预正火对GCr15钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

研究了经不同温度预正火的ＧＣｒ１５钢奥氏体化后的晶粒尺寸。结果发现，适当温度的预正火可以细化奥氏体的晶粒；随着预正火温度的升高．晶粒粗化温度降低。     

GCr15钢非平衡组织激光回热时的组织转变

对ＧＣｒ１５钢过热淬火和回火组织激光回热时的组织转变进行了研究。结果表明，快速加热时原始组织中的残余奥氏体未发生分解，直接向周围以扩散机制长大，导致原粗大奥氏体晶粒的恢复。加热温度进一步升高将发生奥氏体再结晶，使组织细化，再结晶核心优先在粗大马氏体片处形成。深冷处理有助于避免和消除组织遗传。     

GCr15钢非平衡组织激光加热时的组织转变

对ＣＣｒ１５钢过热淬火和回火组织激光加热时的组织转变进行了研究。结果表明，快速加热时原始组织中的残余奥氏体未发生分解，直接向周围以扩散机制长大，导致原粗大奥氏体晶粒的恢复。加热温度进一步升高将发生奥氏体再结晶，使组织细化，再结晶核心优先在粗大马氏体片处形成。深冷处理有助于避免和消除组织遗传。     

40Cr钢宽带激光淬火组织和性能研究

对４０Ｃｒ钢宽带激光淬火组织和硬度分布进行了较细致的研究，结果表明，激光淬火区组织结构和硬度沿层深明显变化，淬火区中奥氏体呈薄膜状，不连续地分布于马多体间，除位错亚结构外，在局部地区还出现平行排列的微细孪晶组织。     

不均匀因子与工具钢奥氏体晶粒长大的控制

测定了Ｔ１０、ＧＣｒ１５、６ＣｒＷ２Ｓｉ、ＹＫ 等钢种在不同奥氏体化条件下的不均匀因子及其对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响规律。试验结果表明，不均匀因子与材料成分、原始组织及加热工艺密切相关。在临界点以上选取合适温度进行分级加热可有效地降低奥氏体不均匀因子，限制平均晶粒直径，最终晶粒度可比相同温度直接加热提高２ ～３ 级，从而既可遏制奥氏体晶粒的异常长大，又有利于调整奥氏体成分，为解决中碳高合金ＹＫ 钢的强韧化热处理提供了工艺途径。     

40Cr钢宽带激光淬火组织和性能研究

对４０Ｃｒ钢宽带激光淬火组织和硬度分布进行了较细致的研究,结果表明,激光淬火区组织结构和硬度沿层深明显变化,淬火区中奥氏体呈薄膜状,不连续地分布于马氏体间。除位错亚结构外,在局部地区还出现平行排列的微细孪晶组织     

不均匀因子工具钢奥氏体晶粒长大的控制

测定了Ｔ１０、ＧＣｒ１５、６ＣｒＷ２Ｓｉ、ＹＫ等钢种在不同奥氏体化条件下的不均匀因子及其对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响规律。试验结果表明，不均匀因子与材料成分，原始组织及加热工艺密切相关。在临界点以上选取合适温度进行分级加热可有效地降低奥氏体不均匀因子，限制平均晶粒直径，最终晶粒度可比相同温度直接加热提高２－３级，从而既可帽奥氏体晶粒体的异常长大，又有利调整奥氏体成人灵解决中碳高合金ＹＫ钢的强韧化热处理提     

高淬透性轴承钢GCr15SiMo的工艺性能

研究了高淬透性轴承钢ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｏ的热处理工艺。研究结果表明，ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｏ钢具有良好的热处理工艺性，从８３０－８７０℃油淬后，硬度在６５ＨＲＣ以上，淬裂敏感性小，并具有良好的抗回火性。可适用于制造要求尺寸稳定，在２５０℃以下工作的特大型轴承。试生产结果表明，ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｏ钢的淬透性明显地优于ＧＣｒ１５ＳｉＭｎ钢。     

喷射成形复合轧辊的显微组织

用喷射成形法制造Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢－碳钢复合轧辊，检验其表面沉积层显微组织，以研究喷射成形工艺的影响。通过金相、透射电镜、电子探针和Ｘ射线衍射等方法检查了Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢的组织特征。研究表明，喷射成形Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢的显微组织与传统方法加工的不同。喷射成形材料的晶粒为均匀，细小的等轴品，平均粒度约为１８μｍ，组织致密，无宏观偏析。在马氏体基体上，观察到相当数量的残余奥氏体，钢中经物的类型未变，Ｃｒ７     

铌对高强度51CrV钢组织及性能的影响

借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)与万能拉伸试验机等研究了铌元素的添加对51CrV钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸、淬火和回火组织以及力学性能的影响.结果表明:0Nb和0.02wt％Nb试验钢的奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为10.0μm和3.1μm,添加0.02wt％Nb的51CrV钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸显著细化、板条...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。