Regression equation for selection of design parameters and operating regimes of hydrocyclones used to separate suspensions by dual-stage flotation

A regression model is derived for the separation of nonuniform liquid systems with non-Newtonian properties by dual-stage pressure flotation in a film-flow regime created in the centrifugal force field in hydrocyclones. The regression model is presented in the form of a relationship between integral separation indicators in the cyclone and determining similitude numbers and rheologic properties of the dispersion medium. The model makes it possible to calculate with an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes the structural and regime parameters of cylindrical-conical and cylindrical hydrocyclones/flotation plants as a function of assigned integral separation indicators at the outlet from the vessel.     

Hydrocyclones for the chemical industry and cleaning devices for circulating and waste water

It is pointed out that the operating indicators of a hydrocyclone will depend on its structural and regime operating parameters, while its standard size will be determined by the diameter of its cylindrical section. Both the separation and also the economic indicators will depend on correct selection of the standard size of the hydrocyclone for the specific suspension (emulsion) to be separated. Designs of hydrocyclones are presented in metallic and plastic versions intended for use over a broad range of flow rates and physicochemical properties of the suspensions being separated. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 7, pp. 20–22, July, 2007.     

水力旋流器内分离介质流动分布特征数值模拟

提出了脱油型水力旋流器参数关系的结构模型,依据建立和修正的分离场的k-ε湍流数学模型,进行了网格划分,确定出边界条件.描述了水力旋流器内部分离介质的三维流动分布特征对分离性能的影响.对旋流器压力场、速度场和分离介质运动迹线分布特征的数值模拟进行了研究.分析了旋流器内部分离介质流动分布特征的数值模拟结果,实际测试的分布结果与流动场结构中理论计算的分布结果相一致.通过合理控制旋流器操作参数(如流量、压力和分流比等)来实现最佳的分离效果.该研究将为改进水力旋流器结构设计、提高分离性能和降低能耗损失提供参考,也为其更好的推广应用奠定一定的基础.     

Regression Model of Oil Degassing in Cylindrical Hydrocyclone

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering - A method based on regression model is proposed for calculating hydrocyclones for degassing oils with non-Newtonian properties in film flow mode in a centrifugal...     

固液分离水力旋流除砂器的数值模拟

利用CFD软件,采用雷诺应力模型分别计算了300型和250型水力旋流除砂器的内流场,得到了2种水力旋流除砂器的轴向、径向、切向速度及压强的分布曲线。通过对所得结果的分析,发现模拟结果基本符合旋流除砂器的运行规律。比较2种旋流除砂器的内流场,表明改进的300型水力旋流除砂器的结构及分离能力优于原来250型水力旋流除砂器,为水力旋流除砂器的优化设计和选型提供了可靠的设计依据。     

Numerical investigation of the velocity field and separation efficiency of deoiling hydrocyclones

Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution is developed using a mass conservation-based algorithm(MCBA) with collocated grid arrangement.The mixture approach of the Reynolds stress model is also employed in order to capture features of turbulent multiphase swirling flow.The velocity field and separation efficiency of two different configurations of deoiling hydrocyclones are compared with available experimental data.The comparison shows that the separation efficiency can be predicted with high accuracy using computational fluid dynamics.The velocity fields are also in good agreement with available experimental velocity measurements.Special attention is drawn to swirl intensity in deoiling hydrocyclones and it is shown that the differences in velocity and volume fraction fields of different configurations are related to swirl distribution.     

用改进的油粒轨迹模型预测液-液旋流器效率

在单涡流场理论基础上建立了一种改进的油粒轨迹模型 ,用以预测油水旋流器粒级分离效率。若给定旋流器几何尺寸、操作参数及旋流器进口的油滴粒径分布 ,就可以预测液 -液旋流器的分离效率。模型理论效率预测结果与实测结果比较吻合 ,满足工程精度要求。该轨迹法分离效率模型理论上具有广泛通用性 ,方法简单实用 ,对液 -液水力旋流器工业使用及其优化设计具有重要的指导作用。     

分馏塔底隔板对生产的影响及对策

气体分馏装置的脱乙烷塔底设有隔板,将塔釜分为两个空间.正常情况下底层塔板液相回流经降液管流人第一空间后再经隔板溢流至第二空间,但在分馏塔负荷太低或在操作波动情况下,易出现第一空间中无液体即干釜现象.分析后认为,在低负荷下,底层塔板因气速太低而导致漏液,使液体直接漏入第二空间,这是造成第一空间干釜的原因.因此在负荷太低的情况下操作时,可采取塔釜满液位(两空间液位均超过隔板高度)操作、增大回流量和增加重沸器蒸汽量等措施来避免干釜现象的发生.     

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��In this paper, it is emphatically stated how to use the regression method to search for the mathematical model applicable to the jet drilling mud rheologic property, and it is also proposed how to determine the laminar flow region while the P-Q relation is a curve form.     

原油降凝剂在我国长输管线上的应用

我国已有多条原油长输管线应用降凝剂,革新了老管线传统的输油工艺和新管线传统的投产工艺,并取得了巨大的经济效益。在析蜡点以上,泵剪切和管流剪切对原油的低温流变性无影响;在析蜡高峰区内,泵剪切对原油的低温流变性有恶化作用,管流剪切对原油的低温流变性有改善作用,但这种作用是有条件的。     

原油预分水旋流器的机理及试验研究

通过试验和机理研究,分析了原油预分水旋流器的除水分离能力。在胜利油田东辛采油厂辛二接转站对35mm,30mm和25mm原油预分水旋流器进行了现场试验。试验表明,原油预分水旋流器可以有效地分离游离水,而对乳化水基本没有分离能力;当溢流含水主要为乳化水时,其含水量与温度之间没有明显的函数关系。     

涡流探测管对除油旋流器分离性能的影响

由室内模拟试验可知，在相同流量、相同入口和底流口压力、相同分流比条件下，带涡流探测管的旋流器溢流口压力高。采用具有一定粒度分布的油水乳液结合激光粒度仪和等动量取样系统的粒级效率测试方法，对有涡流探测管和无涡流探测管除油旋流器的粒级效率进行了测试。测试结果表明，对于不稳定乳液，有涡流探测管旋流器的分离效率比无涡流探测管旋流器的分离效率高；对于稳定乳液，两者的分离效率基本相同，油滴中粒径在１０～２５μｍ范围内，有涡流探测管旋流器的分离效率略高一些。两种旋流器的最佳分流比都是１５％，分割直径ｄ５０为１０μｍ，分离极限为３０μｍ。     

Application of infrared spectroscopy and partial least-squares for modeling the correlation of bitumen dynamic shear rheological with temperature

This paper reported a method for determining the correlation of the physical properties and the chemical composition of bitumen. The double-log model of dynamic shear modulus with temperature was performed for linearization treatment to obtained the constants, which were served as the independent variables using in partial least-squares(PLS) regression. In addition, infrared spectra were processed by data pretreatment methods and served as dependent variables in PLS. The regression vector b of PLS made possible the observation of the spectral regions contributing in the modeling, which provided a basis for research of the correlation between physical properties and chemical composition of bitumen.     

A New Method for Determining Bourgoyne and Young Penetration Rate Model Constants

Abstract

The objective of any drilling operation is to drill a well with the least possible cost and in the shortest time in compliance with safe operation. This objective is usually achieved by applying the drilling parameters in such a way that the fastest drilling rate would result. Several drilling penetration rate models have been proposed for estimation of penetration rate based on different drilling parameters. One of the most frequently used models for estimation of drilling penetration rate is the Bourgoyne and Young model. This model relates the penetration rate to several drilling parameters. There are eight unknown constants in this model. Bourgoyne and Young have proposed multiple regression analysis for obtaining these constants. Because the constant values obtained by multiple regression analysis are sometimes meaningless and are not in the recommended ranges, other methods for determining these coefficients are suggested. Some authors have used least squares data fitting methods and trust region approaches to obtain these coefficients. In this article, a new method is used for this purpose. A set of possible answers is chosen from the recommended bounds. Then the best fitted answers are selected and compared with a new set of possible answers. This trial is repeated until the desired answers are obtained. The results show the proficiency of the new methodology to determine constant coefficients of the Bourgoyne and Young penetration rate model.     

喷射钻井水力参数与泥浆流变参数互相适应的优选方法

本文介绍了在喷射钻井中计算和确定各种钻井水力参数和泥桨流变参数相互适应的优选方法.其中包括:泥桨流变性、临界流速和“z”值、流变模式、净化能力、层流压耗、紊流压耗、钻头水力参数优选等.     

国内外液-液水力旋流分离器研究进展

首先从液-液水力旋流器结构与工作原理出发,综述了液-液水力旋流分离器的国内外研究进展,重点对液-液水力旋流分离器的试验模拟技术研究现状、液-液水力旋流分离器数值模拟研究概况以及液-液水力旋流器在油田的发展状况等进行了详细介绍。最后对液-液水力旋流器的数值模拟技术提出了几点认识和建议。     

运用灰色关联分析确定钻井液的流变模式

正确选择非牛顿流体的钻井液的流变模式,对优选钻井过程中的钻井水力参数,精确计算钻杆、环空的循环压降以及钻井液的携带能力都是十分重要的。在5种流行的钻井液流变模式中,哪种流变模式与所描述的钻井液相关性最好,是运用通常的作田法、列表法和相关系数法都不能很好解决的问题。本文运用灰色系枕理论的关联分析方法,定量计算每一种流变模式的计算值与实测值的关联度,通过关联度值的大小顺序,可以确定相关性最好的流变模式,文中详细地描述了现有的5种流变模式和灰色关联分析的数学方法,并运用该方法对某井钻井液进行实例计算,得到了满意的结果。     

基于人工神经网络的油水分离旋流器设计模型

以人工神经网络为手段，建立了油水分离旋流器设计模型。采用三层BP网络模型，成功地实现了根据处理物料物性参数和分离要求进行油水分离旋流器结构与操作参数全面设计的过程。通过设定足够大的神经网络训练次数，神经网络预测误差可逼近所需精度，完全满足油水分离旋流器参数设计要求。     

利用井温资料解释裂缝高度

经对压裂后地层传热规律、地层内温度分布规律、地层温度分布特征分析认为，在一定条件下测得的压后井温曲线的拐点，可以代表垂直裂缝的边界，使确定垂直裂缝高度转化为确定压后井温曲线的拐点问题。通过逐一确定井温曲线拐点达到确定裂缝高度的目的。利用最小二乘法可以确定井温曲线拐点深度，从而可以解释垂直裂缝高度。解释缝高不仅可以检测压裂效果，而且可以判别压裂层之间是否窜通。     

我国生物气的地化特征与勘探方向

虽然目前我国生物气的勘探开发程度较低,但它却是未来天然气勘探的重要接替领域。基于已发表文献,系统收集、整理笔者近年来采集样品的分析测试结果,分析了生物气的组分、烷烃气碳同位素、二氧化碳碳同位素和甲烷氢同位素特征,总结了我国目前发现的生物气在层位、深度和区域上的分布特征：①生物气主要赋存于第四系、新近系-古近系、白垩系;②生物气藏埋深普遍较浅,最深的约1 900 m,最浅的只有十几米;③生物气藏分布具有明显的分区性,东部显示多,西部储量大,与这些地区的生物气源岩的“量”和“质”密切相关。结论认为：①应积极在规模较大、具备较好烃源条件的中新生代沉积盆地中寻找大中型生物气田;②松辽盆地浅层、渤海湾盆地、柴达木盆地东部是我国今后生物气勘探的重点地区。