金属基复合材料疲劳寿命细观预测

本文以细观力学的平均场理论为基础,利用增量方法分析了金属基复合材料的疲劳性能,在每个增量过程把基体看作各向异性弹性材料来处理。首先利用数值方法求得了任意椭球夹杂在各向异性基体中的Eshelby张量,然后利用Mori-Tanaka平均场理论建立了复合材料应力与应变的增量关系。应用上述方法和基体的塑性混合强化模型及基体的疲劳寿命关系,本文分析了SiC/Al金属基复合材料的疲劳性能与微观结构的联系,并对复合材料的低周疲劳寿命进行预测。分析和预测结果和文献的实验相符合。      

复合材料高周弯曲疲劳试验与寿命预测

利用一阶弯曲共振现象,开展了复合材料悬臂梁高周弯曲疲劳试验。为了取代传统的金属疲劳理论,根据复合材料疲劳损伤渐进扩展的特点,发展了新的数值方法应用于复合材料的疲劳分析。研究局部疲劳损伤模型和周期跳跃技术,开发了复合材料悬臂梁高周弯曲疲劳的半解析法Matlab疲劳损伤分析程序;另一方面,通过开发UMAT子程序,实现了疲劳损伤模型和周期跳跃技术在商业有限元软件ABAQUS中的应用。分别使用半解析法和有限元法分析复合材料悬臂梁高周弯曲疲劳的损伤累积破坏过程,预测了其高周弯曲疲劳寿命,数值预测结果与试验结果较好吻合。     

复合材料疲劳寿命数据研究

基于单向碳／环氧复合材料疲劳寿命数据，检验了其概率分布，求出Ｐ－Ｓ－Ｎ曲线，分析了参数的变化规律，讨论了置信度问题，并通过实际试验数据的处理，说明了该方法的应用。     

聚醚醚酮基复合材料的疲劳寿命表达式及累积疲劳损伤预测

通过对短碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮基复合材料的疲劳寿命试验数据的分析，给出了其疲劳寿命表达式，进而给出了适于两级不定载荷谱下累积疲劳损伤度及其概率分布区间的预测方法。     

复合材料层合板冲击后压-压疲劳寿命预测方法

针对冲击后复合材料层合板, 发展了含冲击初始损伤层合板的压-压疲劳寿命预测方法。该方法基于无损单向板的力学性能和疲劳特性, 对不同铺层参数、 不同几何尺寸以及不同冲击条件下层合板的疲劳寿命进行预测。为消除人为假设冲击损伤造成的误差, 对层合板在冲击载荷及冲击后疲劳载荷作用下的破坏进行全程分析, 即把冲击后层合板的实际损伤状态直接作为疲劳分析的初始状态。同时基于逐渐损伤思想, 推导了含冲击初始损伤层合板的应力分析过程, 建立了相应的三维逐渐累积损伤模型, 开发了参数化的复合材料层合结构冲击及冲击后疲劳破坏模拟程序, 为复合材料层合结构的抗冲击设计及其疲劳损伤扩展行为研究提供了较好的技术平台。      

生物陶瓷材料的疲劳寿命预测

采用断裂力学中的四点弯曲试验法,研究并预测了氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷材料在大气和水环境中的循环疲劳破坏特性.结果表明,在相同的应力条件下,氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷材料,尤其是氧化锆陶瓷,在水环境中的疲劳寿命比大气中的低.通过将预测结果与实验结果比较和对人造股关节的应用,验证了这种疲劳寿命预测方法的有效性和适用性.     

长寿命路面疲劳寿命预测的频域分析方法

笔者分别从沥青路面和水泥混凝土路面两个方面分析了路面疲劳寿命预测的相关方法。重点对疲劳寿命预测的频域分析方法进行了较为详细的分析,结合车辆–道路耦合振动系统模型,对路面不平整引起的车辆与道路之间的随机振动进行了分析,指出车辆–道路耦合振动的随机功率谱密度是进行路面疲劳寿命预测的一种手段和方法,并提出了相应的预测步骤,旨在为长寿命路面的设计和性能评价提供参考。     

层板复合材料的疲劳剩余寿命预报模型

应用可靠性分析的方法，导出了层板复合材料在疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳剩余寿命的预报模型。该模型已用典型层板复合材料在恒幅疲劳载荷作用下的实验数据进行了验证，实验结果表明，理论预测结果与实验值的接近程度是合理的。     

层板复合材料的疲劳剩余寿命预报模型

应用可靠性分析的方法 ,导出了层板复合材料在疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳剩余寿命的预报模型。该模型已用典型层板复合材料在恒幅疲劳载荷作用下的实验数据进行了验证。实验结果表明 ,理论预测结果与实验值的接近程度是合理的     

岸边集装箱桥式起重机疲劳寿命预测

为确保岸边集装箱桥式起重机能够安全的运行、防止安全事故的发生,对其进行两个月不间断连续监测,并对主梁结构进行疲劳寿命预测分析。将起重机实际的运行数据经过等值压缩、峰谷值提取等处理,再利用雨流计数法对数据结果进行循环数据统计。利用Goodman等寿命法对循环应力进行等寿命转换,消除平均应力的影响。结合P-S-N曲线和Miner法则,对起重机进行疲劳寿命预测。结果显示,在99%的存活率下,岸边集装箱桥式起重机的主梁寿命约为38.85年,所得数据可为起重机的维修与保养提供参考。     

FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF NOTCHED COMPOSITE COMPONENTS

Abstract— The local stress/strain approach has been used to predict the fatigue lives of notched composite components. The method was based on a microstress analysis and the application of a multiaxial fatigue parameter incorporating the alternating strain components on the critical plane. This parameter was able to correlate the fatigue lives obtained under a variety of multiaxial loading and geometrical configurations, enabling a generalized fatigue life curve to be determined on the basis of limited experimental data.
The ability of the multiaxial fatigue parameter to relate the fatigue behaviour of composites was illustrated by predicting the locations of crack initiation sites in a unidirectional silicon carbide fibre reinforced titanium plate containing a circular hole tested under constant amplitude cyclic loading. The same approach was also successfully employed to predict the fatigue lives of graphite reinforced epoxy composite tubes with circular holes tested under several combinations of cyclic tension and torsion.     

FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION IN BENDING FROM AXIAL FATIGUE INFORMATION

Bending fatigue in the low cyclic life range differs from axial fatigue due to the plastic flow which alters the linear stress-strain relation normally used to determine the nominal stresses. An approach is presented in this report to take into account the plastic flow in calculating nominal bending stress S_bending based on true surface stress. For a given surface strain ε_S, hence the surface life (N_S), an equation is derived to express S_bending in terms of axial fatigue stress (S_axial), involving material constants c, b, N_T which are obtained from axial fatigue information and f₁ and f₂ which are functions of strain hardening exponent and depend on the geometry of cross-section. These functions are derived in closed form for rectangular and circular cross-sections. The nominal bending stress and the axial fatigue stress are plotted as a function of life (N_S) and these curves are shown for some materials of engineering interest.     

考虑应变路径的多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型

通过分析材料在多轴非比例加载下产生附加强化的机理,该文以拉扭薄壁管试件为研究对象,分析了临界平面上的应变状态,并在此基础上以塑性应变能为控制参数定义表征多轴低周疲劳寿命对应变路径依赖性的非比例度。基于多轴疲劳临界损伤面原理,应用von-Mises 准则和本文定义的应变路径非比例度参数建立起能反映应变路径对非比例附加强化影响的多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型。利用该模型预测08X18H10T 不锈钢、Ti-6Al-4V合金、S460N 钢和2.25Cr-1Mo 钢这4 种材料的多轴疲劳寿命,并与试验值进行比较。结果表明：该模型的预测结果与试验结果吻合良好,能同时适用于比例与非比例加载,预测精度较高,便于工程应用。     

基于塑性应变能的多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型

在分析多轴疲劳损伤机理的基础上,提出一个新的多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型。此模型以临界平面上的塑性应变能作为疲劳损伤参量,分析了临界平面的特点并给出了损伤参量的计算过程。利用该模型预测了不同加载路径下的304不锈钢试件的疲劳寿命,并与试验值进行比较。结果表明,该损伤参量具有明确的物理意义,能够适用于多轴比例与非比例等各种复杂的加载情况。     

PREDICTION OF FATIGUE LIFE BASED ON LEVEL CROSSINGS AND A STATE VARIABLE

Abstract The differences between the cycle count approach and the level crossing approach are discussed from the general fatigue life estimation assumptions as formulated by Holm and de Maré. It is concluded that the differences are related to the interpretation of the assumption of order independence, i.e. the neglecting of sequential effects. A revised level crossing model is proposed where damage accumulation depends on the level crossing and the stress history condensed in a state variable. In order to formulate a mean fatigue life the stationarity and ergodicity conditions on the involved processes are outlined. In this revised model sequential effects can be taken into account and in an example the state variable is chosen as the opening stress of a fatigue loaded crack. The dynamics of the opening stress is described by a simple two parameter auto-regressive model. The entering parameters are estimated from published experimental results and the model is applied to different variable amplitude results from the literature. Calculated results for fatigue life are promising compared to experimental results.     

PREDICTION OF FATIGUE LIFE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHODS

Abstract— X-ray double crystal diffractometry and reflection topography were employed to examine the defect structure induced by fatigue of A1 2024 specimens. Analysis after various amounts of tension compression cycling revealed that the excess dislocation density in the surface layer increased rapidly early in the fatigue life, and maintained virtually a plateau value from 20 to 90% of the life. Beyond 90%, the excess dislocation density increased rapidly again to a critical value at failure. Investigation of the defect distribution in depth showed that the excess dislocation density in the bulk material, by contrast to the surface layer, increased more gradually during the life. Using deeply penetrating molybdenum radiation, the grains in the bulk could be analyzed, and thus the fatigue life and onset of failure could be predicted nondestructively. It was also shown that, after removal of the surface layer, the defect structure induced in the bulk by prior cycling was unstable. The resultant extension of fatigue life by surface layer removal was explained on the basis of this structural instability of the bulk material.     

冷却方式对纤维增强复合材料疲劳寿命的影响

分别在自然冷却和风扇冷却条件下进行了两组某纤维增强复合材料的拉-拉疲劳性能试验，并对试验数据进行了比较和分析。结果表明，自然冷却时，由于加载频率过高而引起试验材料工作部分过热，使其疲劳寿命明显比采用风扇冷却时测试出的值偏低。因此，对采用较高加载频率或对温度较为敏感的纤维增强复合材料，在工程应用中，建议采用吹风散热装置，以延长该类材料制品的使用寿命。     

基于随机振动理论的焊接结构疲劳寿命概率预测方法研究

为了能够在设计阶段对承受随机载荷作用的焊接结构的焊缝进行疲劳寿命预测,该文以随机振动理论为基础,结合主S-N曲线法,通过推导证明了用于焊接结构疲劳寿命评估的等效结构应力与激励载荷之间存在线性传递关系,从而提出了一个频域的焊接结构随机振动疲劳寿命概率预测新方法。该方法能够解决多随机载荷作用下复杂焊接结构振动疲劳寿命预测问题。通过T型接头的算例对比分析,证明了该方法能够考虑激励载荷的频率对焊缝疲劳寿命的影响。直接以线路实测随机加速度谱做为激励载荷,对某轨道集装箱平车车体结构关键焊缝的振动疲劳寿命进行预测,结果表明:该方法的预测结果与实际情况吻合,便于工程应用。     

疲劳状态检测元件的研究

疲劳状态检测元件对于检测在役的结构和构件的疲劳损伤状态具有独特的优势。对该元件的机理、工艺和性能进行了进一步的研究。采用四种箔材及两种制片工艺研制了疲劳状态检测元件，并对其性能进行了试验研究。实验结果表明，疲劳状态检测元件的阻值能够根据累积循环应变历程产生相应的变化。采用工艺1的疲劳状态检测元件的最大电阻变化率可达6．5％，而采用工艺2的最大电阻变化率为4．5％。研究结果表明，疲劳状态检测元件的制片工艺是影响其性能的主要原因。     

考虑棘轮效应的疲劳寿命预测方法

多轴棘轮加载时轴向加载的恒定应力、剪切应变幅对轴向棘轮应变和疲劳寿命有很大的影响.考虑棘轮效应影响的Coffin模型将棘轮效应与循环部分相结合来计算疲劳寿命,预测结果较好,绝大部分预测结果分布在2倍分散带内.