基于无线测量的轧机扭转振动的分析

采用无线测量的方式采集轧机主传动轴的扭转振动信号,避免了在测试中的复杂布线,摆脱了被测环境和条件的限制。对采集的信号进行EMD分解,提取信号的固有模态函数（IMF）,对IMF分别进行Hilbert变换后,组合得到Hilbert时频谱和Hilbert边际谱。通过对IMF分量、时频谱和边际谱的分析,得到轧机的振动形态。通过建立采集系统和对实际振动信号的分析,得到信号所含有的振动形态,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

龙洗三维液体表面重力波的动态测量

在龙洗的强迫振动实验中,当龙洗壳壁受到一定频率激振力作用时,液面出现不同形态的大幅重力波现象.由于重力波液面变形幅度较大、水花飞溅,为了满足测试要求,根据交叉光轴的光学原理设计了实验测试系统,采用数字条纹光栅投影图像,利用高速图像采集系统连续采集.并进行中值滤波、傅里叶变换、频域滤波、傅里叶反变换等处理,最终可得到第一阶及第二阶大幅重力波任意时刻的三维形貌及大幅重力波任意点的时间历程.这是对壳液耦合系统中自由表面波进行实验测试的新尝试,为今后的理论研究提供了可靠的实验数据.     

复线隧道爆破振动信号的HHT分析

结合现场采集到的爆破信号,从实践验证HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform)理论在爆破振动信号处理中的可行性。首先采用经验模态分解(EMD)提取爆破振动信号的固有模态函数(IMF)分量,对主成分分量作Hilbert变换,提取其包络曲线,得到实际延时爆破中的延时时间。再对原始信号经EMD得到的IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,得到信号的Hilbert能量谱,并从瞬时能量的角度研究了爆破振动不同频率的能量作用机理。从而验证了HHT方法的自适应强和高效性在爆破振动信号分析中的优良特性。     

复线隧道爆破振动信号的HHT分析

结合现场采集到的爆破信号,从实践验证HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform)理论在爆破振动信号处理中的可行性。首先采用经验模态分解(EMD)提取爆破振动信号的固有模态函数(IMF)分量,对主成分分量作Hilbert变换,提取其包络曲线,得到实际延时爆破中的延时时间。再对原始信号经EMD得到的IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,得到信号的Hilbert能量谱,并从瞬时能量的角度研究了爆破振动不同频率的能量作用机理。从而验证了HHT方法的自适应强和高效性在爆破振动信号分析中的优良特性。     

基于CEEMD-HHT方法确定隧洞爆破网路实际延迟时间

为解决爆破网路设计延迟时间和实际延迟时间存在较大误差的问题,利用互补集合经验模态分解(Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD)对爆破振动信号分解求出IMF分量,对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换求出各分量的能量,选取能量最大的分量进行Hilbert变换求出该分量的包络线。各段雷管的起爆时刻即该包络线峰值点对应的时间,通过峰值点的时间间隔可以确定微差爆破的实际延期时间。以黄河上游某水电站引水发电隧洞实测爆破振动信号为例进行分析,同一次爆破,两个不同测点的信号按CEEMD-HHT方法确定的各段别雷管的实际延迟时间,具有很好的一致性,验证了此方法的有效性。     

基于Hilbert谱奇异值的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出一种基于Hilbert谱奇异值的故障特征提取方法,将其与支持向量机结合应用于轴承故障诊断。利用小波阈值降噪的方法对拾取的轴承故障振动信号进行滤波降噪,然后利用经验模式分解将降噪信号分解为若干个IMF分量之和,对每个IMF分量进行Hilbert变换得到振动信号的Hilbert谱,对Hilbert谱进行奇异值分解得到反映轴承状态特征的奇异值序列,再利用奇异值作为特征向量,应用支持向量机进行轴承故障诊断,并对不同核函数的诊断结果进行了分析比较。对正常轴承、内圈故障、外圈故障、滚动体故障的实际信号的诊断验证了该方法可的有效性。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的切削颤振识别

针对切削颤振信号的非线性、非平稳特征,提出基于Hilbert-Huang变换的切削颤振识别方法。通过对颤振信号进行经验模态分解(EMD)获得一系列本征模函数,筛选出对颤振敏感的本征模函数进行带通滤波,对滤波后本征模函数作Hilbert变换,绘制Hilbert谱;提取Hilbert谱幅值标准差进行颤振定量识别。用仿真及实测振动信号验证该方法的有效性,并用小波包分解方法进行对比。     

基于傅立叶变换的数字滤波器的设计

本设计介绍了一种不同于传统数字滤波器的新型数字滤波器,该滤波器是以离散傅立叶变换和反变换为基础设计的.通过对信号的离散傅立叶变换,得到一组幅度和频率对应的变换值,根据滤波器要求,使不满足要求的频率点对应的幅度值为零,得一组新数据,对这组新数据进行离散傅立叶逆变换,结果即为滤波后的信号.其幅频特性近乎理想特性.     

基于数字接收机技术的RDSS通道零值测试方法

用于变频器群时延的测试方法不适合传输扩频信号的无线电测定业务(RDSS)通道零值测试;用示波器直接观察RDSS通道传输信号波形来实现零值测试的方法精度很差;本文提出方法采用数字接收机技术,用真实的RDSS信号作为测试信号,对RDSS通道输入和输出进行同步过采样,然后对采样后的输入和输出信号分别进行基于扩频相关的数字接收机处理,获取RDSS输入和输出数据中伪随机码起始点,最后根据采样周期、连接电缆、衰减器和功分器的时延,得到RDSS业务通道零值.分析和仿真结果表明:测试不确定度优于0.2ns,其准确性和测试精度也得到实验系统验证.     

基于小波变换和改进Hilbert变换对科氏质量流量计信号处理

针对工程应用中现有算法处理科式质量流量计两路时变信号相位差计算准确度不高的问题,采用一种基于小波变换和改进Hilbert算法结合的方法,对其两路时变信号进行分析处理,从而快速、准确计算出两路输出信号相位差。该算法首先采用基于小波变换重构的方法对信号进行逐层滤波,滤除现场环境中各种干扰信号并保持检测正弦信号滤波后相位不变,最后应用改进Hilbert算法计算出所测两路信号实时相位差。通过实验可知:该算法可行有效,实时性强,测量准确度高,能够实现科式质量流量计的高准确度测量。     

多途环境下的单通道水声信号盲源分离

提出了一种适用于多途环境下的单观测通道水声信号盲源分离方法。该方法首先利用自相关估计多途时延,使经各途径到达的多途信号同相叠加,信号能量得到增强,而噪声由于随机性能量不会增加,进而提高信噪比。然后采用间隔重采样的方法,虚拟多接收通道,解决单通道的欠定问题。仿真分析表明该方法可以有效解决多途环境下的舰船辐射噪声与环境噪声分离,而且在不同信噪比下有较稳定的分离性能。     

Communication Mechanism and Algorithm of Composite Location Analysis of Emergency Communication based on Rail

The emergency communication system based on rail is an unconventional emergency communication mode, it is a complement equipment for that conventional communication system can’t work while tunnel mine accident occurs. Medium of transmission channel is the widely existing rail in the tunnel. In this paper we analyzed the characteristics of the rail transmission channel, verified the feasibility that information is transmitted by vibration signal in rail, we proposed the realization plan of the system. Communication protocol and processing mechanism suitable for rail transmission are designed according to the characteristics of channel bandwidth and low data transmission. Information communication with low bit rate and low bit error is realized in the communication simulation model. In the simplified model, we realized to transmit recognition speech information, and the error rate of the key text information is low to accept. The most concerned problem of personnel location in the mine disaster rescue is proposed, the composite algorithm is based on the model of signal amplitude attenuation, key node information and data frame transmission delay. Location information of hitting point can be achieved within the simplified model of the experiment. Furthermore, we discuss the characteristics of vibration signals passing through different channels.     

关于多通道同步数据采集的探讨

针对多变量综合测量问题,提出一种多物理量群体效应思想,以具有公共时基的多维矢量空间方式表征多变量测量结果,展现它们之间的耦合、关联、因果、时序等关系.阐述了数据采集系统通道间延迟时间差的地位、作用和价值,介绍了用通道间延迟时间差方式来定量评估不同通道的同步差异,用以进行多通道同步采集的时基补偿和修正,最终将数据采集的同...     

Non-line-of-sight on-body ultra wideband (1?6 GHz) channel characterisation using different antenna polarisations

Ultra wideband (UWB) is a promising technology for wireless body area networks (WBANs). The authors investigate the wave propagation in the frequency range of 1-6-GHz for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channels from the front to back of a human body by considering different wave polarisations: perpendicular and tangential with respect to the body. Time domain electromagnetic (EM) simulation using the anatomical model of a human body assuming frequency-dependent tissue properties is conducted. Radiographs of the energy density and delay spread of the NLOS channels are provided. The energy fading of UWB signals for the on-body channel suggests that the optimisation of the receiving antenna position for efficient signal transmission can be useful. A significant enhancement of the on-body communication link is identified by exploiting the transceiver antennas at the perpendicular to body polarisations. The impacts of body environment reflections on the channel characteristics of different polarisations are studied. The results show that the perpendicular polarisation channel characteristics are less influenced by the body environment reflections and are more stable regarding energy density and delay spread than tangential polarisation. The frequency-dependent propagation loss of on-body UWB channels is derived, where the efficient communication bandwidths for both perpendicular and tangential wave polarisations are given.     

通道间延迟时间差的测量不确定度

介绍了用正弦波拟合法评价测量系统通道间延迟时间差不确定度的分析和评定过程。讨论了几个主要的不确定度来源,包括信号源误差、采集序列的谐波失真、噪声及非谐波失真、抖动、软件拟合运算误差等。结合一个实例,给出了通道间延迟时间差测量不确定度的评定结果。该过程可用于相应计量标准的不确定度分析与评定。     

利用交互小波变换进行目标方位估计研究

小波变换是近年来信号处理中的一个重要工具，由于其优良的时频局域性，在检测、估计以及识别等方面都得到了重视和研究，而将小波变换与传统的一些信号处理方法结合起来处理有关问题也是人们研究的一个方向，文章主要考虑到交互小波变换中的两参数(时延与尺度)与不同接收器目标回波间的时延及频率成对应关系，采用对两路LFM回波信号作小波交互相关，从而获得两回波的相对时延估计，继而得到方位估计。针对算法运算量较大的问题，文章采取先估计尺度与时延的大致范围，再将时延-尺度网格进一步细化得到精确结果，最后给出了部分计算机仿真结果。     

基于Pattern时延差编码体制的4信道水声通信

采用Pattern时延差编码(PDS)通信体制,研究了4通信信道水声通信技术。通信系统利用信息码元的时延差值进行时延编码,采用码元的多种不同波形(Pattern)来进行码元分割,另外还采用频率分割来划分通信信道。其优点是可有效对抗水声多途干扰并实现高速通信,通信速率达到1200bit/s。提出依据最小均方误差准则,利用波形相似性来联合估计两个信道的时延差值。通过大量海洋信道仿真实验,验证了PDS体制具有高通信速率和高可靠性。     

Integrated channel assignment and data aggregation routing problem in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, data aggregation routing could reduce the number of data transmission so as to achieve efficient total energy consumption. However, this kind of data aggregation introduces data retransmission that is caused by co-channel interference from neighbouring sensor nodes. Hence, more data aggregation leads to more extra energy consumption and significant retransmission delay from retransmission. This could jeopardise the benefits of data aggregation. One possible solution to circumvent retransmission caused by co-channel interference is to assign different channel to every sensor node that is within each other's interference range on the data aggregation tree. As the number of non-overlapping channels is limited in wireless networks, it is unlikely that we could assign a different channel to every sensor node on the data aggregation tree. Then, an interesting problem is to perform data aggregation routing in conjunction with channel assignment to minimise total transmission power under limited number of non-overlapping channels. This problem is an NP-complete problem. We devise heuristic algorithm, Iterative Channel Adjustment Data Aggregation Routing algorithm (ICADAR), and other three heuristics, to tackle this problem. From the simulation results, the ICADAR algorithm outperforms the other three algorithms under all experimental cases.     

Two-Dimensional Image Transmission Based on the Ultrafast Optical Data Format Conversion between a Temporal Signal and a Two-Dimensional Spatial Signal

We have experimentally demonstrated a two-dimensional (2-D) image transmission based on the ultrafast optical data format conversion between a temporal signal and a spatial signal with an ultrashort optical pulse. In the proposed system we adopt a spectral holography technique to transmit a one-dimensional (1-D) spatial signal and use a spatial-domain time-frequency transform to realize a transform between 1-D and 2-D spatial signals. By use of these techniques, a low-optical-loss transmission system can be constructed. To demonstrate a 2-D image transmission with this technique, we achieved experimentally transmission of the alphabet letter T as a 3 x 3 pixel 2-D spatial image.     

基于CAN总线的数字量变送器的设计

设计了CAN总线技术的数字量变送器,用于数字信号的采集和传输.重点介绍了系统硬件电路设计及其实现,并且给出了一种通过CAN总线进行信号传输的方案.本设计采用C 8051F 060单片机作为中心控制单元,当多路数字信号中的某路信号发生变化时,单片机对其状态变化进行记录,然后通过局域网CAN总线将数据发送出去.测试结果表明,该设计能很好地完成数字量信号的采集存储和传输,具有可靠性、实时性和灵活性等优点.目前,该设计已成功运用于某大型车载故障诊断项目.