一种新型电磁驱动无阀微泵的研究

介绍了一种适用于微流体系统的电磁驱动无阀微泵.该微泵的泵腔以及扩散口和喷口都采用微机电系统(MEMS)技术进行制备,利用扁平振动马达作为驱动部件,以弹性模量较小的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为振动膜,研制出一个尺寸为12mm×12mm×5mm的微泵.对微泵的振动频率和输出流量进行了测试,结果显示:电压对频率和流量均有显...     

基于MEMS工艺的电磁驱动无阀微泵

基于实现主动微流体芯片的目的,提出了一种非闭合磁路型电磁驱动无阀微泵.微型电磁驱动器采用硅深刻蚀和微电铸工艺制作在硅基体上,微泵泵体的收缩/扩张单元采用微机械工艺制作,采用两步注塑工艺加工磁性PDMS(polymethylsiloxane)振动膜.电磁微泵样机的实验结果显示:该微泵的工作性能稳定,整机具有较高的体积功能比,样机尺寸32mm×28mm×10mm,在0.6A电流输入,工作频率为13Hz时,流量可达180μl/min,零流量下的最大背压达2.75mbar.     

收缩管/扩张管型无阀压电微泵的动态特性研究

为了合理地预测收缩管/扩张管型无阀压电微泵泵腔压力脉动,利用流体动力学基本理论以及锥管的特点,给出了无阀微泵的动态数学模型,包括吸入和泵出模式的连续性方程以及泵腔体积变化.采用有限元分析方法,对振动薄膜的最大体积变形量进行了计算.基于微泵动态数学模型,对无阀微泵压力和流量特性进行了仿真研究,分析不同薄膜最大体积变形量和...     

PZT压电薄膜无阀微泵

介绍了一种基于PZT压电薄膜的无阀压电微泵.该微泵利用自制的压电圆型薄膜片作为驱动部件、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为泵膜.本文在对微豕制备工艺研究的基础上,对其性能进行了数值和实验研究.建立了基于扩张管/收缩管理论的无阀微泵的有限元模型.利用MFX-AN-SYS/CFX技术实现了对微泵的双向流固耦合分析.对微泵的锥形角、最小宽度、扩散管长度、泵腔高度进行数值计算,得到了优化参数.数值计算的结果与实际测量的数据进行了比较,验证了仿真的正确性.     

介电弹性材料驱动的大流量无阀微泵研究

在对基于介电弹性材料的无阀微泵流量分析基础上,从增加流量的角度出发,分析了结构参数对流量的影响规律,并对微泵泵膜预拉伸率及封装材料对微泵流量的影响进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,采用参数优选后的无阀微泵结构可使微泵的流量大幅度增加,可达到500的流量。该类型无阀微泵在生物医学等微流体系统中的应用具有广泛的前景。     

基于PZT薄膜面内极化工作的低应力压电微传声器

本文设计、制作并测试了一种基于压电PZT薄膜面内极化工作的压电微传声器.利用压电薄膜的纵向压电常数,并通过压电微传声器面内电极的设计提高电极间距,以提高压电微传声器的灵敏度.由于基于PZT薄膜的多层结构常具有很大的残余应力,通过5种不同振动膜材料与PZT薄膜的应力匹配实验,研究了降低振动膜应力的方法.结果表明,对于相同尺寸的膜片,PZT/ZrO2/LTO/Si3N4具有最小的变形,其中心处的变形(200 nm)仅为膜片PZT/ZrO2/Si3N4/SiO2中心处变形(17μm)的1%.采用体硅微加工工艺制作了具有方形振动膜(2 mm×2 mm)的压电微传声器结构,采用LTO/Si3N4多层结构作为振动膜结构,方形膜片中心的圆形结构为PZT薄膜,环形叉指结构为Au/Cr电极.压电微传声器在0.15 kHz~6 kHz频率范围内的灵敏度约为0.1 mV/Pa.     

面向微泵的微型扩散/收缩管的优化设计

微型扩散/收缩泵属于无阀型微机械往复微泵,其性能可以通过优化微型扩散/收缩管的结构参数得到优化.本文利用Fluent软件模拟得到最优的微型扩散/收缩管的结构参数,并提出微型固定鳞片式扩散/收缩管结构.基于硅基MEMS技术制备微型扩散/收缩泵,并通过Fluent软件模拟和实验验证了鳞片式扩散/收缩泵可以提高流阻效率11%.     

利用压电驱动的半球缺群无阀泵试验及其混合泵送性能分析

为满足微流量、小流量压电液体混合与输送方面的要求,提出了一种集流体混合与泵送为一体的半球缺群无阀泵,该泵利用半球缺的圆面与球面对流体的阻力不等,配合压电振子的往复振动实现对流体的泵送;同时,利用半球缺群对流体的遮挡、干扰效应产生的湍流和旋涡实现对流体的高效混合。在解析泵的工作原理、振子振动特性、泵理论流量基础上,进行了流量与电压、频率及行数、列数变化的半球缺群的关系试验,获得了泵系统的低频谐振频率为6Hz,并在电压及频率为160V、6Hz时,半球缺群4×3得到了53.2mL/min的泵流量,电压及频率为180V、6Hz时,半球缺群3×3得到了59.4mL/min的泵流量;对半球缺群行数、列数及间距变化对混合效果的影响进行了仿真研究和试验验证,得到了增加行数、列数及间距均能提高不同液体间混合效果的结论,试验及仿真分析的结果验证了半球缺群无阀泵能够较好地实现对流体的混合与泵送。     

腔高对压电液压驱动器性能的影响

为满足大行程、高输出力精密驱动及振动控制的需求,设计了压电叠堆隔膜泵驱动的压电液压驱动器并进行了试验.利用实际液体可压缩的特性,建立了压电液压驱动器理论分析模型,分析了液体体积模量以及压电泵腔高对其输出性能的影响规律.结果表明,其他结构参数确定时压电液压驱动器输出能力随液体体积模量的减小而降低,并存在最佳腔高使其输出能力最大.利用尺寸为4 mm×4 mm×80 mm的压电叠堆制作了泵腔直径30 mm、高度分别为0.3 mm、0.6 mm、0.8 mm、1.0 mm、1.3 mm的压电泵,用于驱动尺寸为20×100 mm3的液压缸.以水为工作介质,在电压150 V、频率60～400 Hz条件下测试了驱动器的输出速度及驱动力.工作频率为300 Hz时,腔高0.6 mm(最佳值)时的输出速度为13.2 mm/s,分别为腔高0.3 mm和1.3 mm时的1.1倍和2.28倍;工作频率为80Hz时,腔高0.3 mm(最小腔高)时的驱动力为105 N,是腔高1.3 mm时驱动力的2.3倍,说明选取合理的泵腔高度可有效提高驱动器的输出性能.     

一种微小物体精密定位的直线微工作台

提出了一种基于平滑冲击驱动原理的精密定位直线微工作台.通过采用微小强磁铁作为摩擦元件,减小了由摩擦元件磨损而产生的摩擦力的变化,从而提高了微工作台的稳定性.设计制作了微工作台样机,并对精密定位工作台的动态特性和静态特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,微工作台体积小(20mm×10 mm×3 mm),可实现6 nm的精确定位,最高驱动速度可达5.4 mm/s,最大行程可达20 mm.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...