Hydrocolloid-Lipid Coating Affect on Weight Loss, Pectin Content, and Textural Quality of Green Bell Peppers

Three coatings containing a hydrocolloid‐lipid blend combination were developed and applied to green bell peppers. Peppers were refrigerated and monitored over a 5‐week period to determine pectin content and textural quality. Pectin content decrease was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the uncoated peppers during the storage period. Weight loss also occurred in the uncoated peppers at a significantly greater rate, while respiration rates and puncture score differences were insignificant among all groups. The results indicate that the coatings were effective in maintaining quality during storage. A better procedure is recommended for puncture analysis.     

基于转录组分析氯化钙对青圆椒采后机械损伤品质的影响

为探究氯化钙处理对青圆椒采后机械损伤品质的影响,通过高处坠落的方法模拟青圆椒运输过程中受到的机械损伤,利用1 mmol/L氯化钙溶液浸泡处理,测定贮藏期间青圆椒的硬度、色泽及感官品质,并通过高通量测序技术进行转录组分析。结果表明,1 mmol/L氯化钙处理能延缓青圆椒转红、软化及腐烂。同时本研究确定了与青圆椒果实色泽转变、质地变化和风味香气产生的相关基因,鉴定了参与植物激素信号转导途径的关键酶和转录因子,分析了氯化钙处理对机械损伤青圆椒果实贮藏品质的影响。氯化钙可能通过抑制编码双功能15-顺式八氢番茄红素合酶（bifunctional 15-cis-phytoene synthase,PSY）和辣椒红色素/辣椒红色素合酶（capsanthin/capsorubin synthase,CCS）等基因的上调来抑制类胡萝卜素的合成,通过抑制纤维素合酶A（cellulose synthase A,Ces）、内切-1,3-β-葡萄糖苷酶（endo-1,3-β-glucosidase 4,β-Glu）和内切葡聚糖酶25（endoglucanase 25,EG25）等基因的下调来缓解其软化,并通过影响青圆椒中某些转录因子、植物激素和香气风味相关基因的表达,进而影改善有机械损伤的青圆椒果实的表观品质。结论：氯化钙处理可以有效延缓机械损伤青圆椒果实品质的劣变,延长青圆椒果实的贮藏期。     

UV-C处理对青椒色泽和生理品质的影响

为研究短波紫外线(short-wave ultraviolet,UV-C)处理对青椒色泽和生理品质的影响,本实验以不同剂量UV-C处理青椒,得到最佳处理剂量,然后采用最佳剂量的UV-C(0.25 kJ/m2)处理青椒,分别将其进行常温和冷藏方式贮藏,测定青椒贮藏过程中的感官品质和总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、总酚含量,...     

Edible Coating Effects on Storage Life and Quality of Tomatoes

Tomatoes at breaker and pink stage maturities were coated with comzein film. Color, weight and firmness changes and sensory quality were compared with noncoated tomatoes during storage at 21°C. Corn-zein fdm delayed color change and loss of firmness and weight during storage. Shelf life was extended by 6 days with film coatings as determined by sensory evaluation.     

原儿茶酸复合涂膜对辣椒采后保鲜的影响

采用原儿茶酸与乳化剂吐温-20制成复合保鲜剂,以浸泡时间、贮藏温度、原儿茶酸质量浓度和吐温-20体积分数为因素进行L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,研究不同因素组合浸泡涂膜对湘研5号椒采后保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:浸泡2.5 min、贮藏温度10℃、125 mg/L原儿茶酸、体积分数0.02%吐温-20组合处理21 d后,优化处理组质量损失率与空白对照组(CK1组)和阳性对照组(CK2组,使用保鲜剂NW20)相比分别低了41.98%、15.74%,呈显著性差异(P0.05);腐烂率与CK1组和CK2组相比分别降低了70.39%、20.09%,都存在显著性差异(P0.05);原儿茶酸保鲜剂处理可以降低辣椒贮藏期间的呼吸强度,延缓VC和叶绿素含量的下降,有效抑制丙二醛含量、多酚氧化酶活力的上升,提高过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活力。原儿茶酸保鲜剂处理后各项指标均显著优于CK1组(P0.05),表明原儿茶酸保鲜剂处理可以延缓辣椒采后的衰老,有效延长辣椒的保藏期,对辣椒采后贮藏具有良好的保鲜效果。     

Extension of Postharvest Life of Bell Peppers with Low Oxygen

Green bell peppers ( Capsicum annum L cv California Wonder) were stored in oxygen/nitrogen mixtures at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 210 (air) ml O₂ litre⁻¹ for 4 weeks at 10°C. Decay, weight loss, colour, titratable acidity and soluble solids contents, internal CO₂ and ethylene were evaluated. After 2 weeks, 33% of the air-stored peppers had decayed while only 9% of those stored in 10 ml litre⁻¹ O₂ had decayed. The benefit of 10 ml litre⁻¹ O₂ in reducing decay continued through 4 weeks of storage. The 30 and 50 ml litre⁻¹ O₂ atmospheres slightly reduced decay for a short time while the incidence of decay in 70 ml litre⁻¹ O₂ was not different from the control. Peppers stored in 10 ml litre⁻¹ O₂ had significantly lower internal CO₂ than the air control and other low O₂ treatments. A slower decrease in green colour of peppers stored in low O₂ indicates a retardation of colour change by low O₂ treatments during storage. Low respiration and ethylene synthesis rates may be the primary factors in quality retention.     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对青圆椒采后冷害生理与营养品质的影响

目的:研究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)处理对青圆椒采后冷害生理与营养品质的影响.方法:采用30 μμmol/MeJA溶液浸泡'京甜3号'青圆椒10 min(以蒸馏水浸泡为对照),阴干后于4℃贮藏.对青圆椒的冷害指数、质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、总叶绿素含量、抗氧化物质(VC、总酚...     

玉米醇溶蛋白膜在腌肉制品及果蔬中的保鲜作用研究

本文旨在将玉米醇溶蛋白用于青椒、西红柿、腊肉、香肠的涂膜保鲜,添加不同的增塑剂。实验结果表明,涂膜液的最佳配方为:醇溶蛋白总量与80%乙醇溶液之比为1∶10(g/ml),保鲜西红柿、青椒时,以5%的甘油作增塑剂,其添加量分别为0.5、0.8ml时保鲜效果最好。保鲜腊肉、香肠使用虫胶、油酸作增塑剂,添加量分别为0.3mg、0.1ml时,能有效延长腌肉制品的货架期。     

高静压处理对绿芦笋生理特性及贮藏品质的影响

为深入了解高静压（high hydrostatic pressure,HHP）对绿芦笋的保鲜效果,以绿芦笋为原料,探讨了HHP处理对绿芦笋采后生理及贮藏品质的影响。经20、50、100 MPa各保压2 min处理的样品置于相对湿度90%、温度4 ℃的冷库中贮藏15 d。贮藏期间定期测定绿芦笋的呼吸强度、丙二醛含量、细胞膜渗透率、叶绿素变化、嫩茎硬度、总酚含量和质量损失率以及色泽的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,HHP处理可以有效降低贮藏期间绿芦笋呼吸强度,延缓嫩茎中叶绿素降解,较好保持了绿芦笋的硬度和色泽。研究结果为HHP用于嫩茎蔬菜的保鲜贮藏提供了依据。     

Effects of an Edible Coating and Cold Storage on Shelf-life and Quality of Cherries

The effects of an edible coating, i.e. Semperfresh^TM and cold storage on shelf-life and quality of cherries were studied. Two groups of cherries (Prunus avium) were coated just after harvest with 10 and 20 g/L Semperfresh^TM fruit coating which is composed of sucrose esters of fatty acids, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mono-diglycerides of fatty acids. Half of the cherries from each of the above groups was stored at ambient temperature (∼30±3 °C) and at 40-50% relative humidity, the other half of the cherries was stored at cold storage (0 °C) and at 95-98% relative humidity. Each group was analysed for the following quality parameters: firmness, weight loss, titratable acidity, soluble solid content, sugar content, ascorbic acid content, and external color. It was demonstrated that Semperfresh^TM was effective to reduce the weight loss and increase firmness, ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity and skin color of cherries during storage time. However, soluble solid content and sugar content were not affected by coating. The results of this study suggest that Semperfresh^TM increased the shelf-life of the cherries by 21% at 30±3 °C and by 26% at 0 °C without perceptible losses in quality.     

Firmness Retention in Pickled Peppers as Affected by Calcium Chloride, Acetic Acid, and Pasteurization

Critical factors influencing firmness retention in pickled peppers were studied. The addition of CaCl, (0.2%, w/v, optimum) to whole, pickled‘Red Cherry’peppers increased firmness retention as determined by a puncture test using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Pasteurization reduced firmness in the absence, but not in the presence, of added CaCl₂. CaCl₂ significantly (P ≤0.01) reduced softening during storage of‘Red Cherry’peppers at higher temperatures (36.7, 46.7°C), and resulted in a slight increase in firmness at 26.7°C. CaCI₂ did not significantly (P≥ 0.05) improve firmness retention in‘Jala-peno’peppers, but resulted in greater uniformity of firmness. CaCI, also improved firmness retention in pickled cucumbers. Firmness of unpasteurized peppers and cucumbers was not influenced significantly (P ≥0.05) by acetic acid concentrations of 2, 3 or 4%.     

Hydrogen and Calcium Ion Concentrations Affect Volume of CO2 Puffed Diced Green Bell Peppers

Diced green bell peppers were soaked in a solution of hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, air-dried to 50% moisture, held in CO₂ at 5.8 MPa for 1, 3 or 5 min, and puffed by abruptly releasing the CO₂ pressure. Treatment with 1% CaCl₂ increased the size of puffed-dried products as compared to a control; however, HCl treatments did not. The treatment with 1 or 2% CaCl₂ reduced shrinkage as compared to the control. The 1% CaCl₂ treatment may have increased the CO₂ saturation rate.     

绿色食用盐的推广应用

主要介绍了绿色食品食用盐推广应用的重要性,并对普通食用盐与绿色食品食用盐的共同点与区别,绿色食品食用盐对人体健康的作用,我国绿色食品食用盐的使用现状,绿色食品食用盐的发展,作了一一的阐述。随着人们健康理念的加深,对绿色食品的需求越来越大,相信绿色食品食用盐也将成为我国高端盐品新风尚。     

壳聚糖可食用膜对油豆角贮藏生理的影响

使用壳聚糖配制的涂膜液处理油豆角,通过测定涂膜的油豆角在贮藏期间呼吸强度、PPO、POD、MDA的变化,探讨油豆角在贮藏期间的生理变化规律.结果表明,涂膜处理后能推迟油豆角呼吸高峰的到来;同时,在贮藏期间,涂膜油豆角的呼吸强度、PPO、POD、MDA与对照组相比都有所降低.     

Minimal Processing and Edible Coating Effects on Composition and Sensory Quality of Mini-peeled Carrots

Coating treatment did not affect fresh carrot flavor or aroma, sweetness, bitterness, harshness or taste preference. Total terpenoids declined 72% after 17 days storage, with the major loss occurring within 3 days after minimal processing. α- and β-carotene declined 18% and 14% within 3 days after minimal processing with no further loss. Peel tissue contained less β-carotene than phloem tissue, and its removal was not responsible for loss of β-carotene. The edible coating did not affect terpenoid or carotene content.     

淀粉-壳聚糖可食性复合薄膜保鲜布林的研究

本文主要研究了不同种类的淀粉与壳聚糖复合所形成的被膜对于布林的保鲜效果。分别用木薯淀粉,土豆淀粉,玉米淀粉与壳聚糖制成不同涂膜液对布林进行涂膜处理,在常温(15～25℃)下储藏。涂膜的布林在贮藏期间,其水分损失,硬度,可溶性固形物,总酸度的变化均小于对照组, 并且可延长保质期3～7d。就不同的淀粉成分而言,对于布林的保鲜作用,土豆淀粉-壳聚糖复合薄膜的保鲜作用最佳,玉米淀粉-壳聚糖复合薄膜的作用优于木薯淀粉-壳聚糖复合薄膜。     

可食性复合涂膜保鲜剂对延长鲜切苹果货架期的研究

本文主要研究了可食性涂膜剂与抗褐变剂复配后对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果。研究表明:25℃条件下,苹果切块经卡拉胶(0.5%)涂膜剂和乳清浓缩蛋白WPC(5%)涂膜剂处理后,其呼吸强度可分别降低5%和20%。在可食性涂膜剂中添加不同的抗褐变剂对苹果切块有良好的护色效果,添加1%CaCl2可增加产品的硬度,同时这些复合保鲜剂可提高苹果切块的感官指标和抑制微生物繁殖,而5%WPC涂膜液+1%CaCl2+1%抗坏血酸复合液浸泡苹果切块,3℃条件下贮藏2w后保鲜效果最佳。     

黑木耳、青椒复合果酱的研制

本试验采用黑木耳、青椒为主要原料，就黑木耳、青椒复合果酱的生产工艺、产品配方及青椒中VC的保存进行了试验研究，确定了可行的工艺流程、最佳的配方组合、较好的VC保存方法。得到了一种营养强化、风味独特的新型果酱。     

Effect of Lipid Type and Amount of Edible Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-lipid Composite Coatings Used to Protect Postharvest Quality of Mandarins cv. Fortune

ABSTRACT: 'Fortune' mandarin oranges were coated with edible hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite coatings. The coatings consisted of beeswax, carnauba wax, or shellac, at 2 lipid contents (20% and 60%). Weight loss of coated mandarins decreased significantly as lipid content increased. Beeswax (60%) emulsions were associated with the lowest weight loss. Coated fruit had higher internal CO₂, lower internal O₂, and higher ethanol contents than uncoated fruit. At 20% lipid content, internal O₂ was lower and ethanol content was higher than at 60% lipid content, which could be related to the low oxygen permeability of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the higher viscosity of these emulsions that could have affected final thickness.