LDHs)不同粉体含量及其在PVC中的分散状况对抑烟效果的影响；同时研究了采取不同的燃烧测试方法对PVC燃烧发烟量及LDHs对PVC抑烟效率的影响。结果表明：润滑剂等可燃性加工助剂可使PVC燃烧时显著发烟；LDHs对PVC的抑烟效果并不随着LDHs含量的增加而增大；较好分散的LDHs对PVC具有较好的抑烟效果；采用不同的燃烧测试方法，PVC燃烧的发烟量及LDHs对PVC抑烟效果具有显著差别。     

塑料用抑烟剂及抑烟机理的研究进展

综述和分析了近20年来塑料用抑烟剂及抑烟机理的发展概况，其中也包括了笔者的一些科研成果。主要论述了钼化合物、还原偶联抑烟剂、铁化合物、金属氧化物、镁锌复合物、锡酸锌及其他复合抑烟剂等对PVC、苯乙烯系塑料、不饱和聚酯及聚氨酯泡沫塑料的抑烟机理和抑烟效果。当上述抑烟剂在PVC及苯乙烯系塑料中的用量为2％～4％时，材料的生烟量可下降30％～50％。另外还介绍了一些研发中的新型抑烟剂，如某些二元羧酸、酯类及硅胶等。     

The role of silicone powders in reducing the heat release rate and evolution of smoke in flame retardant thermoplastics

New powdered silicone additives for plastics have been developed that give benefits in flame retardant formulations. Cone calorimeter evaluations of thermoplastics, with or without other flame retardant additives, show reduction in rates of heat release, smoke generation, and carbon monoxide evolution. Other benefits that have been observed are: improved processing, reduced torque, reduced build-up on screws, and increased impact strength. The effect of silicone powder additives on the combustion of several thermoplastics will be shown. A suggested mechanism is discussed.     

Fire performance of plastics in building

This paper describes part of the work at RAPRA which has been sponsored by the BPF Building Group. The safe use of plastics in building from the viewpoint of fire and the performance of plastics in the framework of existing regulations are considered and the relevance of some tests are discussed. Attention is also given to smoke and toxic products. Some important topics are not included, however, one notable omission being a consideration of expanded plastics for thermal insulation.     

塑料燃烧时生烟性的测定

介绍了国外现行采用的8种测定塑料生烟性的方法,包括美国NBS烟箱法、法国NBS烟箱法、德国NBS烟箱法、改良NBS烟箱法、XP2烟箱法、ISO烟箱法、德国DIN53436/E53437法和日本JISA1321法,分析了各种方法的优缺点。这些方法可用于塑料特别是阻燃塑料,也可用于其它有机高分子材料燃烧时生烟性的测定。     

Burning plastics: Mechanisms of smoke formation

Quantitative pyrolysis gas chromatography studies have been conducted on three grades of cross-linked polyester resin formulated for improved resistance to surface spread of flame. Pyrolysis temperatures from 723 to 1273 K were used, and these values correspond to ‘surface’ temperatures of materials exposed to heat fluxed of 15–149 kW m^–2 which are typical of conditions experienced in real fires. Comparison is made with earlier macro studies on the evolution of smoke from plastics materials exposed to similar heat fluxes under an inert atmosphere. There is some correlation between the smoke obscuration data obtained in previous macro studies and the yield of volatile aromatic products evolved on pyrolysis. The presence of flame retardants increases the formation of carbon in the pyrolysis residue and decreases the yield of volatile aromatic products isolated. The results are considered in the context of mechanisms of smoke formation.     

建筑塑料的阻燃和抑烟

建筑塑料是化学建材的重要组成部分，人们关注建筑塑料的阻燃和抑烟问题。本文论述建筑塑料的燃烧过程、阻燃机理、成烟机理，提出了阻燃和抑烟的技术措施。     

A study of the fire behaviour of polypropylene letter trays

A study of the fire behaviour of polypropylene plastics trays being considered for letter handling has been carried out. Various ignition sources and configurations of trays (both empty and filled with letters) were examined. In particular, stacks of trays contained in large steel-mesh unit load devices (ULDs), protected by automatic sprinklers, were ignited and the progress of the fires, release of heat and smoke, and sprinkler activation recorded. It was found that, when examined singly or in stacks in scenarios which might be encountered in sorting areas and post offices, the trays made from fire-retardant plastics were more difficult to ignite and took longer to become involved in fire than those made from standard grade plastics. The benefits of this slower build-up fire with the retarded plastics formulation were reduced to some extent by the greater amounts of smoke released by the burning of the retarded plastics. For stacks of ULDs filled with trays, typical of a scenario in a mail exchange, the fire-retardant plastics gave significant benefits in terms of life safety and fire damage to the trays and mail.     

塑料无卤阻燃剂研发进展

介绍了塑料无卤阻燃剂的种类以及阻燃技术的发展新动向,指出了无卤、高效、低烟、低毒、多功能的新型阻燃剂是今后的发展方向。     

塑料阻燃剂的研究进展

介绍了塑料阻燃剂的种类以及阻燃技术的发展新动向、其中无卤、高效、低烟、低毒、多功能的新型阻燃剂是今后的发展方向。