基于网络的虚拟数控铣削系统

描述了一个基于网络的虚拟数控铣削系统.运用3DSMAX和虚拟现实建模语言(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage-VRML)分别建立了虚拟数控铣床模型和三维铣削场景模型.提出并实现了一种适用于VRML语言的工件毛坯的深度元素(dexel)建模方法.运用VRML的外部编程接口(ExternalAuthoringInterface-EAI)实现了JavaApplet和VRML场景之间的交互.在Tomcat服务器平台上开发了一套基于网络的虚拟数控铣削系统,该系统允许用户通过Web浏览器直观地对虚拟数控铣床进行操作.在某一特定的切削条件下,可以获得铣削力以及加工表面形貌等用户感兴趣的数据.据此可对加工工艺参数的合理性进行评估.     

虚拟加工系统运动仿真的研究

分析了在虚拟制造中占有重要地位的机械加工过程仿真方法．以HAASVF-1加工中心为例，对虚拟加工系统的运动仿真进行了研究和探讨．利用UG强大的运动分析功能实现了虚拟加工系统的运动仿真．该运动仿真使人们直观感受加工过程，能对加工过程中出现的碰撞和干涉进行检测，并提供报警信息．     

应用虚拟制造技术开发五轴加工中心

为了满足机床的高精度、高刚度、高速度和复杂运动的要求,用三维CAD建立整机数字模型,对在设计阶段采用虚拟现实制造技术开发五轴加工中心新产品进行了研究。在虚拟模型上进行机床运动分析和机械干涉检查,采用有限元方法做动力学仿真分析,温度变化和热变形误差分析,以及加工和装配工艺分析等。在虚拟样机上的研究结果被用来在设计过程中改进机床。     

基于多体系统理论的数控机床加工精度预测系统

研究了基于多体系统理论的数控机床加工工件表面建模和加工精度预测建模的机理,基于虚拟加工技术,开发出了数控机床加工精度软件预测系统.最后,为了验证开发的精度预测系统的有效性,在对包括几何误差、热变形误差和力变形误差在内的机床综合误差进行检测和辨识的基础上,进行了加工精度预测仿真.     

切削加工过程的仿真方法研究与实现

为提供虚拟的加工环境和验证工艺设计的正确性,对切削加工过程的计算机仿真方法进行了研究,以OpenGL作为图形支持系统,用VC++开发了切削加工仿真系统。该系统实现了车、铣、刨、磨等多种加工方式的仿真,可对刀具运动和材料切出情况进行实时监控,且可通过工艺参数(如切削速度、进刀量等)对切削过程进行控制,并能自动计算和优化切削时间、成本等参数。系统界面友好,操作方便,运行可靠,能有效地帮助工艺人员对整个加工过程进行直观的评估和验证。     

Machining process model based on virtual reality environment

Virtual manufacturing is fast becoming an affordable technology with wide-ranging applications in mod ern manufacturing. Its advantages over existing technology are primarily that users can visualize, feel involvement and interact with virtual representations of real world activities in real time. In this paper, a virtual cutting system isbuilt which can simulate turning process, estimate tool wear and cutting force using artificial neural network etc. Using the simulated machining environment in virtual reality (VR), the user can practise and preview the operations for possible problems that might occur during implementation. This approach enables designers to evaluate and design feasible machining processes in a consistent manner as early as possible during the development process.     

金刚石车削表面微观形貌形成机理的研究

为了在超精密加工前预测并控制表面粗糙度，提出一种建立圆弧刃车刀金刚石车削表面微观形貌的几何模型的新方法，开发并编写了表面微观形貌的仿真程序，在程序中考虑了刀具几何参数、振动和最小切削厚度对已加工表面特性的影响，通过理论分析和试验研究确定了最小切削厚度与切削刃钝圆半径之间的关系，分析了影响已加工表面粗糙度的若干因素，并在仿真生成的表面微观形貌中成功地加入了随机振动信号，大量切削试验是在自行研制的亚微米CNC超精密机床上进行的，结果表明：利用所建立的表面微观形貌几何模型，能够预测金刚石车削加工将要获得的表面粗糙度。     

Jerk-limited feedrate scheduling and optimization for five-axis machining using new piecewise linear programming approach

In this paper, a new computation method and an optimization algorithm are presented for feedrate scheduling of five-axis machining in compliance with both machine drive limits and process limits. Five-axis machine tool with its ability of controlling tool orientation to follow the sculptured surface contour has been widely used in modern manufacturing industry. Feedrate scheduling serving as a kernel of CNC control system plays a critical role to ensure the required machining accuracy and reliability for five-axis machining. Due to the nonlinear coupling effects of all involved drive axes and the saturation limit of servo motors, the feedrate scheduling for multi-axis machining has long been recognized and remains as a critical challenge for achieving five-axis machine tools' full capacity and advantage. To solve the nonlinearity nature of the five-axis feedrate scheduling problems, a relaxation mathematical process is presented for relaxing both the drive motors' physical limitations and the kinematic constraints of five-axis tool motions. Based on the primary optimization variable of feedrate, the presented method analytically linearizes the machining-related constraints, in terms of the machines' axis velocities, axis accelerations and axis jerks. The nonlinear multi-constrained feedrate scheduling problem is transformed into a manageable linear programming problem. An optimization algorithm is presented to find the optimal feedrate scheduling solution for the five-axis machining problems. Both computer implementation and laboratorial experiment testing by actual machine cutting were conducted and presented in this paper. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively generate efficient feedrate scheduling for five-axis machining with constraints of the machine tool physical constraints and limits. Compared with other existing numerical methods, the proposed method is able to find an accurate analytical solution for the nonlinear constrained five-axis feedrate scheduling problems without compromising the efficiency of the machining processes.     

Machining process model based on virtual reality environment

Virtual manufacturing is fast becoming an affordable technology with wide-ranging applications in modern manufacturing. Its advantages over existing technology are primarily that users can visualize, feel involvement and interact with virtual representations of real world activities in real time. In this paper, a virtual cutting system is built which can simulate turning process, estimate tool wear and cutting force using artificial neural network etc. Using the simulated machining environment in virtual reality (VR), the user can practise and preview the operations for possible problems that might occur during implementation. This approach enables designers to evaluate and design feasible machining processes in a consistent manner as early as possible during the development process. Foundation item: Projects (50475117, 50175081) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (033181611) supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Tianjin Municipal     

等基圆锥齿轮加工刀具轨迹的研究

利用计算机模拟数控加工等基圆锥齿轮，分析走刀轨迹，给出刀具和轮坯的相对运动关系数学模型．在实验室按照上述理论模型控制刀具轨迹进行实际加工，与计算机模拟加工结果相吻合，充分证明该理论模型的正确性．该方法可用于数控编程进行实际加工，它对完善这种新型齿轮加工技术具有重要意义．     

大型水轮机转轮的计算机辅助制造技术

转轮是由一系列叶片和回转特征的零件组成。叶片是大型水轮机中最关键和最难制造的部件之一。为了高效制造这类叶片和有效地控制制造成本,研究开发出了一系列的计算机辅助叶片制造技术,包括：基于水轮机叶片制造要求的数字化设计、通过三维数字化测量的计算机辅助定位及误差评估、提高数控加工效率并能有效控制加工误差的刀位轨迹计算策略、通过建立虚拟数控加工叶片的仿真环境来验证数控加工的刀位轨迹和加工过程、以及切实可行并系统化的大型叶片五轴联动数控加工工艺。研究开发的数字化制造技术已成功用于大型轴流式和混流式水轮机叶片制造中,实际表明既可提高加工效率又能获得更好的叶片曲面加工精度。     

基于虚拟加工的数控车削过程优化

为了优化车削加工过程,提高加工效率,提出基于虚拟加工技术预测实际切削参数,采用数控程序优化实现数控切削过程优化的方法.应用轮廓多边形的工件模型表示法,研究车削过程中瞬时切削深度和切削速度的获取算法,进一步利用优化算法和数控程序修正,实现数控车削过程的优化.实际切削实验和分析对比表明:加工时间显著缩短,充分利用了机床加工能力,优化后的切削过程得到了改善,提高了加工效率。     

平面二次包络环面蜗杆数控加工误差分析研究

以多体系统建模理论和空间啮合原理为基础,研究数控机床各轴运动误差、刀具误差、工装误差等多项原始误差对平面二次包络环面蜗杆数控加工廓面精度的影响,推导出包含以上各误差的平面二次包络环面蜗杆误差廓面方程,利用牛顿迭代法计算并对误差计算结果进行对比分析,从理论上阐述各误差对加工蜗杆廓面精度的影响规律,为平面二次包络环面蜗杆高精度数控加工提供参考。       

整体叶轮数控加工自动编程系统研究

对整体叶轮的加工工艺进行了分析,以B样条曲线曲面理论为基础,以CBuilder50为开发工具,设计开发了整体叶轮五轴联动数控加工程序的编程系统。同时,用数据库技术实现了叶型数据输入的通用性;用串口实现了计算机与机床的数据通信。     

基于多体系统理论的精密立式加工中心精度建模与预测

为了对机床加工精度进行事先预测并验证设计方案的合理性,分析了几何误差因素,基于多体系统理论建立了精密立式加工中心的精度预测模型。用拓扑结构和低序体阵列描述了多体系统间的关联性。基于齐次变换矩阵描述体与体之间的坐标变换关系,推导出多体系统中任意两相邻体之间各种运动的特征矩阵和相对运动方程,最终建立了精密立式加工中心精度预测模型,并以模拟加工典型试件为基础,实现了对机床的精度预测。预测分析表明,基于多体系统的精度建模可以有效抽象地描述精密立式加工中心的系统结构,并实现加工精度的合理预测,为机床设计方案的改进及精度分配提供了重要的依据。     

Research on CNC Turning System of Aspheric Machining Grinding Wheel

The technology of machining aspheric surface with high precision is the premise for the application of aspheric surface. The grinding machining with error compensation is a commonly used method to machine aspheric surface, which will directly influence the quality of aspheric workpiece surface. Multifunctional CNC grinding wheel truing system is a four-axis CNC truing system which can be applied to grinding wheel truing. In this system,DSP-based multi-axes motion control card is adopted as the controller, and visual C is used as development tool.When the design of hardware and software is completed, the system can implement truing of various grinding wheel with high precision aspheric machining such as plane gripding wheel, arc grinding one, and sphere grinding one.     

Digital Manufacture Techniques for Large Hydro Turbine's Blades

Blades are one of the vital components and most difficulty in manufacturing of large hydro turbines.In order to cost-effectively and productively manufacture these kinds of blades,a series of digital techniques in manufacturing have been devel- oped,which includes digital design of hydro turbine blades based on manufacture' requirements,Computer-aided location and the machined error evaluation by using 3-dimensional digitized measuring,tool path generation strategy to meet requirements of en- hancing machining efficiency and controlling deviation in NC machining,tool path generation and NC machining simulation by es- tablishing a virtual NC machining environment for blades,and reasonable and feasible strategy and the systematic scheme for man- ufacturing of large blades by using 5-axis simultaneous CNC machining.The developed digital manufacture techniques have been successfully applied in manufacturing of both the large Kaplan and Francis hydraulic turbine blades;it shows that higher efficiency and the better surfaces finish accuracy can be achieved.     

Study on the Digital Manufacturing System of Ship Model Surface

Because a ship model surface (SMS) is a large double-curved 3-D surface,the machining efficiency of the cur- rent handcraft manufacturing method are very low,and the precision is difficult to control also.In order to greatly improve the machining efficiency and precision of SMS,based on the CAD/CAM/CNC technology,this paper proposed a model of SMS digi- tal manufacturing system,which is composed of five functional modules (preprocess module,CAD module,CAM module,post- process module and CNC module),and a twin-skeg SMS as an example,the key technologies & design principle of the nodtules were investigated also Based on the above research works,the first set of 4-axis SMS Digital Manufacturing System in China has been successfully developed,which can reduce the machining time of the twin-skeg SMS from 30 working days needed for the cur- rent handcrafting manufacturing method to 8 hours now,and which can control more effectively the precision of SMS also.     

汽车覆盖件模具的非球头刀宽行加工方法

汽车覆盖件模具型面一般是由大面积平坦面和一定陡立面结合的构成的自由曲面.针对汽车覆盖件模具粗加工及半精加工中球头刀效率低的问题,将非球头刀的宽行加工应用于汽车覆盖件模具粗加工与半精加工过程,在工艺上使用环形刀加工陡立面,高进给铣刀加工平坦面的组合加工方式来代替普通球头刀加工,论述了高进给铣刀在加工平坦类曲面中的优势,提出了平底类刀具铣削平坦凹曲面的最小曲率半径判定原则,并对环形刀和高进给铣刀铣削区域内的刀路轨迹进行优化.最后,在三轴数控机床上进行了实验验证,实验结果表明:宽行加工工艺与球头刀加工相比可提高加工效率44.75%.     

基于S试件的AC双转台五轴数控机床加工 精度检测联合仿真

为了深入研究高档数控机床的加工精度检测机理,利用Adams和Matlab/Simulink软件平台对AC双转台五轴联动数控机床加工S试件的运动过程进行联合仿真。首先搭建了机床的机械系统和控制系统模型,然后将整机机械模型的6个输入变量和12个输出变量通过Adams/Control模块分别与Simulink建立的控制模型进行对接,完成系统输入、输出的设置,从而实现整机机电耦合的联合仿真。仿真结果表明五轴机床在加工S试件过程中各个轴的运动都呈非线性变化,与工程实际经验相符。