An-76真菌木聚糖酶漂白NaOH-AQ麦草浆的研究

探讨了用An-76真菌木聚糖酶漂白NaOH-AQ麦草浆，结果表明，经酶处理后纸浆白度和囊合度提高，KMnO4值降低，酶处理浆的可漂性增加，尤其对过氧化氲漂白影响较大，白度提高3%～4％ISO。酶处理浆的强度提高。     

两种木聚糖酶对麦草浆助漂的效果对比

本文对Pulpzyme HC木聚糖酶助漂NaOH-AQ麦草浆的条件进行了优化,并进一步与An-76真菌木聚糖酶助漂NaOH-AQ麦草浆的作用效果进行了对比.研究结果表明,Pulpzyme HC木聚糖酶助漂NaOH-AQ麦草浆的较佳条件为酶用量1AXU·g-1,浆浓8%,反应时间90min,pH值8.0,温度50℃.两种木聚糖酶对麦草浆HD两段无元素氯漂白的助漂试验表明,木聚糖酶Pulpzyme HC的预处理效果要好于An-76真菌木聚糖酶的预处理效果.     

麦草浆木聚糖酶预处理HD漂白研究

研究了木聚糖酶预处理HD漂白麦草浆的效果。结果表明：Au—PE89木聚糖酶预处理麦草浆的最佳条件为：酶用量50g／t，温度50℃，时间90～120min，pH值7.0。在HD漂白工艺中增加木聚糖酶预处理段，可使纸浆白度提高2．6％ISO，漂白废液CODcr含量减少约50％。     

采用淀粉改良的沉淀碳酸钙填料可以改进纸页性能

用粗酶(主要是木聚糖酶)处理经磨浆解离纤维得到的粗浆(而不是用酶直接预处理麦草)，然后用碱-过氧化氢溶液浸渍，并进一步磨浆制得麦草碱一过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)。结果表明：酶处理的最佳工艺条件为木聚糖酶用量10～15IU／g(对绝干麦草质量)，处理温度为50～60℃，处理时间90min，浆浓度5％～10％，起始pH值为5．0；化学品浸渍条件为氢氧化钠用量6％，过氧化氢用量2％，温度70～80℃，时间60～90min。通过木聚糖酶预处理，     

木聚糖酶处理抑制漂白麦草化学浆返黄的研究

探讨了木聚糖酶处理对漂白麦草化学浆返黄的抑制作用。结果表明，木聚糖酶处理较螯合处理和酸化处理能更有效地抑制漂白麦草化学浆的返黄，改善白度稳定性。其中CEHX处理流程对漂白麦草化学浆返黄的抑制效果最优，当酶用量为10U／g时，白度较CEH漂白浆提高4．2％ISO，干、湿热老化返黄改善率分别为115．2％和97．5％。     

麦草浆的木聚糖酶和漆酶/介体体系协同生物漂白研究

用产自黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)的木聚糖酶和产自担子菌(Basidiomycete sp.)的漆酶进行了麦草浆次氯酸盐漂前预处理的研究。找出了木聚糖酶和漆酶不同处理程序对麦草浆硬度和漂白白度的影响，并对漆酶、介体用量和酶处理时间进行了优化。结果表明，漆酶用量为5．0U／g，介体ABTS用量为0．1％，酶处理时间为120min；用LMS在0．1MPa氧压下处理麦草浆，纸浆硬度降低率比常压LMS处理浆提高21个百分点，即由10．5％提高到31．6％；经L-X处理的纸浆硬度比X-L低，漂白后纸浆白度分别比对照浆高3．9％ISO和3．0％ISO。     

木聚糖酶在麦草浆漂白中的应用

对于单段次氯酸盐漂白，木聚糖酶处理(X)可明显改善麦草浆的漂白性能，纸浆白度提高约5%ISO或在相同的白度下减少用氮量28%左右．但与木浆相比处理麦草浆的酶用量较高(50IU／g浆)。采用XCH、CXH、CHX和CH／X漂序纸浆白度可达80%ISO以上．采用XCEH、CEHX或CEH／X漂序纸浆白度接近85%ISO，纸浆强度均有不同程序的提高。     

麦草烧碱-AQ浆的漆酶/介体体系与木聚糖酶协同漂白

研究了麦草烧碱-AQ浆漆酶与木聚糖酶协同漂白效果.结果表明,在漆酶/介体体系漂白前进行木聚糖酶处理,可以明显改善浆料的可漂性,提高漆酶/介体漂白的脱木素率.纤维的SEM观察表明,经木聚糖酶处理的浆纤维更为柔软润胀.经OXLQP漂白后,浆料白度可达83.7%ISO,同时浆料有较好的强度.     

麦草生物化机浆木聚糖酶预处理H2O2漂白研究

在麦草生物化机浆H2O2漂白时,采用单纯H2O2漂白难以获得较高白度的纸浆,但通过对浆料进行木聚糖酶预处理和在漂白过程中加入醋酸酐进行活化,可以改善H2O2漂白效率,提高漂白浆白度.麦草生物化机浆木聚糖酶预处理和醋酸酐活化处理的适宜条件分别为:木聚糖酶用量12IU/g绝干浆、120min和在H2O2漂白150min时加入5%醋酸酐处理10 min.采用木聚糖酶预处理、醋酸酐活化和H2O2漂白相结合的XP5aP5a漂白程序,可获得白度为74.6%ISO的漂白麦草生物化机浆.实验对酶预处理和漂白过程中纸浆化学成分的变化也进行了研究.     

青霉产木聚糖酶处理对麦草化学制浆和漂白性能的影响

研究了青霉产木聚糖酶预处理对麦草碱法化学制浆和漂白性能的影响.在酶法化学制浆前采用机械预处理和蒸汽预处理原料可以一定程度地改善酶处理的效果,而且木聚糖酶处理对麦草制浆性能具有改善作用.在麦草生物化学浆漂白前利用青霉产木聚糖酶预处理纸浆,可以提高漂白浆的白度和撕裂强度.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the