一种基于金属码盘的新型绝对式光电轴角编码器

为了提高光电轴角编码器的抗冲击、振动能力,采用金属作为制作透射式码盘的材料,而目前透射式金属码盘制作工艺的特性无法解决金属刻线宽度和厚度之间呈反比的矛盾。在分析矩阵码盘编码原理的基础上,设计了一种新型的八矩阵编码,通过和狭缝盘的匹配,使得两圈码道输出十位码,有效地减少了码道数量,降低了刻划难度,为研制小型光电轴角编码器提供了核心保障;同时又在码盘外型尺寸一定的情况下,使码盘厚度最大。另外,为了降低金属码盘的颤动造成错码的机率,结合金属码盘的制作特点,利用码盘外边缘作为一圈码道。试验表明,研制的以该种金属编码盘为核心的绝对式光电轴角编码器,测角精度达75″,抗冲击大于100gn、振动大于20gn,为玻璃码盘光电轴角编码器的五倍多,有效地解决了光电轴角编码器在冲击、振动较大环境中长期工作的需求。     

基于编码器的环形最优路径实现

编码器在电动机反馈系统及控制设备中应用广泛,由于在环形路径中编码器的码盘值存在过零点问题,因此在环形路径中码盘值处理成为应用的一个难点。本文根据虚拟的应用场景,通过严密的数学公式推导,给出环形最优路径,并通过软件编程予以实现。经实验验证本方案能够有效解决编码器码盘值过零点问题,实现基于编码器的环形最优路径选择。     

一种新型的增量式序位码编码器

提出了一种多探头k分割编码结构原理及一种新型的增量式序位码编码器结构，可有效地增加码盘容量．提高分辨率并减少码道标志数，可缩小码盘尺寸．     

一种新型光电轴角编码器译码方法研究

针对光电轴角编码器的光电流信号变化对传统译码电路结果有很大影响的问题,提出了一种新型译码方法及其硬件电路实现。该方法采用全数字方案获取编码器的原始信息,自适应地改变译码算法所需的关键参数,对环境变化等因素进行补偿。为了获得最佳的滤波效果,使滤波器参数随转速改变,对粗码信号进行智能滤波处理。在空间激光链路的高精度编码器应用中,此方法大大减少了译码电路调试和光电编码器机械装调的工作量,降低了由各种环境变化和干扰造成的误码率。     

多级码盘反射二进制编码器

本文叙述了通过齿轮系耦合的二个编码器之间的纠错方法。 从以前的知识可以了解到,编码器的容量可通过减速齿轮耦合多个码盘加以扩展。容量的增加等于所用的齿轮比。但是由于齿轮间隙和渡越点位置的不确定性,产生了需要消除的模糊度问题。在单级码盘情况下,使用松香码     

利用图像传感器的光电轴角编码器编码研究

研究了绝对式角度编码器的编码原理及解码方法.在分析国内外已有编码原理的基础上,提出了一种以位移连续码为基础的新型码盘图案,该码盘在背景光照射下,由图像传感器进行光学图像采集,快速数字化后经代码识别算法获取绝对位置信息.该图形简单,制作方便,类似于增量式编码器图案,但实现了绝对式编码,易于实现编码器的小型化.实验结果表明该系统设计及理论依据是完全正确的.     

基于机器视觉的编码器光栅装配偏心调整技术

编码器光栅装配的过程中, 光栅实际回转中心与编码器主体轴的回转中心很难重合, 这样会影响编码器的输出信号的精度。为了解决编码器光栅与主轴的偏心问题, 提出一种基于机器视觉的光栅偏心自动调整系统。对光栅表面图像进行分析处理, 对边界跟踪提取及基于Hough变换圆弧检测等算法进行研究。根据光栅装配要求搭建了偏心计算系统的硬件系统。对光栅图像进行预处理及形态学操作, 在分析提取光栅基圆部分圆弧边界的基础上, 通过Hough变换的圆弧检测原理还原出光栅基圆并标定其圆心。介绍了系统通过多幅光栅基圆圆心拟合回转圆, 确定光栅偏心位置。实验结果表明, 基于机器视觉的编码器光栅偏心计算方法成功计算出光栅与主轴的偏心位置, 为光栅偏心调节奠定了基础。采用光栅偏心计算系统在编码器光栅的装配作业中具有很好的可行性。     

BLDCM增量式光电编码器码盘损伤检测系统

直流无刷电机(BLDCM)兼有交流电机的结构简单和普通直流电机的高运行效率以及极佳调速性能等特点;尤其在精确定位的伺服系统中得到广泛应用.但在BLDCM高精度伺服定位中起着关键作用的光电编码器码盘在实际安装中常会因为操作不当而对其造成损伤,增大了电机产品的出厂故障率.介绍了基于FPGA设计的光电码盘损伤检测方案,可以快速准确地检测待测BLDCM光电编码器码盘的受损程度.     

HDTV编码器测试系统的设计与硬件实现

高清晰度电视（HDTV）编码器测试系统用于HDTV编码器各模块电路的调试与故障诊断，是HDTV编码器研制过程中不可缺少的测试设备。该系统通过向HDTV各模块电路发送测试用的数字视频码流，并接收和分析经过各模块电路处理后近视频码流，从而确定HDTV编码器各单元电路是滞正常。该文提出并实现了一个HDTV编码器测试系统，主要介绍了硬件部分的设计与实现。     

基于PMAC的角编码器检测控制系统

光杠杆角编码器检测装置用于角编码器的误差检测,可提高天文望远镜的运动控制精度.该装置需要较高精度的转动控制,并实现自动检测.根据该检测装置的功能要求,以可编程多轴运动控制器(PMAC)为核心,设计了角编码器检测装置的控制系统,搭建了控制系统的硬件平台,编写了控制系统的应用软件,实现了CCD曝光与码盘数据采集的同步.实验结果表明:该装置转台的重复定位误差绝对值小于4″,满足角编码器检测系统的要求.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.