HNS900高氮奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能研究

为研究HNS900高氮奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能,取样进行不同钢种对比试验并进行临界点蚀温度测定,发现HNS900不锈钢耐点蚀性能优于06Cr19Ni10不锈钢、022Cr17Ni12Mo2不锈钢但较双相不锈钢022Cr23Ni5Mo3N差,临界点蚀温度为32℃。     

固溶温度对00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢显微组织及耐点蚀性能的影响

研究了固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo4N显微组织及耐点蚀性能的影响.结果表明,在900～1020 ℃之间有金属间化合物σ相析出,对钢的性能和组织产生一定影响,特别是明显降低钢的耐点蚀性能;在1040～1100 ℃之间固溶处理耐点蚀性能最好.运用Thermo-Calc热力学软件分别计算相图、相含量、α和γ相的PREN(耐点蚀当量)值,与试验结果进行了对比分析.σ相稳定温度比Thermo-Calc预测结果高,在980 ℃以上计算的α和γ相含量与试验结果较一致,但计算的α和γ相PREN值不能正确评定耐点蚀性.     

Cl离子对 304、316不锈钢临界点蚀温度的影响

采用外加恒定电位下腐蚀电流-温度扫描的方法分别研究了304、316不锈钢在不同浓度NaCl水溶液中的临界点蚀温度.得到了材料临界点蚀温度随Cl-浓度变化的关系曲线.在分析温度与Cl-浓度分别对钝化膜影响的基础上阐述了二者对不锈钢点蚀的综合作用机理.     

双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能

根据母材临界点蚀温度(CPT)的试验结果,利用小试样的腐蚀实验方法研究了奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐点蚀性能.结果表明,手工电弧焊工艺过程对双相不锈钢材料的耐点蚀性能具有显著的影响,点蚀优先发生在焊缝金属或焊接热影响区中.双相不锈钢材料的耐点蚀性能与材料本身奥氏体和铁素体相比例有关.腐蚀试样的表面状态(粗糙程度)对母材金属的耐点蚀性能有明显的影响.表面越粗糙,耐点蚀性能越差,临界点蚀温度越低.     

两种不锈钢在模拟重水堆一回路溶液和3.5％NaCl溶液中的点蚀行为

采用电化学方法研究了重水堆核电站一回路引漏管线用304L和316L不锈钢在多种环境中的点蚀行为,包括在30和60℃模拟重水堆一回路溶液和3.5％NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位、阳极极化曲线和临界点蚀温度(CPT).对比分析了温度、溶液和材料因素对材料腐蚀行为的影响.结果 表明:模拟溶液中材料的点蚀电位和CPT均高于3.5％N...     

304不锈钢环保型酸洗钝化工艺及其性能研究

采用化学浸泡法和动电位扫描法研究了304不锈钢在环保型酸洗钝化工艺下所得钝化膜的耐点蚀性能,运用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了钝化膜的组成和结构.结果表明:由正交试验优选出的最优配方和工艺可大大提高304不锈钢表面钝化膜的耐点蚀性能;304不锈钢表面钝化膜中的Cr、Fe、Ni分别以Cr2O3、FeO、NiO的形式存在;钝化处理后,试片表面钝化膜中的铬元素和镍元素的含量明显增加.综合考虑,不锈钢柠檬酸钝化的最佳工艺为:柠檬酸质量分数4%,氧化剂X体积分数5%,乙醇体积分数2.5%,温度40℃,钝化时间60min.     

超级13Cr不锈钢的临界点蚀温度

采用电化学测试和化学浸泡两种方法,研究了超级13Cr不锈钢的临界点蚀温度,并对其点蚀形貌进行了分析。结果表明,电化学和化学浸泡法测定的超级13Cr钢的临界点蚀温度相差了4℃,主要原因是FeCl3强烈的氧化作用促进了点蚀的发生。化学浸泡法主要适用对比评价几种材料的耐点蚀性能,电化学测试则可准确描述点蚀形成的临界条件。当温度低于临界点蚀温度(CPT)时,材料表面形成孔径小于30μm的点蚀坑,蚀坑处于亚稳态;当温度高于CPT时,为点蚀的发展提供了条件,形成稳定的点蚀。     

温度对Cr26Mol超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐点蚀性能的影响

通过循环极化曲线、Mott-Schottky曲线以及电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了温度对Cr26Mo1超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐点蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着温度升高,Cr26Mo1超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢的自腐蚀电位降低,腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位下降,钝化膜阻抗降低.Cr26Mo1不锈钢钝化膜的半导体类型和性质在不同温度下发生改变.Cr26Mo1不锈钢发生点蚀的孕育期随着温度的升高而缩短,点蚀敏感性增加,已发生点蚀的试样不能够自修复.     

00Cr25Ni8Mo3CuN双相不锈钢的组织和性能研究

在传统的SAF2507双相不锈钢的基础上,调整了其中几种主要元素的含量,并且研究了00Cr25Ni8Mo3CuN钢的相组成、力学性能和耐点蚀性能.结果表明:该双相不锈钢的相组成除了主要相(铁素体相和奥氏体相)以外,还有少量的析出相.钢的塑性和硬度均较高,并且具有优异的耐点蚀性能.     

敏化温度对SAF2304双相不锈钢耐局部腐蚀性能的影响

用双环电化学动电位再活化法（DL EPR）和临界点蚀温度（CPT）分别评价了在不同温度（600—950℃）下敏化处理2 h对SAF2304双相不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀性能和耐点蚀性能的影响、并通过电化学蚀刻技术结合SEM对材料的微观组织演变进行了表征.结果表明,随着敏化温度的升高,SAF2304双相不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀性能和耐点蚀性能都是先变差后增强,在700和750℃下敏化处理2 h后其耐局部腐蚀性能最差.对材料微观组织形貌的表征显示,Cr₂N的析出及其周边贫Cr区的形成是导致材料耐蚀性能下降的主要原因.     

Localized corrosion properties of low interstitial ferritic,high purity austenitic and high chromium duplex stainless steels

Within the framework of a research aimed at characterizing the behaviour of new materials to pitting and crevice corrosion, an investigation has been made, using electrochemical techniques, of the following materials: ELI ferritic stainless steels (18 Cr-2 Mo-Ti; 21 Cr-3 Mo-Ti; 26 Cr-1 Mo); high chromium duplex stainless steel (Z 5 CNDU 21-08) and high chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel (Z 2 CNDU 25-20); commercial austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304 L and 316 L) and laboratory heats of austenitic stainless steels with low contents of interstitials (LTM/18 Cr- 12 Ni, LTM/16 Cr- 14 Ni-2 Mo). It was possible to graduate a scale of resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in neutral chloride solutions at 40 C; in particular the two experimental austenitic stainless steels LTM/18 Cr- 12 Ni and LTM/16 Cr- 14 Ni-2 Mo are at the same level as the AISI 316 L and 18 Cr-2 Mo-Ti, respectively. An occluded cell was developed and used for determining the critical potential for crevice corrosion (E_{localized corrosion}). For the steels under investigation E_{localized corrosion} is less noble than E_pitting especially for ELI ferritic 18 Cr-2 Mo-Ti and 21 Cr–3 Mo-Ti.     

Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Stickstoffs auf das Lochkorrosionsverhalten hochlegierter austenitischer Cr‐Ni‐Mo‐Stähle

Investigation of the influence of nitrogen on the pitting corrosion of high alloyed austenitic Cr‐Ni‐Mo‐steels Austenitic stainless steels (18% Cr, 12% Ni, Mo gradation between 0.5 to 3.6%) had been gas‐nitrided. By stepwise removal, samples could be prepared with various surface content of nitrogen up to 0.45%. The susceptibility against pitting corrosion of these samples had been tested by two methods: – determination of the stable pitting potential in 0.5 M NaCl at 25°C – determination of the critical pitting temperature in artificial sea water (DIN 81249‐4) The influence of nitrogen to both determined parameter can be described well by PRE = Cr + 3,3 · Mo + 25 · N That means for the investigated steel composition and the used corrosion system there is no influence of molybdenum on the effectiveness of nitrogen.     

不锈钢在海水飞溅区的腐蚀行为

总结了5种不锈钢在青岛海域飞溅区暴露16年的腐蚀行为和 规律.2Cr13在飞溅区不能维持其表面的钝态,耐蚀性较差.含16%Cr以上的不锈钢在飞 溅区有较好的耐蚀性.1Cr18Ni9Ti、00Cr19Ni10和000Cr18Mo2在飞溅区暴露2～4年间,F179 在1、2年间,点蚀速度较大,此后它们的点蚀深度随时间无明显加深.不锈钢在飞溅区的点 蚀密度随暴露时间增大.增加Cr含量、添加Mo能提高不锈 钢在飞溅区的耐蚀性.     

不锈钢盐酸露点腐蚀行为的原位研究

利用一种新型的露点腐蚀模拟装置结合原位的电化学阻抗谱,电化学噪声等测试手段评价了304和316L两种不锈钢的盐酸露点腐蚀行为.结果表明,316L不锈钢表现出更优异的耐盐酸露点腐蚀性能,主要原因可归结为两点:一是316L不锈钢钝化膜中含有较高的Cr/(Cr+Fe) 比以及较低含量的Fe;二是316L不锈钢钝化膜中含有能改善抗点蚀性能的Mo.     

Investigation on Pitting Corrosion of Nickel-Free and Manganese-Alloyed High-Nitrogen Stainless Steels

Pitting corrosion behavior of three kinds of nickel-free and manganese-alloyed high-nitrogen (N) stainless steels (HNSSs) was investigated using electrochemical and immersion testing methods. Type 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was also included for comparison purpose. Both solution-annealed and sensitization-treated steels were examined. The solution-annealed HNSSs showed much better resistance to pitting corrosion than the 316L SS in both neutral and acidic sodium chloride solutions. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) had no further improvement on the pitting corrosion resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization treatment resulted in significant degradation of the pitting corrosion resistance of the HNSSs, but not for the 316L SS. Typical large size of corrosion pits was observed on the surface of solution-annealed 316L SS, while small and dispersed corrosion pits on the surfaces of solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization-treated HNSSs suffered very severe pitting corrosion, accompanying the intergranular attack. The addition of Mo significantly improved the resistance of the sensitization-treated HNSSs to pitting corrosion, particularly in acidic solution. The good resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs to pitting corrosion could be attributed to the passive film contributed by N, Cr, and Mo. The sensitization treatment degraded the passive film by decreasing anti-corrosion elements and Cr-bearing oxides in the passive film.     

激光电子散斑干涉技术监测奥氏体不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的点蚀敏感性

用动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法检测1Cr18Ni9Ti、304和316三种奥氏体不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的点蚀敏感性;用恒电位下的计时电流法结合激光电子散斑干涉技术（ESPI）实时监测这三种材料在3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化过程的表面动态变化及点蚀感应时间(τ)。结果表明,当电极表面发生点蚀时,激光电子散斑干涉图上会出现由点蚀产物扩散引起的亮斑。1Cr18Ni9Ti和 304不锈钢的τ值分别是1 s和9 s,316不锈钢的τ值大于50 s。由此可以判断1Cr18Ni9Ti的点蚀敏感性最大,304居中,316的点蚀敏感性最小。此结果与动电位极化和电化学阻抗等电化学方法得出的结果一致。激光电子散斑干涉技术可以做为一种实验室方法监测金属早期点蚀敏感性。     

Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Stickstoffs auf das Lochkorrosionsverhalten hochlegierter austenitischer Cr‐Ni‐Mo‐Stähle (Teil II)

Investigation of the influence of nitrogen on the pitting corrosion of high alloyed austenitic Cr‐Ni‐Mo‐steels (Part II) Austenitic stainless steel (18% Cr, 12% Ni, Mo gradation between 0,06 to 3,6%) had been solution nitrided. By step‐by‐step removing, the samples could be prepared with various surface contents of nitrogen from 0.04 to 0.42%. In two test series the influence of nitrogen had been determined. The susceptibility against pitting corrosion of these samples had been tested by the chronopotentiostatical method. For the investigated steel composition and the used corrosion system there is no infuence of molybdenum on the effectiveness of nitrogen. The effectiveness of nitrogen can be described by the factor 25 in the PRE. By the investigation of the surfaces with the XPS analysis, it could be shown that the passivation and the pit nucleation is influenced by nitrogen. In these ranges NO_x, NH_x, and NH_z‐spectra have been detected. Bound Mo was found in steels containing molybdenum. It is assumed that the repassivation mechanisms of N and Mo work independently of each other. With the results efforts are supported to improve the pitting corrosion resistance also at molybdenum poor steels by surface nitriding or nitrogen alloying. The achieved results justify the assumption that the observed positive effect of the nitrogen may be extented to even higher nitrogen contents. A prerequisite for this is avoiding secondary phases in the matrix. The adverse influence of small particles is known well.     

不锈钢海水潮汐区16年腐蚀行为

在青岛、厦门和榆林3个试验站的潮汐区对5种不锈钢暴露16年，总结其腐蚀行为和规律。在潮汐区暴露的不锈钢受点蚀和缝隙腐蚀破坏。不锈钢在潮汐区暴露1至4年的点蚀速度较大，以后点蚀速度减慢。耐点蚀性能较好的不锈钢，耐缝隙腐蚀性能也较好。不锈钢在潮汐区的腐蚀随暴露地点的海水温度升高而加重。增加Cr含量、添加Mo能明显提高不锈钢在潮汐区的耐蚀性。Ni对提高的耐蚀性有效，但影响效果较小。海生物污损能引起不锈钢的局部腐蚀，它对不锈钢在潮汐区的腐蚀有显著影响。     

小孔腐蚀保护电位物理意义的研究

通过对Cr13,1Cr18Ni9Ti及1Cr18Ni9不锈钢小孔腐蚀模型电池及“闭塞”阳极电化学行为的研究,实验证明了小孔腐蚀的保护电位E_p是小孔内再钝化状态的宏观反映,而不是“免蚀电位”或者“腐蚀小孔内的自腐蚀电位”,从而澄清了此前对小孔腐蚀保护电位E_p物理意义的种种推测。