改进的基于深度学习的遥感图像分类算法

针对传统的基于深度学习的遥感图像分类算法未能有效融合多种深度学习特征，且分类器性能欠佳的问题，提出一种改进的基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感图像分类算法。首先，设计并搭建一个七层卷积神经网络；其次，将高分辨率遥感图像样本输入到该网络中进行网络训练，得到最后两个全连接层输出作为遥感图像两种不同的高层特征；再次，针对该网络第五层池化层输出，采用主成分分析（PCA）进行降维，作为遥感图像的第三种高层特征；然后，将上述三种高层特征通过串联的形式进行融合，得到一种有效的基于深度学习的遥感图像特征；最后，设计了一种基于逻辑回归的遥感图像分类器，可以对遥感图像进行有效分类。与传统基于深度学习的遥感图像分类算法相比，所提算法分类准确率有较高提升。实验结果表明，该算法在分类准确率、误分类率和Kappa系数上表现优异，能实现良好的分类效果。     

人工智能技术在遥感图像分类中的应用

研究遥感图像分类精度问题,遥感图像分类根据图像特征进行分类,然而其特征维数相当高且信息冗余严重,分类器不能降低特征维数,导致分类器计算量大,图像分类效率和正确率低。利用主成分分析(PCA)降维特征维数的优点,提出一种基于PCA-SVM的遥感图像分类方法。PCA-SVM算法首先采用LBP算子提取遥感图像特征,然后采用PCA对遥感图像特征进行降维处理,减少特征维数并消除特征冗余信息,获得对分类结果贡献大的特征,最后采用SVM进行遥感图像分类。仿真结果表明,PCA-SVM提高了遥感图像分类效率和正确率。     

基于深度学习的遥感图像土地分类研究

针对采用单一特征描述技术存在的高分辨率遥感图像特征多、分类精度低的问题,提出一种基于深度学习的遥感图像土地分类模型。模型对高分1号卫星获得的遥感图像进行了预处理,采用特征级图像融合的方法将这些特征关联起来,实现遥感图像特征融合。将融合后的图像特征输入训练后的深度信念网络进行处理,由Softmax分类器获得土地分类。实验分析表明,该模型能够对所有土地类型进行清晰的分类。     

基于高斯金字塔的遥感云图多尺度特征提取

提出了一种针对可见光遥感图像云图的多尺度特征提取方法。该方法通过高斯金字塔将遥感云图分解到多尺度空间,以此为基础将图像的灰度特征进行多尺度延拓,从而得到图像的多尺度特征矢量。实验结果表明在相同的特征算法和分类器条件下,多尺度延拓能够提升分类精度,更加有效地实现云图和地物的分类。     

基于多特征融合的图像拼接检测

针对数字图像篡改的常用手法图像拼接,提出了一种基于多特征融合的被动盲取证算法来检测图像拼接.算法通过分析图像相位一致性和纹理特征,采用二维经验模式分解将图像分解到固有模态函数域,得到三类特征值.利用这三类特征值,采用支持向量机作为分类器,建立一个预测模型,对图像是否经过篡改进行判定.选用标准图像拼接库对该算法进行测试.实验结果表明:与采用双相干谱作为分类特征的算法相比,该算法具有更高的识别率.     

基于数据融合的多特征遥感图像分类

以多光谱图像为研究对象，综合利用遥感图像的光谱、纹理和数学变换特征，提出了一种基于数据融合的多特征遥感地物分类方法。该方法针对不同的特征分别构造了神经网络分类器和K-均值聚类器，并对前者利用Adaboost算法进行提升，然后再将各特征的分类结果利用证据理论合成公式融合得到最终结果。实验结果表明，该方法的分类效果要优于单特征的分类结果。     

基于统计特征和马尔可夫特征的图像拼接盲检测

数字图像真实性检测在司法鉴定等领域有着重要的作用.常见的图像拼接篡改会降低图像像素直接的相关性,这可以通过一些统计特征反映出来.采用特征提取-分类的方法,提取矩特征、基于二维相位一致性的统计特征,结合DCT域的马尔可夫特征,利用SVM分类器进行分类,实现了拼接图像的盲检测.实验结果表明,该方法有较好的鉴别准确率,可达91.75%.     

样本自适应多特征加权的高分辨率遥感图像分类

高分辨率遥感影像能够提供丰富的地物细节,但各种地物空间分布复杂,同类目标呈现出较大的光谱异质性,给传统模式识别分类器带来极大的挑战。提出了一种样本自适应多特征加权的遥感图像分类方法。常见的多特征组合分类器未能充分利用各种特征之间的局部相关性,提出通过分析测试样本局部特征相关性,探究各个特征在不同样本的分类中所占权重的不同,据此对不同分类器进行自适应加权。在一个大型遥感图像数据库上的实验结果表明,不同特征在遥感图像中对不同样本的分类作用是不同的,样本自适应特征加权法将平均分类精度从78.3%提高到90%。     

基于随机子空间核极端学习机集成的高光谱遥感图像分类

结合随机子空间和核极端学习机集成提出了一种新的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。首先利用随机子空间方法从高光谱遥感图像数据的整体特征中随机生成多个大小相同的特征子集;然后利用核极端学习机在这些特征子集上进行训练从而获得基分类器;最后将所有基分类器的输出集成起来,通过投票机制得到分类结果。在高光谱遥感图像数据集上的实验结果表明:所提方法能够提高分类效果,且其分类总精度要高于核极端学习机和随机森林方法。     

基于SSAE深度学习特征表示的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

针对遥感图像中高光谱数据的分类问题,提出一种基于堆叠稀疏自动编码器(SSAE)深度学习特征表示的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。首先,将光谱数据样本进行预处理和归一化。然后,将其输入到SSAE中进行特征表示学习,并通过网格搜索来获得最优网络参数,以此获得有效的特征表示。最后通过支持向量机(SVM)分类器对输入图像特征进行分类,最终实现遥感图像中像素的分类。在两个标准数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够实现准确的高光谱地物分类。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.