碳纤维布加固RC梁中粘结性能的非线性有限元分析

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁中,碳纤维布与梁底混凝土的剥离破坏使碳纤维布的强度不能得到充分发挥.分析碳纤维布与梁底混凝土的粘结应力,是研究碳纤维布加固剥离破坏承载力的基础问题.根据4根碳纤维布加固RC梁的试验研究结果,采用商业有限元程序MSC.Marc建立有限元模型,进行了非线性计算分析.通过分离总粘结应力中的局部粘结应力,得到粘结延伸长度范围内的锚固粘结应力分布,并结合试验数据对其分布规律进行了研究.根据分析和试验结果,引入了“有效锚固粘结长度”和“锚固粘结应力”的概念,给出了极限荷载下锚固粘结应力的计算建议.     

CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能试验研究

通过10片普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁及4片部分预应力混凝土(PPC)梁采用CFRP板抗剪加固的试验研究和非线性有限元分析,研究不同损伤程度、剪跨比、配箍率及预应力水平等因素对CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能的影响。结果表明：采用CFRP板对RC&PPC梁进行抗剪加固能够有效抑制斜裂缝的开展,提高加固梁斜截面抗剪承载能力,并改善梁的延性;RC梁损伤后加固,随着配箍率的增大以及剪跨比的减小,将提高加固RC梁的斜向开裂荷载、箍筋屈服荷载以及抗剪极限承载能力;随着预应力水平的提高,PPC加固梁的极限承载力增大,CFRP板抗剪加固效果比较显著;非线性有限元模型能够预测CFRP加固RC/PPC梁的抗剪性能,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;在进行CFRP板抗剪加固设计时,应对CFRP板的强度进行有效折减。     

负载条件下CFRP加固轴心受压钢管短柱受力性能研究

该文以试验、有限元与理论相结合的方法研究CFRP(碳纤维)布加固轴心受压钢管短柱构件;以不同负载百分比、不同CFRP粘贴方式为对比参数,研究了加固后构件的受力性能。主要讨论了对于不同负载程度、CFRP粘贴方式对加固后构件极限承载力和破坏形态的影响。通过试验与有限元数值模拟及参数分析,得到随着负载百分比的增大,加固后构件极限承载力呈下降趋势,在极限状态下,构件的破坏形态主要为端部局部屈曲破坏;在构件端部粘贴CFRP的加固效果优于中部加固效果;随着CFRP加固层数的增大,构件极限承载力随之增大,但增大百分比在达到一定程度后呈现下降趋势;随着构件厚度的增大,负载百分比和CFRP层数对构件承载力的影响呈下降的趋势,通过理论与试验和有限元结果的对比分析,得出采用该文所推导的理论可以用于负载条件下加固构件的承载力计算。     

Experimental Behaviour of RC Beams Shear Strengthened with NSM CFRP Laminates

Abstract: The near‐surface mounted (NSM) is one of the most recent techniques applied for the increase of the shear resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This technique involves the installation of carbon fibre reinforcement polymers (CFRP) laminates into thin slits open on the concrete cover of the elements to strengthen. The effectiveness of this technique for the shear strengthening of T cross‐section RC beams was assessed by experimental research. For this purpose, three inclinations of laminates were tested (45º, 60º and 90º) and, for each inclination, three percentages of CFRP were applied in RC beams with a percentage of steel stirrups of 0.10% (ρ_sw). The highest percentage of laminates was designed to provide a maximum load similar to the reference RC beam, which was reinforced with a reinforcement ratio of steel stirrups of 0.28% (ρ_sw = 0.28%). For each percentage of laminates, a homologous RC beam strengthened with unidirectional U‐shaped CFRP wet lay‐up sheets (discrete strips) applied according to the externally bonded reinforcement technique was also tested, with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of these two CFRP‐strengthening techniques. To evaluate the influence of the percentage of steel stirrups in the effectiveness of the NSM technique, some of the abovementioned CFRP configurations were also applied in beams with ρ_sw = 0.17%.     

Coupled flexural–shear retrofitting of RC beams using CFRP straps

This paper reports on an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the coupling of shear–flexural strengthening of RC beams. The presence of shear straps to enhance shear strength has the dual benefit of delaying debonding of CFRP sheets used for flexural strengthening. Six RC beams were tested; having various combinations of CFRP sheets and straps in addition to an unstrengthened beam as control test. The instrumentations used in these tests cover the strain measurements in different CFRP layers and located along the span, in addition to the slip occurring between the concrete and the CFRP sheets. Test results and observations showed that a significant improvement in the beam strength is gained due to the coupling of CFRP straps and sheets. Further, a more ductile behaviour is obtained as the debonding failure is prevented.     

Prediction of debonding strength of tensile steel/CFRP joints using fracture mechanics and stress based criteria

In this paper, the debonding strength of axially loaded double shear lap specimens between steel plates and carbon fibre reinforced plastic plates is investigated from the analytical, numerical and experimental point of view. Two steel plates were joined together by two carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates and epoxy adhesive in order to realize double shear lap specimens of different length. Failure of the steel-adhesive interface was identified as the dominant failure mode and fracture mechanics and stress based approach are presented in order to estimate the relevant failure load. A good agreement between the analytical-numerical results and experimental data is achieved.     

CFRP索斜拉桥动态特性的有限元分析及动态试验

介绍了国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥的工程概况;建立了该桥的三维空间梁壳杆系有限元动态分析模型,进行了结构动态特性有限元分析;进行了环境激励下国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥结构动态特性的测试,结合试验结果对国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥的动态特性进行了分析。同时,将实桥动态试验结果与有限元动态特性分析结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,有限元动态特性分析的低阶频率和振型与试验测得的频率与振型结果基本吻合。笔者等试验及相关研究分析结论可为CFRP索桥梁的动态建模、动态特性分析、抗震抗风设计及CFRP新型缆索材料在桥梁工程中的进一步推广应用提供一定的参考依据。     

内置CFRP圆管的方钢管高强混凝土结构研究进展

该文进行了内置CFRP圆管的方钢管高强混凝土结构的轴压短柱、轴压中长柱、轴压长柱、纯弯构件、单向偏压短柱、单向偏压中长柱、双向偏压短柱、双向偏压中长柱的试验研究和有限元模拟,分析了内置CFRP圆管的方钢管高强混凝土结构各类基本构件的受力全过程以及破坏模式,并提出了用于计算该结构各类基本构件的承载力以及变形的计算公式。在试验研究和数值模拟的基础上,将此种新型组合结构构件的力学性能与方钢管混凝土构件的力学性能进行了比较分析。     

考虑翘曲效应的薄壁曲梁几何非线性分析

利用UL法研究了开口薄壁曲线梁几何非线性分析问题。采用多项式插值函数表示位移场。考虑了翘曲自由度及曲率效应模拟开口薄壁曲梁的结构行为。所有位移参数定义于截面形心以便在弹性应变能中包括弯扭耦合项。利用修正的弧长法求解非线性方程,跟踪荷载位移曲线。用算例对提出的方法进行了验证,表明了薄壁曲梁的分析中翘曲变形不可忽略。     

基于细观仿真建模的CFRP细观破坏

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)在细观上呈现纤维、树脂及界面组成的混合态,其切削加工过程的实质为刀具作用下材料细观层面的破坏至切屑宏观形成的演化过程。为了揭示CFRP切削加工过程中材料的细观破坏,建立了CFRP切削的细观有限元模型。该模型在几何上包含了纤维、基体及界面等组成相,而不是使用传统的等效均质建模方法。各组成相不仅考虑了各自不同的材料本构,而且为了能够模拟材料破坏,还将各组成相材料的失效及演化准则考虑其中。该模型可从细观层面更真实地模拟不同纤维角度CFRP单向板切削过程中纤维/基体断裂、界面开裂及演化的过程。仿真结果表明:不同纤维角度下CFRP细观破坏不同,切削0℃FRP时以界面开裂和纤维弯断为主;切削45°/90℃FRP时主要是刀具侵入工件,纤维基体被压断;切削135℃FRP时则以纤维弯曲断裂为主,断裂面往往在加工面以下。通过实验显微在线观测手段验证了模拟结果的正确性。      

CFRP加固混凝土梁各受力阶段的剥离机理

粘贴碳纤维片加固混凝土梁的试验数据和破坏模式表明,在锚固措施可靠的情况下,界面粘贴失效或基面混凝土剥离是加固混凝土梁的主要早期破坏形态。为研究混凝土梁不同受力阶段对界面粘结失效或混凝土剥离的影响程度,针对实际加固工程中常见的混凝土梁损伤状况并结合室内试验结果,分别研究了粘贴碳纤维片加固完整梁及不同开裂程度梁在不同受力阶段中的界面应力分布与剥离机理,指出了加固梁的开裂或裂缝扩展是导致界面或粘贴基面混凝土剥离的主要原因。最后,结合实际混凝土梁的损伤特点,提出了加固设计施工过程中的注意事项及应采取的技术措施。     

钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱梁柱中节点非线性有限元模拟

借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,对5个"梁贯通"式RCS梁柱中节点进行三维非线性有限元分析,并和试验结果相比较。分析中考虑材料非线性以及混凝土的开裂与压碎。对单元类型的选取、钢和混凝土材料模型的定义、整体有限元模型的建立、施加荷载、设置求解选项并求解等数值模拟技术进行了深入的研究。研究表明,通过合理设置参数,ANSYS有限元软件能够模拟RCS梁柱节点在静力荷载作用下的性能,并和试验结果吻合较好。     

混杂CFRP/GFRP筋HPC梁的非线性梁壳组合单元研究

对于混杂CFRP/GFRP筋高性能混凝土（HPC）梁, 研究一种新的三维非线性梁壳组合单元, 对HPC梁进行了全过程分析。引入实体退化壳单元理论, 利用空间梁单元模拟预应力CFRP筋, 并根据CFRP筋单元节点线位移和转角位移的协调性, 推导CFRP筋单元对梁壳组合单元刚度矩阵的贡献, 同时对GFRP筋和HPC梁采用分层壳单元模拟。并运用Jiang屈服准则、 Madrid强化准则等描述混凝土的材料非线性, 提出一种新的非线性梁壳组合单元, 研制相应的三维非线性计算程序。计算结果与试验数据吻合良好, 说明本文构造的非线性梁壳组合单元的正确性和研制程序的可靠性, 以及混凝土材料非线性描述的合理性; 采用组合单元能准确模拟CFRP筋的几何构形, 能综合考虑其拉压弯剪性能, 利于全面地反映配筋对结构的增强作用。      

外包钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土偏压柱受力全过程分析

在试验研究的基础上,对外包钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土偏压柱这一新型加固形式进行了理论分析,并编制了非线性分析程序BC,根据其计算结果绘制了荷载-挠度全过程曲线,与14根偏心柱试验结果比较,吻合较好。同时在此基础上分析了长细比、含角钢率、含碳纤维布率和偏心距等因素对复合加固偏压构件力学性能的影响。分析结果表明:含碳纤维布率和含角钢率越大,构件长细比以及荷载的偏心距越小,加固效果越好。最后,对外包钢、碳纤维布和混凝土柱之间的粘结和锚固措施进行了分析,结果表明:胶层的弹性模量、胶层厚度、角钢厚度和植筋都是影响复合加固柱粘结的主要因素,对加固柱的破坏形态和承载力有较大影响。     

基于M-Ф关系的工形PC弯曲梁的宏观分析模型

工形预应力混凝土(PC)梁在实际工程结构中的应用非常广泛,T形、倒T形和矩形梁都是工形梁的特殊简化形式,建立简单实用的工形PC梁的分析模型非常有实际意义．从材料非线性本构关系出发,通过截面分析导出工形PC截面的弯矩一曲率(M-Ф)关系,由此确定沿梁长度方向所有单元的抗弯刚度,建立起考虑材料非线性的工形PC弯曲梁的宏观有限元模型．试验梁分析结果与试验数据对比表明,该模型能模拟PC弯曲梁整个加载过程的非线性结构响应．     

Vibration analysis of beams with non‐local foundations using the finite element method

In this paper, a non‐local viscoelastic foundation model is proposed and used to analyse the dynamics of beams with different boundary conditions using the finite element method. Unlike local foundation models the reaction of the non‐local model is obtained as a weighted average of state variables over a spatial domain via convolution integrals with spatial kernel functions that depend on a distance measure. In the finite element analysis, the interpolating shape functions of the element displacement field are identical to those of standard two‐node beam elements. However, for non‐local elasticity or damping, nodes remote from the element do have an effect on the energy expressions, and hence the damping and stiffness matrices. The expressions of these direct and cross‐matrices for stiffness and damping may be obtained explicitly for some common spatial kernel functions. Alternatively numerical integration may be applied to obtain solutions. Numerical results for eigenvalues and associated eigenmodes of Euler–Bernoulli beams are presented and compared (where possible) with results in literature using exact solutions and Galerkin approximations. The examples demonstrate that the finite element technique is efficient for the dynamic analysis of beams with non‐local viscoelastic foundations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis of multilayered CFRP retrofitted RC beams with partial interaction

This paper presents a theoretical model to simulate the behaviour of RC beams strengthened with multilayered CFRP matrix allowing for inter-layer slip. An element of the composite beam is assumed to be subjected to a system of forces that satisfy equilibrium and compatibility of deformations. The inter-layer slip is allowed for by relating the differential strain at the interfaces between the CFRP layers and the concrete to the longitudinal shear flow at the corresponding interface through the shear stiffness of the adhesive layer. The basic differential equations are derived in terms of displacement variables and solved numerically using finite differences. The results of the numerical simulation included slip values along the interfaces, maximum slip values, stresses and strains and deflections. The results compare reasonably well with experimental findings.     

Al/CFRP混合薄壁结构耐撞性能可靠性优化设计

轻量化是实现汽车产业向安全、节能、环保发展的一个重要途径。Al/CFRP（carbon fiber reinforced plastic,碳纤维增强复合材料）混合材料能够在提升轻量化效果的同时兼顾材料成本和结构耐撞性能。为探索方形截面Al/CFRP混合薄壁结构的最佳组合方式,首先,制备了Al方管、CFRP方管和Al/CFRP混合方管,并开展准静态压溃实验。然后,建立能够精确模拟Al/CFRP混合方管压溃响应的有限元模型。最后,将试验设计方法、代理模型技术、多目标优化算法和蒙特卡罗模拟技术相结合,对Al/CFRP混合方管分别进行多目标确定性与可靠性优化设计,并对效果较好的可靠性优化解进行仿真验证。准静态压溃实验结果表明,Al/CFRP混合方管具有优异的耐撞性能;优化结果表明,可靠性优化解的约束可靠度相比于确定性优化解提高了10.96%,大大降低了失效概率,具有更强的实用性。研究结果有望对Al/CFRP混合薄壁吸能构件的优化设计提供参考。     

Modelling of fatigue damage progression and life of CFRP laminates

A progressive fatigue damage model has been developed for predicting damage accumulation and life of carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates with arbitrary geometry and stacking sequence subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading. The model comprises the components of stress analysis, fatigue failure analysis and fatigue material property degradation. Stress analysis of the composite laminate was performed by creating a three‐dimensional finite element model in the ANSYS FE code. Fatigue failure analysis was performed by using a set of Hashin‐type failure criteria and the Ye‐delamination criterion. Two types of material property degradations on the basis of element stiffness and strength were applied: a sudden degradation because of sudden failure detected by the fatigue failure criteria and a gradual degradation because of the nature of cyclic loading, which is driven by the increased number of cycles. The gradual degradation of the composite material was modelled by using functions relating the residual stiffness and residual strength of the laminate to the number of cycles. All model components have been programmed in the ANSYS FE code in order to create a user‐friendly macro‐routine. The model has been applied in two different quasi‐isotropic CFRP laminates subjected to tension–compression (T–C) fatigue and the predictions of fatigue life and damage accumulation as a function of the number of cycles were compared with experimental data available in the literature. A very good agreement was obtained.     

碳纤维对工程结构加固的试验研究

碳纤维及其复合材料是伴随着军工事业的发展而成长起来的新型材料,碳纤维布由于其高强、轻质、耐腐蚀等优点而广泛用于结构加固中,与其它加固方法相比,碳纤维布加固具有易于施工、工效高、造价低且耐腐蚀等优点.本文在总结前人工作基础上,研制了用于碳纤维布加固的GF结构胶,并测试了其物理力学性能;通过试验研究了碳纤维布加固梁在荷载作用下的挠度、强度、裂缝展开情况及破坏模式.试验结果表明,经过碳纤维布加固的梁,其承载能力和刚度均较未加固梁有较大幅度的增加,采用碳纤维布加固对裂缝的开展有明显的约束效果.