基于大数据价值聚焦的产品设计方法

目的 提出基于大数据的价值聚焦分析和设计方法,帮助设计师与企业解决有效处理和应用大数据,通过基于大数据的价值聚焦（商业价值、产品价值与用户价值）分析,锚定设计价值和产品定义,开发出市场热销与用户喜爱的“爆品”产品。方法 主要采用文献研究和案例分析方法,研究大数据清洗获得价值聚焦及价值传受过程,提出一种基于大数据价值聚焦的前设计周期与设计周期产品设计方法。结果 以大数据的价值聚焦为理论基础,实现产品设计从大数据分析到价值聚焦再到设计方案的可行和实操流程,即大数据清洗、大数据分拣和大数据决策,挖掘商业价值、产品价值和用户价值以及相应的价值区间,提出从大数据清洗到价值聚焦（价值与价值区间）,以及生成产品定义与概念样机的设计流程模型。结论 通过大数据价值聚焦生成设计价值和产品定义,回归设计问题与价值问题的本质,是完全面向市场,实现爆款产品设计的途径和设计方法。基于大数据价值聚焦的产品设计,是一种结构清晰、可操作性强的全设计周期的设计方法,可以透过有效的设计流程实现完整的价值传受。     

"Power quality system," a new system of quality management for globalization: towards innovation and competitive advantages.

Knowledge Management (KM) addresses the critical issues of organizational adoption, survival and competence in the face of an increasingly changing environment. KM embodies organizational processes that seek a synergistic combination of the data and information processing capabilities of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings to improve ICT In that role, knowledge management will improve quality management and avoid or minimize losses and weakness that usually come from poor performance as well as increase the competitive level of the company and its ability to survive in the global marketplace. To achieve quality, all parties including the clients, company consultants, contractors, entrepreneurs, suppliers, and the governing bodies (i.e., all involved stake-holders) need to collaborate and commit to achieving quality. The design based organizations in major business and construction companies have to be quality driven to support healthy growth in today's competitive market. In the march towards vision 2020 and globalization (i.e., the one world community) of many companies, their design based organizations need to have superior quality management and knowledge management to anticipate changes. The implementation of a quality system such as the ISO 9000 Standards, Total Quality Management, or Quality Function Deployment (QFD) focuses the company's resources towards achieving faster and better results in the global market with less cost. To anticipate the needs of the marketplace and clients as the world and technology change, a new system, which we call Power Quality System (PQS), has been designed. PQS is a combination of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings to meet the challenges of the new world business and to develop high quality products.     

浙江省质监信息标准体系建设研究

近年来,浙江省质监信息化工作取得了较大进步,但也存在整体发展不平衡,数据标准不统一、业务流程不连续、数字鸿沟和信息孤岛等问题。建立质监信息标准体系具有紧迫性和重要意义。本文结合浙江省质监局在建的＂综合业务管理系统＂,就如何建立和实施质监信息标准体系,实现对质监信息标准化管理进行了相关论述,以期为浙江省质监信息标准化工作提出建议和参考。     

Alignment of operations strategy,information strategic orientation,and performance: an empirical study

Functional-level strategic planning should align with and support business-level strategies. Alignment of strategies is presumed to be a positive contributor to business performance just as misalignment is presumed to be a negative contributor. These presumptions should be true for all types of business environments including the e-commerce environment. This study develops and tests these presumptions by examining managers’ perceptions of strategy. Drawing on both operations strategy and information systems strategy literature, this research compares how these managers’ perceptions of operations strategy and information system strategic orientation are aligned in an e-commerce setting. Based on a sample of matched pairs of general managers and operations managers from 176 organisations in the e-commerce industry, hypotheses relating strategy and business performance are tested. The influence of other organisational variables (i.e. operations manager tenure and years of associations with general manager) to moderate the results were also tested. The results support the hypotheses that organisational variables moderate the relationship between operations managers’ and general managers’ perceptions of operations strategy, IS strategy orientation, and the fit between them in e-commerce organisations.     

政务能力如何提升营商环境质量?——来自中国私营企业调查的证据

营商环境质量对于企业经营和经济发展具有重要影响。在全面深化“放管服”改革背景下,政务能力如何提升营商环境质量是一项重要的政策议题。以行政负担理论为分析框架,基于中国私营企业调查的大样本数据,分析政务能力对于营商环境质量的影响。研究发现,政务能力对于民营企业面临的营商环境质量具有显著的正向影响,这种正向影响较为稳健。政务能力对营商环境质量的优化作用存在较明显的异质性,对服务业企业的作用最明显。进一步的机制分析发现,政务能力通过降低企业的行政负担,有效提升了营商环境质量。     

营商环境、科技创新与经济高质量发展 ——基于对外开放调节效应的省级面板数据实证分析

基于2011-2017年省级面板数据,在理论上分析了营商环境对经济高质量发展的作用机理,并考察了对外开放对科技创新与经济高质量发展之间关系的影响。研究结果发现:良好的营商环境能显著促进经济高质量发展;机制分析表明,营商环境能通过提高科技创新水平来促进经济高质量发展;进一步分析表明,对外开放会显著促进经济高质量发展,但会削弱科技创新对经济高质量的正向促进效应,尤其对我国科技含量较高的专利。其政策含义是,我国应持续优化营商环境,继续鼓励科技创新,提高自主研发能力与对外开放质量。     

基于多模态理论的大数据可视化的优化与拓展

目的在机遇和挑战并存的语境下,提出大数据可视化的优化途径与创新拓展思路。方法首先,从多模态概念入手,从多学科角度理解多模态含义;其次,分析了大数据多模态特征,以及人们获取和解读信息时多模态融合的认知过程;最后,把多模态概念引入展示法,探讨可视化中多模态的内容呈现方式,以及结合高新科技的动态交互方式。在大数据环境下模态融合、传播载体发展和信息符号象征意义的解析等方面,展开对大数据可视化创新路径的论述。结论对大数据可视化在未来发展的趋势,提出了展现和探索两个方向。     

Investments in big data analytics and firm performance: an empirical investigation of direct and mediating effects

Big data has recently been recognised as one of the most important areas of future technology. It has attracted the attention of many industries, since it has the potential to provide companies with high business value. This paper examines the forms of business value that companies can create from big data analytics investments, the direct impacts it has on the financial performance of a firm, and the mediating effects of market performance and customer satisfaction. Drawing on the resource-based view theory, this study demonstrates that the business value achieved from investments in big data analytics leads to advantages in terms of the financial performance of a firm. The results offer evidence of the existence of a customer satisfaction mediation effect and of the absence of a market performance mediation effect. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at the end of the paper.     

Understanding big consumer opinion data for market-driven product design

Big consumer data provide new opportunities for business administrators to explore the value to fulfil customer requirements (CRs). Generally, they are presented as purchase records, online behaviour, etc. However, distinctive characteristics of big data, Volume, Variety, Velocity and Value or ‘4Vs’, lead to many conventional methods for customer understanding potentially fail to handle such data. A visible research gap with practical significance is to develop a framework to deal with big consumer data for CRs understanding. Accordingly, a research study is conducted to exploit the value of these data in the perspective of product designers. It starts with the identification of product features and sentiment polarities from big consumer opinion data. A Kalman filter method is then employed to forecast the trends of CRs and a Bayesian method is proposed to compare products. The objective is to help designers to understand the changes of CRs and their competitive advantages. Finally, using opinion data in Amazon.com, a case study is presented to illustrate how the proposed techniques are applied. This research is argued to incorporate an interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and engineering design. It aims to facilitate designers by exploiting valuable information from big consumer data for market-driven product design.     

Improvement of digital geographic data quality

The article focuses on the study of characteristics of digital geographical data and the influence of these characteristics on the quality of the basis being ready for the decision-making processes. Characteristics of digital geographical data are mainly described from the point of view of their technical parameters and keeping the technological indicators while obtaining them. Our system brings a user's view into the assessment of characteristics. We define user's requirements on data and suggest the system of their evaluation. The assessment of data characteristics comes out of the standard ISO 19113 and the theory of value analysis. Both systems are joined into a complex system for data evaluation. Technical characteristics of data are evaluated mainly by the level of accomplishment of qualitative indicators, e.g. meeting all requirements of horizontal and vertical mean square error, or by completeness of filling of all expected information. Meeting all users’ requirements is usually expressed by the level of user's satisfaction with the particular product. This level is set based on the survey among users. Simultaneously, the weight of the individual evaluating criteria is set according to specific types of solved tasks. The system of data evaluation is supplemented with a system of calculation of costs that are needed for obtaining the data. It is possible, however, to work either with the complete database, or to count also the influences of particular groups of data (e.g. communications, residential buildings, etc.) on the complete quality of the final product. The system of costs calculation and evaluation of data quality then enables the optimisation of the use of funds or disposable time for obtaining quality data. The use of the complete system is presented in a pilot project in which a model of terrain passability by a military heavy vehicle is solved.     

Developing global supply chain quality management systems

This paper presents a global supply chain quality management (SCQM) framework as an extension of the traditional supply chain operations and quality management. Three distinct groups of variables are adopted in this study to illustrate the conceptual framework: a hierarchy of design variables, a hierarchy of system variables, and a hierarchy of problem solving methods. The aim of this theoretical framework is to offer practical guidelines to global business leaders and their value chain partners. This study also involves interviews with senior executives from a multinational enterprise in Taiwan. Four major SCQM themes are identified – design for six sigma (DFSS); international standards; supply chain management (SCM); global leadership and human resource management. In this study, we also view the cycle of decision making as an integral part of any global SCQM strategy. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to develop priority indices for the following three hierarchical levels: environmental scanning, strategic choice, and tactical choice. The presented framework adopts a systems approach and ensures that quality conscious products are designed, manufactured, and distributed.     

Hybrid (re)manufacturing: manufacturing and operational implications

Remanufacturing presents an option to recover value from used products. However, hybrid (re)manufacturing (i.e. simultaneous manufacturing and remanufacturing) is a challenge, owing to non-uniform availability and heterogeneous quality of returns. In this paper, we examine how heterogeneous quality and non-uniform quantity of returns influence the optimal production rates and inventory levels in a hybrid (re)manufacturing system that incurs costs to readjust manufacturing and remanufacturing capacities on a temporary basis. Specifically, we propose a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) based approach to obtain the optimal production plan for a specified planning horizon. We apply the proposed model to the (representative) operational data of an office equipment manufacturer to evaluate the impacts of quality of returns, quality-based segregation of returns, and capacity readjustment costs. The study provides insights into the effects of trade-offs among different operational costs in a hybrid (re)manufacturing system.     

Distributed allocation of the capacity of a single-facility using cooperative interaction via coupling agents

This paper considers the problem associated with the allocation of the finite capacity of a single facility among different business organizations under partial information sharing. In distributed allocation, the decision authorities and system information are dispersed amid organizations and a facility, i.e. no organization requires explicit access to system-wide information in order to allocate effectively the capacity of the shared facility. The lack of explicit information access is compensated by the careful exchange of information among organizations via the shared facility; i.e. cooperative interaction. The facility resolves conflicting interests among organizations on capacity usage and directs locally optimized solutions to a globally optimized solution. The distributed decision making problems associated with each organization and the facility are formulated as linear programs. The proposed cooperative algorithm is tested under two levels of information sharing: when the capacity information of the facility is unknown to organizations, and when partial capacity information of the facility is known to organizations. Experimental results suggest that even in this restricted information environment, the proposed method yields solutions that are comparable to those obtained with methodologies that require unrestricted access to information.     

Web驱动的电子化制造技术

通过融入Web驱动和非接触式的电子信息技术，电子化制造(e—manufacturing)系统可使企业获得近乎零的故障停机率，并可与企业高层商务系统保持信息同步，创造“只对信息处理一次(OHIO，only handle information once)”的工作环境。本文介绍了Web驱动的电子化制造技术的基本原理、战略规划及其所应具备的基本要素，并重点阐述了智能维护这一关键技术。最后，为电子化制造的实施提出了应对策略。     

Consumer Demand for Information Accessible Through Automatic Identification

Packages are expected to carry ever more information in a limited space. One solution to this problem is automatic identification, i.e. adding elements to the package that can be linked to electronic information systems. The aim of this study was to find the best way to produce additional business for the value chain of packages via existing technologies for automatic identification. Automatic identification can give benefits in the form of cost savings, new business opportunities, additional value to existing business and increased customer loyalty to all players in the value chain. Available technologies are 2D bar codes, digital watermarks, image recognition, fibre matrix, radiofrequency identification tags and magnetic codes. Pilot tests and user studies showed that additional services offered via automatic identification should include detailed product data, recipes, nutrient needs and user instructions and should match user demand. Obstacles to use are costs, time consumption and complexity. In Japan, mobile barcodes are part of everyday life: well known to consumers and used on a flat‐rate basis. From the beginning, the introduction was based on consumer needs, not on early profit. Today, it operates on a win–win principle, with benefits for all the players in the value chain, and several traditional printers have created completely new service concepts for their customers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Agile manufacturing: Enablers and an implementation framework

Tougher competitive situations have led to increasing attention being paid to customer satisfaction, of which timely and customized services are the key concepts. As the product life cycle becomes shortened, high product quality becomes necessary for survival. Markets become highly diversified and global, and continuous and unexpected change become the key factors for success. The need for a method of rapidly and cost-effectively developing products, production facilities and supporting software, including design, process planning and shop floor control system has led to the concept of agile manufacturing. Agile manufacturing can be defined as the capability to survive and prosper in a competitive environment of continuous and unpredictable change by reacting quickly and effectively to changing markets, driven by customer-designed products and services. This article details the key concepts and enablers of agile manufacturing. The key enablers of agile manufacturing include: (i) virtual enterprise formation tools/metrics; (ii) physically distributed manufacturing architecture and teams; (iii) rapid partnership formation tools/metrics; (iv) concurrent engineering; (v) integrated product/production/business information system; (vi) rapid prototyping tools; and (vii) electronic commerce. A conceptual framework for the development of an agile manufacturing system and future research directions are presented in this paper. This framework takes into account the customization and system integration with the help of business process redesign, legal issues, concurrent engineering, computer-integrated manufacturing, cost management, total quality management and information technology.     

Quality of Information Flow in the Backend of a Product Development Process: a Case Study

The increasing need for products that are able to reliably deliver complex functionality with a high degree of innovation presents a major challenge to the modern day product creation processes. In order to be able to use information on the field behaviour of previous products in the design of new products, increasingly detailed information needs to be retrieved from the market in an increasingly shorter time. The purpose of this study is to analyse, in a typical case in the consumer electronics industry, whether the underlying business process is able to generate this information with adequate quality sufficiently quickly. Information models of the company's service centre and call centre were developed using the concepts of maturity index on reliability. The results showed that the structure of the information handling process resulted in a massive data loss (up to 60% of the data gathered by the service centres) and also in serious data quality degradation. Would this information have not been lost, it could have been used by development teams for preventive and corrective actions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Big data and supply chain decisions: the impact of volume,variety and velocity properties on the bullwhip effect

The bullwhip effect is causing inefficiencies in today’s supply chains. This study deals with the potential of big data on the improvement of the various supply chain processes. The aim of this paper is to elaborate which characteristic of big data (lever) has the greatest potential to mitigate the bullwhip effect. From previous research, starting points for big data applications are derived. By using an existing system dynamics model, the big data levers ‘velocity’, ‘volume’ and ‘variety’ are transferred into a simulation. Overall, positive impacts of all the big data levers are elaborated. Findings suggest that the data property ‘velocity’ relatively bears the greatest potential to enhance performance. The results of this research will help in justifying the application of big data in supply chain management. The paper contributes to the literature by operationalising big data in the control engineering analyses.     

大数据时代计量校准理论与技术的发展展望

针对当代计量校准的两种需求进行了详细讨论。针对适合于各种严酷人工环境条件下的测量仪器设备与系统的现场计量校准需求,提出了大数据系统的理论技术发展方向,以线性或非线性系统模型进行系统建模,由单一环境条件变化合成多种环境条件变化,最终以系统理论方式解决多种因素严酷环境条件下的现场计量与校准问题的预测。针对数字化特征明显的数据域仪器设备的计量校准,提出了数据域计量校准理论、方法、技术的发展方向,以统计理论、信息理论、系统理论为基础,以频域、值域、逻辑域、变换域等理论与技术为手段,以模型参数等作为计量校准目标和结果。     

Data Quality Assurance Techniques for a Monitoring and Diagnosis System

By researching the data quality problem in the monitoring and diagnosis system （MDS） , the method of detecting non-condition data based on the development trend of equipment condition is proposed, and three requirements of criteria for detecting non-condition data： dynamic, syntheses and simplicity are discussed. According to the general mode of data management in MDS, a data quality assurance system （DQAS） comprising data quality monitoring, data quality diagnosis, detection criteria adjusting and artificial confirmation is set up. A route inspection system called MTREE realizes the DQAS. Aiming at vibration data of route inspection, two detecting criteria are made. One is the quality monitoring parameter, which is found through combining and optimizing some fundamental parameters by genetic programming （GP）. The other is the quality diagnosis criterion, i. e. pseudo distance of Spectral-Energy-Vector （SEV） named Adjacent J-divergence, which indicates the variation degree of adjacent data＇s spectral energy distribution. Results show that DQAS, including these two criteria, is effective to improve the data quality of MDS.