Special issue on selected papers from HVDP 2020

正High-voltage and discharge plasma technology is playing an increasingly important role in the construction of national economy and social development,and has attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry. As a novel molecular activation method, discharge plasma can enable thermodynamically difficult reactions to occur under relatively mild conditions, and its effectiveness has successfully been demonstrated in gas cleaning and material surface treatment.     

相转移法制备137Cs 3D打印用光敏树脂的可行性研究

为弥补目前国内外精密异形放射源制备工艺的不足,将3D打印技术引入放射源制备领域。本研究采用相转移方法制备¹³³Cs 3D打印用光敏树脂,使用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行检测,探索制备条件。并通过溴化镧探测器对制备的¹³⁷Cs 3D打印用光敏树脂材料进行检测。结果表明,通过相转移方法制备的三种¹³³Cs 3D打印用光敏树脂和¹³⁷Cs 3D打印用光敏树脂中铯元素分布不均匀度<5%。相转移法作为一种操作简便、反应条件温和的方法可用于制备含有铯元素的3D打印用光敏树脂,且具有一定普适性。     

Plasma processing for integrated circuits

The steady advance of integrated circuit technology is one of the most remarkable technology trends in this era of technological revolution. For example, the 64-k memory chips of the early 1980s are now being replaced by 4-M and even 16-M chips. This trend is expected to continue with chips at the giga-bit level being available in a decade. The needs for ultraviolet and then X-ray lithography to define the submicron features needed for these larger, denser chips have been widely discussed. However, in parallel, the equipment (referred to as tools in the industry) and related processes to carry out the deposition and etching steps needed to actually produce devices in the tenth-micron range also require significant development. This paper summarizes present and anticipated contributions of magnetic fusion plasma theory and diagnostics and plasma production technology at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the development of integrated circuit production technology. The discussion is introduced with a review of past technology evolution and of the present economic context for manufacturing.     

PTFE表面辐照改性研究进展

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)是一种具有润滑、绝缘及化学惰性的工程塑料,被广泛地用于电子、化工、纺织、医疗、机械、环境等领域。由于C—F键能高以及氟原子规整地排列在C—C链骨架上,因此PTFE表面能极低且表面润湿性和粘结性差,需要进行表面改性以增强PTFE与其它材料的界面亲和性。通过伽马射线/电子束和低温等离子体对PTFE进行辐照接枝改性和功能化修饰,能够有效地改善和优化其表面性能,使PTFE材料得到更好的利用。低温等离子体技术尤其适合PTFE表面改性处理,因为它不会导致PTFE本体材料的降解。本文综述了国内外关于PTFE表面辐照改性及应用的研究进展。     

Non-thermal plasma treatment as a new biotechnology in relation to seeds,dry fruits,and grains

Non-thermal plasma(NTP) technology offers wide potential use in the food technology, the same as in the unconventional agriculture. Some seeds, dry fruits, grains and their sprouts gain popularity in the culinary industry as ‘raw seeds'. This review paper draws the current research and trends in NTP pre-treatment of selected seeds/fruits that are useable as ‘raw seeds'. The main applications are connected with activation of seed germination, early growth of seedlings,microbial inactivation of seed/fruit surface, and possibility of increasing quantity of biological active compounds in sprouting seeds. The paper presents a list of plant species that are able to be used as ‘raw seed' including current information about main type of NTP treatment implemented.     

Design and technological solutions for the plasma facing components of WENDELSTEIN 7-X

The operation of W7-X stellarator for pulse length up to 30 min with 10 MW input power requires a full set of actively water-cooled plasma facing components. From the lower thermally loaded area of the wall protection system designed for an averaged load of 100 kW/m² to the higher loaded area of the divertor up to 10 MW/m², various design and technological solutions have been developed meeting the high load requirements and coping with the restricted available space and the particular 3D-shaped geometry of the plasma vessel. 80 ports are dedicated alone to the water-cooling of plasma facing components and a complex networking of kilometers of pipework will be installed in the plasma vessel to connect all components to the cooling system. An advanced technology was developed in collaboration with industry for the target elements of the high heat flux (HHF) divertor, the so-called “bi-layer” technology for the bonding of flat tiles made from CFC NB31 onto the CuCrZr cooling structure. The design, R&D and the adopted technological solutions of plasma facing components are presented. At present, except the HHF divertor, most of plasma facing components has been already manufactured.     

Controlling fine particles in flue gas from lead-zinc smelting by plasma technology

With the aim of controlling the problem of fine particles in the flue gas of lead-zinc smelting, a low-temperature plasma-electrocoagulation and electric bag composite dedusting experimental platform was designed by combining electrocoagulation and electric bag composite dust removal technology based on the research of low-temperature plasma technology. Firstly, the properties of fine particles in flue gas from lead-zinc smelting were analyzed, and the effects of input voltage, filter wind speed, dust concentration, and pulse-jet ash-cleaning cycle on the dust collection efficiency of the integrated device were studied. Then, the energy efficiency of the integrated technology was analyzed, and the control mechanism of the fine particles was revealed. The experimental results show that the integrated technology of low-temperature plasma-electrocoagulation and electric bag composite dust removal achieves a fine particle removal efficiency of more than 99.99% and the energy consumption per unit mass of the dust is only 0.008 k W·h/g. The integrated technology has broad application prospects and farreaching practical significance for the lead-zinc smelting industry to achieve ultra-low emission targets for flue gas and achieve energy-saving and emission reduction effects.     

射线技术在工业领域的应用

射线技术在工业生产中应用的广度和深度不断拓展,世界民用非动力核技术产业的规模已经达到了万亿美元。本文系统地介绍了射线技术在工业领域的应用与发展状况,尤其是我国在工业核仪器仪表、核分析、核测井、无损检测和辐照加工等方面的发展历程、取得的进步及面临的挑战,并提出了发展建议,展望发展趋势。     

中国核技术应用产业发展现状

核技术应用作为高技术产业逐渐受到政府重视,并于“十三五”正式被国家纳入加强前瞻布局的战略性新兴产业.为更好地把握核技术应用产业高速发展的战略机遇期,本文在《2016-2017核技术应用学科发展报告》研究的基础上,通过进一步调查研究,总结了我国核技术在工业、医学、农业和社会安全领域应用的整体发展情况,以及2018年以来取...     

特种废物等离子体处理技术的应用与研究

简单介绍了等离子体的基本概念及其热等离子体废物处理技术的基本原理,从几个方面总结介绍了固体废物等离子体处理技术的应用与研究。与常规处理方法相比较,采用热等离子体特种废物处理技术其先进性和优越性得到进一步显现,成为特种废物处理领域最有发展前途,最引人关注的高科技处理技术之一。文章还简单介绍了作者在实验室热等离子体技术工作中的一些实验结果以及核工业西南物理研究院在引进、吸收、消化、发展国外等离子体炬和在研制等离子体炬新型电源方面所做的一些工作。     

The next European torus (NET): Objectives,design approach,and planning

Conclusions The performance requirements of NET are defined by its main objectives. These are the demonstration of controlled ignited burn of a D-T plasma over times of at least 100 s, the demonstration of reliable operation of a fusion plant, and the provision of a test bed for the development of the plasma facing and nuclear components needed for the initial operation of a DEMO reactor.A design approach has been developed on the basis of present experience while considering the extent to which an improved data base can be obtained from the investigations now under way and that can be completed within the next few years. In particular, the machine parameters and design solutions have been selected such that—to the extent possible—uncertainties in plasma performance and plasma-wall interaction can be accommodated.A reference set of basic machine parameters has been defined which is consistent with a range of plasma parameters and configurations: a plasma current up to 15 MA, elongations up to 2.2, as well as single and double null configurations. The current can be ramped-up and driven inductively for burn pulses of 200 s or more; noninductive current drive allows the pulse duration to be extended, if used for current ramp-up assist, and may be used for steadystate operation in a nonignited mode. This flexibility is an essential feature of the NET device.The predesign of NET is now in an advanced stage and the design solutions adopted are being verified by an extensive technology program in the Associated European Institutions and in industry.Upon completion of the predesign, taking into account the improvements expected in the physics and technology data bases by the end of 1989, the next major milestone of the NET program is the decision on the detailed design phase and its support by major prototype construction and tests.     

Concept,production and validation of a 3D-printed coil frame for the UST_2 modular stellarator

Geometric complexity of stellarators hampers a straightforward production of conceived optimised magnetic configurations. Integration of the engineering design with new fabrication methods may reduce the production cost and accelerate the production process. A fast cycle production of experimental fusion devices also might result in a faster advance in fusion plasma science. Several different stellarators could be used to test configurations for improved turbulent transport or to validate new divertor configurations. In this framework, and based on the results from the previously built UST_1 stellarator, the present work try to study and validate the feasibility of 3D printing methods (additive manufacturing) for small experimental stellarators. The paper summarises the engineering development, fabrication and validation of a coil frame test sector for the UST_2 stellarator. The definition of the Last Closed Flux Surface and winding surface for the test sector is based on an optimised quasi-isodynamic poloidal stellarator, modified for enhanced in-vessel remote handling manipulation and wide space for divertors. A Filled-sparse coil frame concept is developed to still keep low the cost in spite of the present expensive 3D printing materials and printers.     

Characteristics of Gliding Arc Discharge Plasma

A gliding arc discharge plasma and its characteristics are described. Analysis of the production principle of the plasma is presented. Some experimental results about two novel types of the gliding arc plasma generator have been obtained. These types of gliding arc plasma axe potentially usable in the chemical industry and environmental engineering.     

核电厂应急操作规程的现状及其发展趋势

本文叙述了核电厂应急操作规程的现状及不足之处,介绍了世界上在这方面的发展趋势:以基于征兆的应急操作规程来补充或替代基于事件的应急操作规程;采用现代微机数据处理技术改进规程的编制、修改、打印和显示;利用人工智能技术最终开发出核电厂运行专家系统,以帮助运行人员处理事故,减少人因错误。     

电子束辐射技术在粘胶工业中的应用

在粘胶纤维的陈化工艺中,纤维素分子的氧化裂解较难控制,而纤维素分子的电子束辐射裂解的优点很明显,介绍了电子束辐射技术在粘胶纤维工业中应用的可行性,并从技术、工艺、经济和环境保护等方面讨论了用电子束辐射技术代替纤维素分子氧化裂解工艺的可行性。介绍了国个电子束技术用于粘胶生产的研究进展。     

超临界流体萃取镧系和锕系元素研究进展北大核心CSCD

镧系和锕系元素的分离是核工业中研究的热点问题,常规的溶剂萃取法步骤复杂,在萃取过程中会产生大量的二次废液。超临界流体萃取(supercritical fluid extraction,SFE)技术是一种新型化工分离技术,由于其步骤简单、过程清洁,近年来该项技术应用于金属离子萃取方面的研究越来越多。本文综述了近十年来超临界流体(supercritical fluid,SCF)在镧系和锕系元素萃取方面的研究进展,发现目前的研究大部分集中在采用超临界萃取技术从各种复杂样品中萃取铀,通过对所用样品的对比与总结,分析了该技术在工业应用中的可能性。     

放射源的制备技术及其应用

介绍了放射源制备的主要技术、我国放射源研究和应用现状,提出了我国在放射源制备和应用方面需要重点关注的方向,以推动放射源在科学研究、医学和工业自动化等领域的应用。     

Expert system applications to nuclear power for enhancement of productivity and performance

Expert system technology has matured enough to offer a great deal of promise for a number of application areas in the electric utility industry. These applications can enhance productivity and aid in decision-making. Two parallel efforts are being performed at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to help the electric utility industry take advantage of expert system technology. The first effort is the development of expert system building tools which are tailored to electric utility industry applications. The second effort is the development of expert system applications. These two efforts complement each other. The application development tests the tools and identifies additional tool capabilities which are required. The tool development helps define the applications which can be successfully developed. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the tool and application development work which is being performed at EPRI for the electric utility industry.     

质谱学在核科学技术中的应用概况及其展望

评述了质谱学在核科学技术中的应用概况。重点阐述了在核燃料工业、核反应堆工业和核数据测量中的应用，并对今后发展提出了看法。