Studying the efficiency of the diesel fuel isodewaxing process on a zeolite-containing nickel–molybdenum catalyst

A GIP-14 diesel fuel isodewaxing catalyst based on a mixture of zeolites with different pore structures and entrance sizes and transition metals Ni and Mo as hydrogenating components is developed. Its stability during operation is studied. It is shown that the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of the diesel fuel reaches values below–38°C at its yield of 92–93 wt %, temperatures of 305–310°C, and a feedstock hourly space velocity (FHSV) of 3 h^?1. A pilot diesel fuel sample is tested according to GOST (Russian State Standard) R 55475–2013. Comparative tests of domestic and foreign catalysts show that the developed GIP-14 catalyst conforms to international standards and allows the production of diesel fuel with required cold flow properties under milder conditions (300°C against 320–325°C for the foreign catalyst) at a higher FHSV (3 h^?1 against 2 h^?1). The production of GIP-14 catalyst is planned to be launched in 2017.     

A catalyst for producing diesel fuels with improved cold flow characteristics

The aim of this work is to develop a catalyst for the hydroisomerization of a straight-run hydrotreated diesel fraction to allow the production of a diesel fuel with improved cold flow characteristics. Some catalyst samples containing zirconia modified with tungstate anions, high-silica zeolite, noble (Pt, Pd) or transition (Ni, Mo) metals, a binder (alumina), and promotors are synthesized. The samples are subjected to laboratory tests at temperatures of 250–360°C, a pressure of 3.0 MPa, feed hourly space velocities (FHSVs) of 1.5–3.0 h^–1, and an H₂/feedstock ratio of 1000 m³/m³. The target product yield relative to feedstock on GITs-1 (with Ni, Mo) and GITs-2 (with Pt, Pd) is 84.6 and 91.0 wt %, respectively, and the depression of the cloud and cold filter plugging points in comparison to the feedstock was 20°C for both catalysts. The possibility of producing a diesel fuel for a cold climate in compliance with GOST R (Russian State Standard) 52368–2005 or a winter diesel fuel in compliance with TR TS (Customs Union Technical Regulation) 013/2011 is shown.     

柴油降凝剂感受性研究

针对镇海炼化公司生产加剂柴油的需要,对柴油加剂感受性进行研究,论述了影响柴油降凝剂的主要因素,如基础油组成,馏分,馏程,蜡含量,添加剂品种等,找出降低柴油冷滤点的规律,同时初步探索了降凝剂的机理.     

FDW-3临氢降凝催化剂开发及应用

FDW - 3催化剂是抚顺石油化工研究院新开发的新一代临氢降凝催化剂 ,具有活性高、低凝柴油选择性和稳定性好及原料适应能力强等特点。试验表明 :在相同原料和工艺条件下 ,FDW - 3较参比催化剂低凝柴油产率提高 4 %左右。可在临氢降凝和加氢降凝组合工艺过程中使用。     

柴油低温流动改进剂在油品调和上的应用

对几种柴油低温流动改进剂进行了筛选,并对降凝降滤效果较好的D型柴油低温流动改进剂进行了工业应用试验。结果表明:柴油低温流动改进剂不仅能降低柴油的凝固点,还能降低柴油的冷滤点。由于改善了柴油的低温流动性,可以拓宽柴油馏程,提高柴油的收率,产生较好的经济效益。     

Synthesis of biodiesel fuel from safflower oil using various reaction parameters

Biodiesel fuel is gaining more and more importance because of the depletion and uncontrollable prices of fossil fuel resources. The use of vegetable oil and their derivatives as alternatives for diesel fuel is the best answer and as old as Diesel Engine. Chemically biodiesel fuel is the mono alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable oils and animal fats. Safflower oil contains 75-80% of linoleic acid; the presence of this unsaturated fatty acid is useful in alleviating low temperature properties like pour point, cloud point and cold filter plugging point. In this paper we studied the effect of various parameters such as temperature, molar ratio (oil to alcohol), and concentration of catalyst on synthesis of biodiesel fuel from safflower oil. The better suitable conditions of 1:6 molar ratio (oil to alcohol), 60 degrees C temperature and catalyst concentration of 2% (by wt. of oil) were determined. The finally obtained biodiesel fuel was analyzed for fatty acid composition by GLC and some other properties such as flash point, specific gravity and acid value were also determined. From the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel fuel was with in the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel with 96.8% yield.     

柴油低温流动性能改进剂的复配

制备了邻苯二甲酸单酰胺单铵盐和双酰胺极性含氮化合物,与EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯)或EVAP(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯共聚物)柴油低温流动性能改进剂复配,不但提高了柴油低温流动性能改进剂的降冷滤效果,而且改善了加剂柴油在低温下的抗蜡分层性能。     

EsMOVS柴油降凝剂的研制

对柴油降凝剂ＥｓＭＯＶＳ的合成、用途、使用条件、影响因素等作了阐述。此降凝剂对抚顺石油二厂－１０＃柴油的纯降凝度是１８℃，冷滤点纯降低度是９℃。对其它柴油也有一定的降凝助滤效果。     

低温流动性改进剂对低凝柴油性能的影响

通过考察几种低温流动性改进剂的活加量对常一线馏分、常二线馏分、常三线馏分、催化轻柴油等基础调合组分以及成品柴油冷滤点的影响,对以华北油田原油为原料生产低凝柴油的油品调合进行了研究。结果表明Ｄｏｄｉｆｌｏｗ４１３８和ＰＳＭ可做为华北石油管理局第一炼油厂生产柴油时的低温流动性改进剂,并确定了两种适宜的柴油生产方案。     

Development of Soft Sensor for Diesel Fuel Quality Estimation

A soft sensor was developed for quality estimation of diesel fuel as the crude distillation unit product. Due to the stringent fuel quality standards and the growing need to produce various gradations of quality with different feeds, laboratory testing and quality control of the products have become a necessity. On the basis of available continuous temperature measurements and flows of appropriate process streams, software sensors for estimating the cold filter plugging point of diesel fuel were developed. Nonlinear software sensor models were built with the best results achieved by using multilayer neural networks. Statistical data analysis was carried out and the data were critically evaluated. The results showed that soft sensors can be applied for refinery product quality estimation of diesel fuel as an alternative to laboratory testing. So, it becomes possible to continuously estimate fuel quality and to apply methods of inferential control for plant operation optimization.     

催化柴油加氢生产优质低凝柴油

探讨了以催化柴油为原料,高压、中压加氢精制－降凝生产低凝柴油,及催化柴油加氢精制生成油与分子筛抽余油调和,生产符合GB252－94的优质低凝柴油的可行性。应用此技术可以得到很好的经济效益。     

C5石油树脂改性作为柴油流动改进剂

利用分子结构设计原理,对C5石油树脂进行改性制备柴油流动改进剂,考察了马来酸酐、引发剂、高碳醇用量、反应时间、温度及EVA树脂的规格对柴油冷滤点的影响。结果表明,经改性的C5石油树脂对降低长庆油田0^#柴油的冷滤点相当有效。     

聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯柴油降凝剂的研制

介绍了分别选用碳十二醇、碳十四醇、碳十六醇和碳十八醇为原料合成聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯类降凝剂的方法,选择了最佳合成条件.并评价了这四种聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯降凝剂对大庆0号柴油的降冷凝点和降冷滤点的效果,得出聚丙烯酸十六醇酯降凝剂的降冷滤点和降凝点的综合效果较好,与国外同类产品比较,在降冷滤点方面尤其具有一定的优势.     

肉质废物水热液化制备液体燃料

开展了肉质废物水热液化制备液体燃料的研究。选用病死猪肉为水热液化实验代表材料,考察了得到的液体燃料和残余固体产率随温度和压力的变化规律,测定了液体燃料的热值、黏度、闪点和冷滤点等燃料性质以及液体燃料的元素成分,分析了液体燃料的部分化学成分。在温度为250℃,压力为4.0 MPa条件下水热液化获得的液体燃料的热值为39.31 MJ·kg^-1,黏度（20℃）为20.5 mPa·s,闪点为70℃,冷滤点为8℃,其化学成分较复杂,包含较多的芳香烃,还含有酮类、酯类、醚类、羧酸和呋喃等各种化合物。研究结果表明,该液体燃料可用于锅炉、工业窑炉的燃烧供热,进一步精炼后有望用于机动车辆。     

硫酸催化合成α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯及应用研究

文章研究了用硫酸催化合成α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯的合成工艺条件及应用情况。α-甲基丙烯酸与十六醇的摩尔比为1．3：1,对苯二酚0．4％,浓硫酸0．56％,偶氮二异丁腈用量是酯的4．6％;恒温70-80℃,聚合8h。使用1g/L的α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯可使河南濮阳0#柴油冷滤点降低6℃,凝点降低7℃;南阳0#柴油冷滤点降低5℃,凝点降低8℃;濮阳-10#柴油冷滤点降低5℃,凝点降低6℃。     

Ethanolysis of used frying oil. Biodiesel preparation and characterization

The transesterification reaction of used frying oil by means of ethanol, using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, and potassium methoxide as catalysts, was studied. The objective of the work was to characterize the ethyl esters for its use as biodiesels in compression ignition motors. The operation variables used were ethanol/oil molar ratio (6:1–12:1), catalyst concentration (0.1–1.5 wt.%), temperature (35–78 °C), and catalyst type. The evolution of the process was followed by gas chromatography, determining the concentration of the ethyl esters at different reaction times. The biodiesel was characterized by its density, viscosity, flash point, combustion point, cold filter plugging point, cloud and pour points, Conradson carbon residue, characteristics of distillation, cetane index and high heating value according to ISO norms. The biodiesel with the best properties was obtained using an ethanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, potassium hydroxide as catalyst (1%), and 78 °C temperature. The density, viscosity, cetane index, Conradson carbon residue and calorific power of the biodiesel obtained had values close to those of a no. 2 diesel. On the contrary, the cold filter plugging point, and cloud and pour points are higher than the conventional diesel fuel. Although higher, flash and combustion points fulfil the norms for ethyl esters derived from vegetable oils. In consequence, the final product obtained had very similar characteristics to a no. 2 diesel oil, and therefore, these ethyl esters might be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. The two-stage transesterification was better than the one-stage process, and the yields of ethyl esters were improved 30% in relation with the one-stage transesterification.     

AMSV-a柴油低温流动改进剂的研制

介绍了柴油低温流动改进剂AMSV-a的合成和降凝助滤性能。该剂是以丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯(量比为4∶1∶0 5∶1)为原料,以甲苯为溶剂,以过氧化苯甲酰(用量5 0g/mol共聚单体)为引发剂,恒温80℃聚合6h,得四元共聚物(AMSV),再以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂(用量20g/mol共聚单体),用高碳胺〔n(酐)∶n(胺)=1∶1 5〕进行胺解制得。该剂对大庆-10#柴油的纯降凝度可达25℃,冷滤点降低可达16℃;对胜利0#柴油的纯降凝度可达23℃,冷滤点降低可达14℃;对东明5#柴油的纯降凝度可达20℃,冷滤点降低可达11℃;对濮阳10#柴油的纯降凝度可达17℃,冷滤点降低可达9℃。     

聚α－甲基丙烯酸混合酯的合成及其降凝效果研究

以十二醇、十四醇、十六醇和α－甲基丙烯酸为原料,甲苯为溶剂,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,对苯二胺为阻聚剂,酯化生成α-甲基丙烯酸混合酯;再以过氧二苯甲酰为引发剂,合成聚α-甲基丙烯酸混合酯。与其他降凝剂复配后,对高含蜡的泰州柴油具有良好的降凝效果,在加剂量为1000μg/g时,冷滤点降低了7℃。     

柴油低温流动改进剂的研究及工业应用

介绍了T系列柴油低温流动改进剂实验室和工业试验情况。实验室研究结果表明，T系列柴油低温流动改进剂具有较好的柴油感受性，降凝效果较好。工业应用结果表明，T系列柴油低温流动改进剂对大港柴油具有较好的感受性，加剂比在0.1%左右时能大幅度降低柴油的冷滤点，可将+5号及0号柴油分别调合成0号和－10号柴油。     

柠檬酸-新戊二醇-柠檬酸-环烷酸-十八醇爪形大分子的合成、表征与降滤性质

以新戊二醇、柠檬酸为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,甲苯为溶剂,在120℃油浴中反应,合成了以新戊二醇为核的多羟基多酸爪状物小分子柠檬酸-新戊二醇-柠檬酸(CNC);再利用酯化反应依次与带有功能化基团的环烷酸、十八醇分别在140℃和180℃油浴中接枝,合成了新型的多元酯类爪形大分子柠檬酸-新戊二醇-柠檬酸-环烷酸-十八醇(CNC-NO)。用1HNMR及IR对合成的两种化合物进行了结构表征;结果表明,合成的CNC和CNC-NO与所设计的分子结构吻合。用元素分析确定了CNC的化学组成为C17H24O14。合成的CNC-NO不溶于水,溶于非极性的有机溶剂。将CNC-NO按600μg/g添加到轻柴油中,柴油的冷滤点可降低6℃。