文峪河水库右岸潜在滑动块体稳定计算分析

根据文峪河水库右岸滑动块体的地质特征，通过多种情况计算分析滑动块体的稳定性为加固处理及工程设计提供了可靠依据，得出该滑动块体具有潜在滑动的条件和可能，应采取抗滑措施。     

松江湖畔天地项目改造实施

以松江湖畔天地项目改造为例,介绍了其改造要求,针对该项目的改造存在技术风险大、工期长等特点,提出了合理的改造方案,对改造实施要点进行了论述,并探讨了安全保护措施,从而保证该项目的施工质量.     

Pesticides in the Rhône river delta (France): Basic data for a field-based exposure assessment

The pesticide concentration levels flowing into paddy fields and surrounding lagoons of the Rhône river delta were investigated over a period of 6 months in 2004. Water samples were collected at the outlets of the major ditches and in the lagoons in order to study the seasonal variation in pesticide concentrations and the spatial contamination profile. Twenty four pesticides were monitored, mainly herbicides and insecticides. Rice pesticides accounted for 90% of the detection rates while the pesticides transported by the Rhône river water dissolved phase only accounted for 10%. Pretilachlor, oxadiazon, MCPA and bentazone herbicides were found at the highest frequencies into the effluent waters of ditches with maximum concentration levels of 1.2, 0.8, 2.5 and 1.6 μg/L, respectively. Only one insecticide, tebufenozide, was sporadically detected at a maximum concentration level of 0.12 μg/L. There were two main peaks of contamination. The first one in April corresponded to the use of pre-emergence herbicides (oxadiazon and pretilachlor) and the second one in June was related to the post-emergence herbicides (MCPA and bentazone). These concentration peaks were well correlated with the pesticide application period time and rapid pesticide transfer (1–2 weeks) from fields to lagoons were observed. Increased loads of the pre-emergence herbicides were induced by the specific management of paddy fields which includes water emptying of fields before and after rice seeding. Pesticide dissipation into the lagoons occurred very quickly and the duration of the exposure of non-target aquatic organisms to high pesticide concentrations (in total a few μg/L level) was no longer than 2 weeks. According to the physico-chemical properties of the chemicals, contrasting results were observed when studying the spatial variation in pesticide concentrations through the lagoons. The concentrations of bentazone and MCPA, two substances with high phototransformation abilities, quickly decreased between the ditches and the lagoons while the oxadiazon and pretilachlor concentrations were more homogeneous.     

Investigation of upper oligotrophic mires in the middle Ob basin (West Siberia)

The paper presents results of research into the upper ecosystems and convex forms of peat mires of moss (oligotrophic) type in the Ob basin area. We have determined four types of upper mire ecosystems, and have described their morphometric, botanical and hydro-chemical properties. These studies allow us to evaluate the structure and functioning of the upper mire ecosystems.     

On the taxonomic composition of the graylings (Thymallidae) from the Ob and Yenisei River Basins

Abstract

The article offers a general view of the graylings (Thymallidae) from the largest Siberian river basins, namely those of the Ob and Yenisei, including the Khantayskoye and Baikal Lakes. It provides data on some of the most important morphological features. It is shown that it is erroneous to consider the graylings only within the subspecies Thymallus arcticus arcticus. The reservoirs of the Altai-Sayan highlands, which drain to the north into the inland waters of Mongolia, should also be considered, as one of the two major centres of speciation and morphogenesis for graylings.     

四川鸭嘴坝址右岸滑坡对坝址选择影响的分析

对四川凉山州鸭嘴河拟建鸭嘴坝址进行地质勘察之后,证实坝址右岸存在一个较大的基岩滑坡,预计在设计水库水位时,滑坡体将产生滑塌成为右岸的不稳定因素,从而使右坝肩存在稳定和渗漏等严重工程地质问题,故建议放弃鸭嘴坝址。     

浅谈美国的交通信息系统

介绍了美国信息技术在交通领域的具体应用,包括GIS的路面管理系统、ITS技术和交通管理信息系统,重点对美国的智能交通系统进行了深入探讨,提出了我国应借鉴美国的成功经验发展智能交通技术的建议,以满足我国的交通要求。     

从牡绥线初测谈滨河路堤的水文计算

通过对牡绥线初测中穆棱河滨河路堤的计算,阐述了路堤平面布设的原则,简单介绍了影响波浪侵袭高的因素和滨河路堤的计算方法,以供参考借鉴。     

某水电站工程右岸大型滑坡体处理施工技术

结合工程概况,针对水电站工程右岸发生的大型滑坡体,对削坡减载、坡面截水、排水、坡面挂网、喷锚支护、抗滑桩支挡等多种施工处理方法进行了详细介绍,以保证该水电站工程的安全使用,为今后处理类似工程的施工提供了借鉴。     

The effects of human impact on spatial structure of the riparian vegetation along the Ashida river, Japan

A vegetation map was prepared to clarify both the differences of patch size in each vegetation type and the changes of patch size in each river reach in the Ashida river running through the east part of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. With use of this map, the area and perimeter of each patch were measured. The microscale landform and distance from the river mouth of each patch were also recorded to analyze the habitat of vegetation and land-use. The vegetation and land-use types in the river were reflected in different patch size distributions. These were roughly divided into following four groups by cluster analysis: group A characteristic of large size patches occupying the major part; group B comprising a variety of patches from large size to small size; group C consisting of small patches covering the major part and group D with small number of patches. The vegetation types in group A tended to be observed mainly on river bank slope and major bed, while group B had a trend to occur mainly on minor bed and waterside lowland. For further scrutinization, the distributions of patch size in vertical course of the river were addressed after dividing the major part of the stream into four sections namely, 0–10, 11–20, 21–30 and 31–43 km from the river mouth, respectively. The smaller patches become dominant as the river reaches go upstream. The major vegetation types in group A were observed on artificial lands including bank slope and major bed, suggesting that human impacts such as flood protection works and regular mowing affected the spatial structure of riparian vegetation.     

Biodiversity of the vascular plants in the young fluvioglacial landscapes in the Severo-Chuiskiy centre of present-day glaciation (the Central Altai)

Abstract

This article reports the species richness of vascular plants in the young fluvioglacial landscapes in the Severo-Chuiskiy centre of present-day glaciation using the example of the fluvioglacial deposits of the mountain-glacial basin Aktru. These landscapes are four well distinguished classes of habitats: open pebble fields with minimal vegetation, young larch forests on elevated parts of the relief, shrub thickets on the banks of the Aktru river, and sites with ground-frazil near the valley slopes. There are 132 species of vascular plants in the young fluvioglacial landscapes. These include 36 families and 77 genera. There are 3 species of pteridophytes (only Equisetum), 4 species of gymnosperms, and 125 species of angiosperms. The highest species diversity was recorded for Asteraceae, Poaceae and Salicaceae families, and for Salix, Poa, and Carex genera. The highest species richness – 100 species – were recorded for open pebble fields. There were 76 species in the young larch forests, and 58 species occurred in shrub thickets. The lowest richness is characterised for the sites with ground frazil, where 31 species were recorded.     

江(海)底公路隧道安全疏散设计初探

结合杭州钱江通道及接线工程隧道的工程实例，分析了过江公路隧道的火灾危险性，并通过对国内外典型公路隧道工程的分析比较，探讨了过江（海）隧道的安全疏散设计，提出了解决江（海）底公路隧道安全疏散问题的基本方法。     

Bio-diversity and population structure of rove beetles (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae) in the flood plain habitats of the Ob and Irtysh basin

The study of Staphylinidae fauna in the Ob river flood plain was conducted from May to September 2010, and in the Irtysh flood plain from May to August, in 2013–2014. Pitfall traps together with hand collecting and soil sample sorting were used. The maximal bio-diversity (32 species, with Philonthus decorus Grav. dominating) and density of rove beetles were registered in the small-leaved forests of the Ob flood plain. In the Irtysh river flood plain rove beetles demonstrated maximal bio-diversity (16 species) in willow-shrub, Gymnusa brevicollis Grav., Philonthus albipes Grav. and Philonthus agilis Grav. dominating. Most Staphylinidae prefer wet and warm places, like an inner part of fluvial sediments or upper level of forest litter. In the forests’ ecosystems the peak of activity takes place between the beginning of June and mid-July, but it shifts to the end of summer in the wetlands of the Ob and Irtysh flood plain.     

Effect of river landscape on the sediment concentrations of antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARG)

The purpose of this study was to quantify antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the sediments of the mixed-landscape Cache La Poudre River, which has previously been studied and shown to have high concentrations of antibiotics related to urban and agricultural activities. River sediments were sampled during two events (high-flow and low-flow) from five sites with varying urban and agricultural impact levels. Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) detection assays were conducted for four sulfonamide resistance gene families, using newly designed primers, and five tetracycline resistance gene families, using previously published primers. Sul(I), sul(II), tet(W), and tet(O) gene families were further quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Resistance to four classes of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, ionophores, and macrolides) was also investigated using a culture-based approach. The quantities of resistance genes normalized to the 16S gene copy number were significantly different between the sites, with higher resistance gene concentrations at the impacted sites than at the pristine site. Total resistant CFUs were over an order of magnitude lower at the pristine site, but differences were less apparent when normalized to the total CFUs. Six tetracyclines and six sulfonamides were also quantified in the sediments and were found to be highest at sites impacted by urban and agricultural activity, with no antibiotics detected at the pristine sit. To the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to demonstrate a relationship between urban and agricultural activity and microbial resistance in river sediments using quantitative molecular tools.     

A new species of Platygaster (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared from Orseolia javanica (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on cogon grass,Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae)

Platygaster orseoliae sp. n. is described from West Java, Indonesia, reared from Orseolia javanica on cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica, with information on the parasitism rate of P. orseoliae and of other parasitoid wasp species reared from O. javanica in connection with the present study. The affinities of P. orseoliae are discussed, and the rearing method is briefly described.     

山地城市滨水区规划的探索与思考——以福安市富春溪西岸控制性详细规划为例

山地城市滨水区是目前福建最常见的开发土地类型之一。本文以福安市富春溪西岸控制性详细规划为例,针对这类地区规划中普遍存在的特点和难点问题,从用地布局、地块划分、交通组织、空间形态、竖向设计等方面进行了实践与思考,以引导山地城市滨水区的可持续发展。     

Influence of river discharge patterns on the hydrodynamics and potential contaminant dispersion in the Douro estuary (Portugal)

Freshwater input to estuaries is a fundamental feature of these ecosystems, which may be profoundly altered by river damming as human needs for water consumption, irrigation or energy production increase. The Douro estuary is limited upstream by a dam since 1985, which reduced its length by ca. 60%. Freshwater inputs to the estuary are now irregular and greatly dependent on hydroelectric power demand; values ranging from zero to over 1000 m³ s⁻¹, in a matter of hours, especially in summer are common. In the present study, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to the Douro estuary. The model was calibrated and validated against water elevation, current velocity, salinity and temperature data. Thereafter, it was used to analyse the effects of different flow regimes and magnitudes on estuarine hydrodynamics and contaminant dispersion. Results obtained suggest that the highly variable flow regimes, currently observed in the Douro, tend to reduce water column stratification and to enhance seawater intrusion, when compared with flow discharges of similar average magnitude, but lower variability. Stable flows seem to be the most effective in dispersing contaminants eventually introduced into the estuary through its small river tributaries. Overall results suggest that flow management may have important effects on estuarine hydrodynamics through non-linear interactions between flow magnitude and variability.     

关于引黄工程中埋涵（管）防止渗漏的探讨

针对防止埋涵（管）发生渗漏这一课题的重要性,从建筑材料的选择、外加剂的搭配和施工过程质量控制等方面出发,采取了相应的防止措施,从而增加结构的可靠性和耐久性,避免埋涵（管）发生渗漏现象。     

Antimicrobial resistance of fecal bacteria in waters of the Seine river watershed (France)

We studied the prevalences of antimicrobial resistance (AR) and multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) among the fecal bacteria found in the rivers of a large watershed under strong anthropogenic pressures, the Seine river watershed (France). Two groups of fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, were tested for their susceptibility to 16 and 10 antimicrobials respectively, using the disk diffusion method. We found that 42% of the 214 E. coli river isolates were AR (resistant to at least one antimicrobial) and 35% were MAR (resistant to at least two antimicrobials). Among the 148 intestinal enterococci isolates from rivers, 83% were AR and 49% were MAR. We also investigated the sources of AR fecal bacteria found in the rivers of the watershed. A total of 715 E. coli isolates and 476 intestinal enterococci isolates were collected in point sources (municipal and hospital wastewaters) and non-point sources (surface runoff and soil leaching waters from agricultural or forest areas). For E. coli, the prevalence of AR differed widely from source to source and ranked in this order: hospital wastewaters (71%) > municipal wastewaters (44%) > agricultural non-point sources (16%) > forest non-point sources (2%). The prevalence of MAR ranked similarly, and the same trend was observed for intestinal enterococci. The AR level of fecal bacteria in the sources was related to their expected exposure level to antimicrobials before their release into the environment. A MAR index was calculated for every source and a good discrimination between them was thus obtained. At the global scale of the Seine river watershed, domestic wastewaters seemed more likely to be the predominant source of the AR fecal bacteria found in the rivers. This was corroborated by the similarity of the MAR indices from river and municipal wastewater isolates for both fecal indicators.     

孟村县宣惠河高姚节制闸复合计算分析报告

介绍了河北孟村回族自治县高姚节制闸基本情况,并通过对闸室、机架桥、闸门等部位进行调查计算,提出了水闸鉴定方案,为下一步维修水闸提供了计算依据。