前处理对毛织物防毡缩整理的影响

为了改善羊毛织物毡缩性能,运用不同前处理与蛋白酶结合的方法对羊毛织物进行表面改性,探讨整理后织物毡缩性能和强力的变化,从而确定最佳前处理方案。应用SEM研究不同前处理、前处理与蛋白酶共同整理对织物表面形貌的影响,探讨不同前处理对羊毛用蛋白酶处理防毡缩性能的影响。研究结果表明:仅用蛋白酶处理,羊毛织物毡缩率仅下降到11.4%,很难达到羊毛防毡缩的目的,LTP前处理对于其后进行的蛋白酶防毡缩处理效果具有显著的影响,毡缩率下降到5.6%,达到了国际羊毛局防毡缩标准。     

固定化中性蛋白酶在羊毛针织物防毡缩处理中的应用

研究了用固定化中性蛋白酶进行羊毛针织物防毡缩处理工艺,进行了单因素分析实验,通过正交试验确定了固定化中性蛋白酶处理工艺参数。结果表明:固定化中性蛋白酶用量5%(owf),温度50℃,pH值7.0,处理时间60 min时处理效果较好。比较了游离蛋白酶与固定化蛋白酶用于羊毛针织物的防毡缩整理试验,固定化蛋白酶处理羊毛针织物防毡缩效果提高37.6%,失重率降低45.2%,强力损伤降低52.7%,白度提高23.2%,起毛起球提高了2级,这将为羊毛针织物防毡缩整理用酶奠定基础。     

羊毛织物的等离子体和生物酶复合防毡缩整理

分别采用等离子体、蛋白酶、等离体 蛋白酶、等离子体 氧化/还原预处理 蛋白酶工艺处理羊毛织物,探讨了等离子体与蛋白酶对羊毛的作用原理和防毡缩效果.试验结果表明,等离子体 亚硫酸氢钠 酸性蛋白酶X处理羊毛织物,不仅防毡缩效果良好,色差变化小,而且强力损失较小、手感佳,可替代传统氯化防毡缩工艺.     

羊毛的酶法防毡缩整理综述

阐述了羊毛的毡缩原理,介绍了羊毛结构与酶之间的关系。分析了羊毛酶法防毡缩现状,详细介绍了蛋白酶一步法、蛋白酶两步法及蛋白酶三步法防毡缩整理工艺,其中着重介绍了蛋白酶两步法防毡缩整理工艺中酶法预处理与蛋白酶相结合的羊毛防毡缩方法。指出了目前酶法防毡缩整理中存在的一些问题,并提出了两种可行的处理方案。     

羊毛针织物蛋白酶防毡缩整理工艺的探讨

本文探讨了Maxacal L蛋白酶处理羊毛针织物工艺及对羊毛染色性能、强力和防毡缩性的影响.通过试验,提出了较合理的酶处理工艺,控制羊毛的减量率在5～6%,针织物顶破强力降低小于20%,而防毡缩性能达到机可洗水平.     

多种蛋白酶对羊毛防毡缩整理效果的比较

采用胃蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶对羊毛进行防毡缩整理,测试并分析了5种蛋白酶对羊毛纤维断裂强力和毡缩性能的影响,以及溴Allworden反应。将其中效果最好的菠萝蛋白酶协同H2O2和壳聚糖进行防毡缩处理。结果表明,这5种蛋白酶中菠萝蛋白酶处理效果最佳,羊毛毡缩球密度减少31.54%,强力保留率达95.7%;溴Allworden反应验证了对羊毛鳞片层的剥蚀作用;采用H2O2+蛋白酶+壳聚糖的协同处理工艺可在保持羊毛纤维较高强力的情况下,大大降低毡缩球密度。     

TG酶在修复羊毛损伤中的应用

为了减少羊毛蛋白酶防毡缩造成的损伤,应用TG酶对羊毛织物进行整理,研究TG酶对羊毛损伤的修复作用。结果表明：TG 酶可以修复化学预处理和蛋白酶防毡缩处理对羊毛造成的损伤,使羊毛织物强力增加,碱溶度下降。TG酶可以催化羊毛纤维蛋白质分子内的交联。羊毛的蛋白酶/TG酶联合防毡缩的最佳工艺为: 蛋白酶Sav用量1%（o.w.f.）, 蛋白酶Sav作用时间30min,pH值8~9;TG酶用量2%（o.w.f.）,TG酶作用时间50min,pH值6~7;浴比均为20:1,温度均为50℃,该工艺处理后羊毛织物的毡缩率为2.93%, 强力380.4N,强力损伤控制在7.4%。     

羊毛蛋白酶防毡缩整理织物表面特征研究

文章主要研究羊毛蛋白酶防毡缩整理后,织物的抗起毛起球性、白度、色度、表面色深度及染色牢度的变化.结果表明,毛织物经H2O2、DCCA、H2O2+蛋白酶、DCCA+蛋白酶法处理后,其中,经DCCA处理和DCCA+蛋白酶两步法处理毛织物的抗起毛起球性均得到显著提高;以上不同预处理蛋白酶法的防毡缩织物的明度、彩度、白度均有不同程度的提高.羊毛经DCCA+蛋白酶整理,提高了K/S值,而染色牢度与单独蛋白酶处理相当.     

羊毛针织物DCCA-蛋白酶防毡缩整理研究

对羊毛针织物分别进行二氯异氰脲酸(DCCA)处理、蛋白酶处理、DCCA-蛋白酶两步法处理,分析了不同处理方法的防毡缩效果.并进行强力、白度和色度的测定.结果表明,与单独经DCCA或蛋白酶处理的织物相较,经DCCA-蛋白酶两步法处理的织物防毡缩效果显著提高,且明显降低了DCCA的用量;随DCCA浓度的增加,毡缩率明显下降,减量率明显上升,但减量率与毡缩率之间并无很好的相关性;处理后织物的断裂强力严重下降,但其白度有所提高,染色鲜艳度增加.     

预处理在羊毛酶法防毡缩中的作用

采用H2O2、DCCA预处理结合蛋白酶整理的加工方法,探讨了不同处理工艺对毛织物防毡缩效果的影响.结果表明:仅经H2O2预处理,毛纤维表面粗糙度增加,织物毡缩性加大,经酶处理后织物防毡缩性提高较少;经DCCA预处理,毛织物的防毡缩性较原样提高,再经酶处理后织物的毡缩率进一步降低.毛织物蛋白酶整理加工中,减量率与毡缩率之间不具有很好的相关性.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press