白内障术前预防性用药效果及舒适性评价

目的了解白内障术前预防性用抗生素的效果及舒适性。方法108例、108眼白内障患者,术前随机使用氧氟沙星(泰利必妥)、左氧氟沙星(海伦)、妥布霉素(信妥明)滴眼液,按每1h滴药1次×1d及每1d用药4次×3d两种方式用药。分别于用药后5,15min,1d或3d询问患者干涩、异物、烧灼、眼痒、眼疼、畏光等感觉并评分以了解用药的舒适性。用裂隙灯显微镜观察结膜充血、结膜水肿、结膜乳头与滤泡、角膜荧光素染色情况以了解药物的毒性作用。用药1d或3d后结膜囊取材作细菌培养了解药物的疗效。结果滴用妥布霉素滴眼液5,15min后,各项舒适性指标积分总和均升高(P<0.01)。滴用左氧氟沙星及氧氟沙星滴眼液仅在滴药5min后,各项舒适性指标积分总和轻微升高(P<0.05),滴药15min后消失(P>0.05)。各项不适症状中以眼痛及烧灼感发生频率最高,程度最重。滴用妥布霉素滴眼液5,15min后,各项毒性作用指标积分总和均较滴用前增加(P<0.05),用左氧氟沙星及氧氟沙星滴眼液仅在用药后5min上述指标积分总和较用药前增高(P<0.05),其余时间与用药前比较无差异(P>0.05)。其毒性作用主要表现为结膜充血。用药组结膜囊细菌培养均为阴性。结论妥布霉素、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星滴眼液采用每1h1次×1d及每1d4次×3d给药均有良好的预防性用药的效果,左氧氟沙星及氧氟沙星的舒适性更好,毒性更小。     

枸杞沙棘浓浆缓解视疲劳作用研究

观察枸杞沙棘浓浆对视疲劳的缓解作用。符合纳入排除标准的自愿受试者43例,按75 g/d饮用枸杞沙棘浓浆60 d。试饮前后分别进行眼部症状检查、明视持久度测定、视力检查及血液安全性指标的检测。结果表明:试验结束时受试者视疲劳症状改善,症状改善有效率为76.7%,症状积分显著下降(P0.01)。试饮前后受试者明视时间延长(P0.01),明视持久度显著提高(P0.01),平均明视持久度提高10.15%。双眼视力无明显变化。试饮后受试者的血液安全性指标均在正常范围内,且前后无显著性差异。枸杞沙棘浓浆具有缓解视疲劳作用。     

青岛市大学生维生素A摄入情况及与视疲劳的相关性

目的:了解青岛市大学生维生素A摄入水平及与视疲劳的关系。方法:通过3d膳食回顾法调查428名在校大学生的饮食状况、用眼卫生等。结果:BMI、家庭人均月收入、月生活费、睡眠时间和慢性消化系统疾病与大学生维生素A摄入量有关(P 0. 05);性别、专业、食欲、锻炼时间与大学生维生素A摄入量无明显相关(P0. 05);视疲劳眼部症状检出率为76. 2%,眼睛酸胀(46. 3%)和视力下降(39. 7%)的发生率较高,其中眼睛酸胀的发生率女生显著高于男生(P 0. 05);平均日荧屏光暴露(OR=1. 635)、不良用眼习惯(OR=3. 369)是视疲劳的危险因素,户外活动(OR=0. 062)及维生素A摄入(OR=0. 350)是视疲劳的保护因素。结论:在校大学生膳食维生素A的摄入量较低,大学生视疲劳检出率较高,应该减少电子产品的使用时间,增加户外活动和富含维生素A食物的摄入量。     

复合营养素缓解视疲劳作用研究

目的研究以桑葚提取物、越橘提取物、叶黄素为主要成分的复合营养素改善视疲劳效果。方法选择具有视疲劳症状的受试者108人,采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照设计,将全部受试对象分为试食组和对照组两组。试食组服用复合营养素,对照组服用安慰剂。60 d后,测定其功效性指标及安全性指标。结果试食组试食前后自身比较及试食后与对照组比较症状总积分明显改善(P0.001);试食后症状总有效23例,总有效率42.6%,与对照组比较差异有高度统计学意义(P0.001);试食组明视持久度试食前后自身比较,及试食后与对照组比较均差异有高度统计学意义(P0.001)。试食前后试食组与对照组视力和用眼时间均没有明显改变。安全性指标测定均正常。结论复合营养素有缓解视疲劳功能的作用,安全无副作用。     

花青素饮料缓解视疲劳作用的人体试验观察

研究花青素饮料对改善视疲劳的作用,开展人群试食试验。选择视力易疲劳的有效受试者100名,其中试食组和对照组各50人,试食组口服花青素饮料每日1次,每次1罐,服用量为310 m L。对照组为空白对照组。试验期限为30 d。通过常规观察、安全性检查、眼部症状检查、眼部自觉症状、眼科常规检查、明视持久度测定、视力检查,结果表明:30 d后试食组视疲劳症状总积分明显改善(P0.001),平均明视持久度为0.56±0.09(P0.001),提高0.10±0.08。有效22例,总有效率为44%,与对照组比较有显著差异(P0.001)。经统计学分析,花青素饮料能有效缓解人体视疲劳。     

空间材料镀膜镜片对视觉质量影响的研究

目的:评估釆用哈尔滨工业大学航天科技镀膜技术工艺中空间纳米材料(新材料具有半导体、超导、磁性和光触媒等在内的功能性材料)、镀膜镜片(简称空间材料镀膜镜片)对成年人视觉质量的影响和视疲劳缓解的效果。方法:50例(100眼)银行职员采用双盲法佩戴综合验光处方的某品牌功能眼镜片,每日于电脑前工作6小时,连续佩戴2周,检测泪膜破裂时间、调节反应、正负相对调节幅度、调节灵敏度、无眩光对比敏感度、视疲劳症状评分问卷;再佩戴相同验光处方的空间材料镀膜镜片2周后检测相同的项目,比较佩戴两种镜片后各项目的差异。结果:佩戴空间材料镀膜镜片与佩戴某品牌功能镜片比较,视疲劳问卷得分分别为10.37±5.33,15.25±4.87,佩戴空间材料镜片后视疲劳主观评分降低,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.28,P0.05);泪膜破裂时间分别为9.04秒±5.66秒,7.38秒±4.71秒,二者差异有统计学意义(t=2.02,P0.05);正相对调节幅度分别为-4.90D±1.77D,-3.04D±1.41D,二者差异有统计学意义(t=-2.78,P0.05);调节灵敏度分别为12.81cpm±5.29cpm,9.31cpm±5.29cpm,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.26,P0.05);无眩光对比敏感度3c/d分别为1.81±0.30,1.66±0.29,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.77,P0.05);6c/d分别为2.07±0.41,1.88±0.43,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.35,P0.05);12c/d分别为1.66±0.35,1.07±0.31,二者差异有统计学意义(t=4.01,P0.05);18c/d分别为1.21±0.29,1.07±0.31,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.31,P0.05)。结论:空间材料镀膜镜片由镀膜空间纳米材料组成,特定光波段膜层能有效刺激视网膜中心凹中波敏感性视锥细胞,提高调节储备、调节灵敏度,提高对比敏感度、色彩亮度,提高成像质量,改善视疲劳主观症状。     

中老年人防衰饮食

"眼老花"提前报到大约有一半以上的中老年人会有视疲劳,而视疲劳又往往是老花眼的前兆。当然体虚多病或有某些眼病,老花也会提早出现,症状较严重。表现看近困难和视物疲劳,如阅读超过半小时,常出现文字模糊、串行、重影、眼胀、头痛等,甚至会有头晕、恶心等症。     

探讨空间纳米材料的镀膜镜片对成人干眼症的影响

目的:评估配戴镀膜技术工艺制作的空间纳米材料的镀膜镜片对成人干眼症的影响。方法:50人(100眼)银行职员采用双盲法配戴综合验光处方的某品牌功能眼镜片,每日于电脑前工作2周后,应用三维眼前节分析系统进行非接触式泪膜破裂时间检测和填写视疲劳症状评分试卷,再配戴相同验光处方的空间纳米材料镀膜镜片2周后检测相同项目,比较配戴两种镜片后检测结果的差异。结果:配戴空间材料镀膜镜片与配戴某品牌功能镜片比较,泪膜破裂时间分别为9.04秒±5.66秒、7.38秒±4.71秒,两者差异有统计学意义(t=2.02,P0.05);视疲劳症状评分试卷得分分别为10.37±5.33、15.25±4.87,配戴空间材料镜片后视疲劳主观评分降低,两者差异有统计学意义(t=3.28,P0.05)。结论:配戴镀膜技术工艺中空间纳米材料的镀膜镜片可以延长成人泪膜破裂时间,减轻干眼症状和视疲劳症状。     

眼镜光学中心距离与视疲劳关系的分析

<正>视疲劳在眼科临床上很常见,在眼镜店的配镜人群中也屡见不鲜,大部分是由屈光因素引起。视疲劳的症状有眼疲劳、眼干涩、异物感、眼皮沉重感、视物模糊、畏光流泪、眼胀痛及眼部充血等,严重者还可出现头痛、头昏、恶心、精神萎靡、注意力不集中、记忆力下降等,要使其症状得到缓解和消除,除了需要到医院治疗外,更多的患者需要考虑配戴合适的眼镜以解除调节过度紧张或维持调     

海藻酸钾对原发性高血压人群的影响研究

目的了解海藻酸钾对原发性高血压(EH)人群的影响。方法将102例EH患者随机分为海藻酸钾组和对照组。原服用降压药物不变,海藻酸钾组每天服用含海藻酸钾的奶粉50g(含海藻酸钾3.5g),对照组服用普通奶粉,连续50d。对每位受试者进行血压、血常规、肝功能、肾功能、血糖、血脂测定,同时对临床症状、不良反应等进行问卷调查。结果海藻酸钾组血压随服用时间逐步下降,自第21d开始显著降低(P0.05),服用海藻酸钾50d后,海藻酸钾组收缩压、舒张压平均下降13.89、10.15mmHg,降压有效率为60.78%。主要临床症状积分显著降低(P0.05),头痛、眩晕、心悸、耳鸣、失眠、腰膝酸软6项临床症状改善有效率及改善总有效率与对照组比较差异显著(P0.05),改善总有效率达76.47%。结论海藻酸钾可有效辅助降压药物降低EH人群血压值,缓解临床症状。     

Innovative bulls eye drop applicator for self-instillation of eye drops

PurposeTo report the role of Bulls eye drop applicator device in self-instillation of eye drops and in prevention of wastage of medicine.MethodsA small pocket sized device “Bulls eye drop applicator” was developed, which is a simple, handy, mirror-based attachment which can be attached to any eye drop bottle to help in accurate self-instillation of the drops in the eye. The prototype of this device was tried in ten volunteer subjects (Group 1) and 15 patients (Group 2); they were asked to use lubricating eye drops (5 ml bottle) in one eye without the device (N) and in the other eye with the device (M). The numbers of attempts for the application of eye drops were noted and the residual eye drops in the returned bottles were measured for quantitative assessment.ResultsTen volunteers and 11/15 patients completed the study. At the completion of the study, there were a total of 232 applications of eye drops in the Group 1 N (without device) and 1 M (with device). To achieve these 232 applications, there were 330 attempts without the device and 266 attempts of instillation were needed with the device (P < 0.0001). In Group 2, there were a total of 544 applications of eye drops; to achieve this, there were 879 attempts in Group 2 N and 685 attempts of instillation in Group 2 M (p < 0.0001). The cumulative quantity of residual drops in the returned bottles collected from Group 2 N was 5.1 ml and it was 19.7 ml in Group 2 M (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe number of attempts of instillation reduced significantly with the use of the eye drop applicator device. The use of eye drops applicator device reduced the wastage of drops from 42.2% to 14.6% in Group 1 N Vs Group 1 M and saving of about 35.7 % in Group 2 M compared to Group 2 N.     

Improving ocular surface comfort in contact lens wearers

PurposeContact lens discomfort (CLD) is a major concern that can lead to the decreased or abandoned use of contact lenses. Contact lens users with dry eye disease are more likely to present with CLD. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a bioprotective preservative free, hypotonic, 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA)-3% Trehalose artificial tear in managing dry eye symptoms in contact lens wearers.MethodsA prospective, single-arm, observational pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with HA-Trehalose artificial tears in contact lens wearers (N = 33) aged 18–45 years with symptoms of ocular discomfort. Participants used a preservative-free, hypotonic HA-Trehalose artificial tear (1 drop/4 times per day) for 84 days. Participants were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for dry eye symptoms (pain, photophobia, dry eye sensation, blurry vision, foreign body sensation, itching, tingling/burning, and sticky eye feeling), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Contact Lens Dry Eye questionnaire (CLDEQ-8), Berkley Dry Eye Flow-Chart (DEFC) on Day 0 and Day 84 and tear break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining with fluorescein and lissamine green, tear meniscus evaluation, and visual acuity on Day 0, 35, and 84.ResultsAll VAS symptoms (except tingling/burning and sticky eye feeling), OSDI, CLEDQ-8, and DEFC showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement from baseline (Day 0) to Day 84. Similarly, corneal (fluorescein) and conjunctival (lissamine green) quality improved during the study (p < 0.05 at Day 84 versus baseline). Tear break-up time (TBUT), conjunctival (lissamine green) staining, and tear meniscus decreased but the changes were not statistically significant. Visual acuity did not change during the study. There were no ocular or systemic adverse events.ConclusionsThis study showed that the instillation of a preservative-free, hypotonic, HA-Trehalose artificial tear in contact lenses wearers with dry eye syndrome significantly improved symptoms and reduced associated signs such as corneal and conjunctival staining.     

Effects of a sea buckthorn oil spray emulsion on dry eye

PurposeTo investigate the effects of a sea buckthorn oil and sodium hyaluronate-containing eyelid spray emulsion (SB spray) on dry eye.MethodsA randomized controlled study was carried out. Adults (25–70 years) with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) ≥20 and moderate or severe dryness, burning or grittiness of the eyes were included. In study part one (n = 2), SB spray was used on both closed eyelids four times in one day. In part two (n = 10), SB spray was used on one randomized eyelid, and a commercial reference spray on the other for nine days. In part three (n = 40), eyes were randomized to one eye receiving SB spray and an untreated control for 1.5 months. Dry eye tests were carried out at baseline, during, and at the end of each study section. Symptoms were recorded in questionnaires and daily logs.ResultsIn part one, the SB spray was well tolerated. In part two, OSDI decreased significantly (P = 0.022) in the SB spray eye compared to the reference spray, indicating a beneficial effect on symptoms. In part three, OSDI in the SB spray eye decreased significantly compared to the untreated control (P = 0.0007). The scores for dryness at the study end were lower in the SB spray eye compared to control (P = 0.0070). Symptom sums and frequencies of dryness (sum P = 0.0046, frequency P = 0.0016) and watering (sum P = 0.0003, frequency P = 0.013) in the daily logs were lower in the eye treated with SB spray.ConclusionsSB spray on closed eyelids relieved the symptoms of dry eye.     

Optimal methodology for lid wiper epitheliopathy identification

PurposeLid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) is a clinical sign that has been associated with dry eye disease. This study used a semi-automated method to identify the effect of drop instillation and post-dye viewing time on the absorption of lissamine green (LG) and sodium fluorescein (NaFl) on the upper eyelid in order to ascertain the optimal identification for LWE assessment.MethodsIn 37 participants with LWE, 1-drop of 1% LG (10 μL) was applied to the superior bulbar conjunctiva in the right eye, and photographs of the lid margin were taken 1, 3, and 5 min after instillation. Measurements were repeated in the same eye following instillations of 2-drops of 1% LG. The same procedures were followed for application of 2% NaFl (2 μL) to the left eye. Staining area was determined using software to detect and measure dye-stained images. Analysis used a linear mixed model with fixed effects of time, number of drops and their interaction.ResultsFor LG, multivariate analysis showed that time of drop instillation was significant (p = 0.0091) as was the area of staining in the 2-drop versus 1-drop condition (p < 0.0001). For NaFl, there was a significant effect of time (p < 0.0001), drops (p < 0.0001), and a time/drops interaction (p < 0.0134), suggesting that both time and number of drops are important.ConclusionA single drop of dye is insufficient to reveal the full extent of LWE staining. A 2-drop instillation is recommended and observation is recommended between 1 and 5 min (LG) and between 3 and 5 min (NaFl).     

Changes in visual quality with soft contact lenses after the instillation of hyaluronic acid eye drops

PurposeTo evaluate the changes in visual function and anterior surface aberrations during soft contact lens (SCL) wear after the instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) eye drops with different viscosity.MethodsA prospective, randomized, and participant-masked study was performed. Twenty healthy participants (25.4 ± 2.6 years) were evaluated. Hydrogel (Ocufilcon D) and silicone-hydrogel (Somofilcon A) SCL were randomly assigned to both eyes of the same participant. Visual function in terms of high- and low-contrast corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and anterior contact lens surface aberrations (RMS HOA) were measured before and after the instillation, at different times, of different eye drops: saline (control) and 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% HA.ResultsCompared with the saline solution, during hydrogel SCL wear, there was an improvement (P < 0.05) in high-contrast CDVA after 3 and 10 min with 0.1% HA, and after 5 and 20 min with 0.2% HA. During silicone-hydrogel SCL wear, there was a deterioration (P < 0.05) in high-contrast CDVA after 1 and 30 min with 0.3% HA. Additionally, during silicone-hydrogel SCL wear, there was also a deterioration (P < 0.05) in low-contrast CDVA after 5 and 20 min with 0.3% HA. In terms of RMS HOA, there were no clinically relevant changes with both SCL.ConclusionsThe instillation of HA eye drops could have a different effect on visual quality depending on their concentration of HA, the contact lens material, its surface ionicity, or other physicochemical properties that should be studied in future studies.     

Are there differences between ‘visual symptoms’ and specific ocular symptoms associated with video display terminal (VDT) use?

To assess the reliability of self-reported symptoms of asthenopia associated with VDT use (as characterized by general visual symptoms, headache and specific ocular symptoms) for both continuing soft contact lens (SCL) wearers and former SCL wearers who had undergone successful laser-in-situ-keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. METHODS: Forty generally healthy adults, aged between 24 and 44 years, were asked to complete a 13 page questionnaire that included requests for information on general visual symptoms, headache and specific ocular symptoms such as dry eye associated with VDT use. The adults were either long term successful soft contact lens wearers (n=20) or a similar group who had then undergone successful LASIK refractive surgery for myopia 2 years prior to the questionnaire being provided. RESULTS: Most subjects (70%) reported experiencing some visual symptoms sometimes, 62.5% reported headaches sometimes, and 82.5 % reported specific ocular symptoms sometimes. There were no obvious differences between the two groups either in the reported frequency or severity (by visual analogue scale, VAS) of visual symptoms, headache or specific ocular symptoms. However, while the reporting of headache showed no obvious association with the number of specific ocular symptoms reported, the latter showed a clear correlation with the reporting of the severity of visual symptoms (p<0.001). DISCUSSION: The results indicate that when an individual reports visual symptoms, they may actually be providing recall of specific ocular symptoms. Therefore, contrary to an often common practice, visual symptoms should be assessed separately to specific ocular symptoms such that the appropriate management can be selected. The results also indicate that previous contact lens wearers who have undergone successful LASIK are still likely to experience some visual and specific ocular symptoms when undertaking computer based work on a regular basis.     

Treatment of contact lens related dry eye with antibacterial honey

Aim

Contact lens induced dry eye affects approximately 50% of contact lens wearers. The aim was to assess the effects of Manuka (Leptospermum sp.) honey eye drops (Optimel, Melcare, Australia) on dry eye in contact lens wearers. The safety of the honey eye drops in contact lens wear and contact lens wearers’ compliance were also evaluated.

Application of systane complete for the treatment of contact lens discomfort

PurposeTo understand the safety of treating contact lens (CL) discomfort with a new artificial tear when it is directly applied to a CL-wearing eye.MethodsThis was a two-week, two-visit, double-masked study that randomized participants with CL discomfort to use Systane Complete (artificial tear), Sensitive Eyes (rewetting drop), or no treatment. Drops were applied before, twice during, and after CL use each day. Corneal staining served as the primary safety metric. Conjunctival staining, tear break-up time, Schirmer’s test, CL comfort (Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 [CLDEQ-8]), and dry eye symptoms (Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness [SPEED]) were also evaluated.ResultsThis study recruited 73 participants with a mean age of 30.3 ± 11.5 years; 18 % of the participants were male. There were no significant changes in ocular surface signs from baseline or between the artificial tear and rewetting drop groups after two weeks (p ≥ 0.05). Participants in the artificial tear and rewetting drop groups had significant improvements in CLDEQ-8 scores after two weeks of treatment compared with baseline (p < 0.0001), though scores for this test were not significantly different between these groups after two weeks (p = 0.94). CLDEQ-8 scores were significantly better in the artificial tear and rewetting drop groups compared with no treatment after two weeks (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsBoth drops were found to be safe for use with CLs while also significantly improving ocular symptoms compared to no treatment after two weeks of use.     

Goldmann applanation tonometry over daily disposable contact lens: accuracy and safety of procedure.

PURPOSE: To study accuracy and safety, related to sensation (discomfort) and trauma, when using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) on eyes wearing daily disposable soft contact lenses. METHODS: The intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of 136 normal eyes of 68 subjects was measured by Goldmann tonometer. Measurements were made in one eye with a contact lens (hilafilcon A) without anaesthetic drops and then without the contact lens using one drop of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride. Each contact lens used was identical as to back optic zone, back vertex power. Standard Goldmann procedure only was used for the fellow eye of each subject. Subjective sensation (discomfort) responses to both procedures were studied in a subgroup (66 eyes) using a scale of discomfort, from 1 (no sensation) to 5 (highest sensation). Epithelial staining after tonometry was evaluated for this subgroup. RESULTS: No significant differences were found for the IOP with and without contact lens (t<1; p=0.63) for the IOP range studied. There was a good correlation between the two procedures (r=0.81; p<0.05). Lowest sensation was found with tonometry on the anaesthetized cornea; this condition was significantly different from other conditions (p<0.005). No difference was found among the other conditions (contact lens insertion, tonometry on contact lens and application of topical anaesthetic). Corneal epithelial staining following the standard tonometry procedure was significantly higher than following the procedure with a contact lens (p<0.00005). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of IOP by GAT over a daily disposable soft contact lens is accurate, compared to the standard procedure and within the IOP's normal range studied here. Also using a contact lens results in less trauma whilst discomfort is similar.     

Prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ectoin® containing Eye Spray (EES09) and comparison to the liposomal Eye Spray Tears Again® (TA) in the treatment of dry eye disease

PurposeTo subjectively and objectively evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of preservative-free Ectoin ® Eye Spray – Colloidal (EES09) and Tears Again ® Eye Spray (TA) in subjects with mild-moderate dry eye disease (DED), and to compare efficacy of these two eye sprays with each other.MethodsThirty-six volunteers (average age 32.3 ± 16.1 years; 26 females) were successfully recruited for this prospective double-blind study with between-subject design and randomly divided into two groups (gender and age balanced): Group A received EES09 and Group B received TA during the treatment phase. Inclusioncriteria were a minimum age of 18 years, a score of 18.0 or higher on the OSDI questionnaire, and a non-invasive tear break up time (NIKBUT, Oculus Keratograph M5, Oculus, Germany) of no more than 10s in at least one eye. The objective variables NIKBUT, conjunctival redness, lipid layer and osmolarity (TearLab Cooperation, USA) were assessed at baseline, 10 min. after spray application and after a treatment phase of 10±3 days (3x applications daily). Symptoms, tolerance and handling were evaluated with the OSDI and VAS questionnaires.ResultsA statistically significant increase in NIKBUT and improvement in DED symptoms were obtained for the overall group (mean NIKBUT 7.7 ± 1.7s vs. 11.6 ± 4.6s, p<0.001; mean OSDI score: 36.1 ± 12.7 vs. 20. 7± 12.7, p<0.001) during course of treatment. No statistically significant effect was established for the variables lipid layer (p = 0.406), conjunctival redness (p = 0.766) and osmolarity (p = 0.378). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups, for any variable. The noninferioritycriterion for EES09 towards TA could be shown for the scores of the dry eye symptoms via VAS questionnaire and the variable NIKBUT.ConclusionsA beneficial treatment effect was confirmed for both, symptoms of DED and the objective variable NIKBUT. Both eye sprays were rated favourably in view of perceived tolerability and handling of the spray bottle.