基于统计的中文地名识别

本文针对有特征词的中文地名识别进行了研究。该系统使用从大规模地名词典和真实文本语料库得到的统计信息以及针对地名特点总结出来的规则,通过计算地名的构词可信度和接续可信度从而识别中文地名。该模型对自动分词的切分作了有效的调整,系统闭式召回率和精确率分别为90.24%和93.14% ,开式召回率和精确率分别达86.86%和91.48%。     

SVM与规则相结合的中文地名自动识别

在分析中文文本中地名特点的基础上,提出了一种支持向量机(SVM)与规则相结合的中文地名自动识别方法:按字抽取特征向量的属性,然后将这些属性转换成二进制向量并建立训练集,采用多项式Kernel函数,得到SVM识别地名的机器学习模型;通过对错误识别结果的分析,构建规则库对识别结果进行后处理,弥补了机器学习模型获取知识不够全面导致召回率偏低的不足。实验表明,用SVM与规则相结合的机制识别中文文本中的地名是有效的:系统开式召回率、精确率和F-值分别达89.57%、93.52%和91.50%。     

基于CRF和规则相结合的地理命名实体识别方法

为了识别文本中海量的地理命名信息,以CRF(条件随机场)模型识别为基础,加入制定的规则,来提高CRF模型识别的召回率,从而提高整体的地理命名实体识别效果。通过选取适合的地理命名实体识别的特征模板,验证特征的有效性以及分析CRF模型识别结果中的未识别实体样本,设计针对未识别实体的规则用以修正识别结果。实验表明,对地名和组织名结合规则进行修正后的F值达到了91.61%和85.74%,有了显著提高。     

CRF与规则相结合的维吾尔文地名识别研究

该文通过维吾尔文地名的分析研究,提出了一种基于条件随机场和规则的维吾尔文地名识别方法。根据维吾尔文地名黏着性、音译等特点,针对维吾尔文地名识别任务,在词汇和词性特征基础之上,引入音节、词向量获取的相似单词、常用地名词典、地名特征词、地名词缀等特征进行实验,结果表明这些特征对识别性能有较大的影响。通过对错误识别结果分析,该文提出了基于规则的后处理,进一步提高了识别性能,准确率达到94.68%,召回率达到89.52%,F值达到92.03%。     

基于CRF的藏文地名识别技术研究

藏文地名识别是藏文命名实体识别中必须要解决的问题。通过分析藏文地名的特点及识别难点,阐述了藏文地名的音节、触发词、地名后续词和格助词等特性适用基于CRF模型的地名识别,通过实验,验证了6种特征对藏文地名识别的有效性。实验结果表明该方法对藏文地名识别的准确率、召回率和[F]值分别达到了96.12%、81.92%和88.45%,实验结果与已有的系统相比,取得了较好的效果。     

搜索日志中领域查询串识别研究

利用搜索日志中查询串自身信息和用户点击信息,提出了双层模型识别领域查询串的方法。第一层模型采用贝叶斯法则和词典相结合的方法对查询串进行识别;针对搜索日志查询串内容简短、信息量少的特点,提出基于域名可信度的第二层识别模型。在搜狗2012版用户查询日志上对双层模型进行了开放测试,召回率和准确率分别达到了85.2%和94.6%,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于ALBERT-BGRU-CRF的中文命名实体识别方法

命名实体识别是知识图谱构建、搜索引擎、推荐系统等上层自然语言处理任务的重要基础,中文命名实体识别是对一段文本序列中的专有名词或特定命名实体进行标注分类。针对现有中文命名实体识别方法无法有效提取长距离语义信息及解决一词多义的问题,提出一种基于ALBERT-双向门控循环单元（BGRU）-条件随机场（CRF）模型的中文命名实体识别方法。使用ALBERT预训练语言模型对输入文本进行词嵌入获取动态词向量,有效解决了一词多义的问题。采用BGRU提取上下文语义特征进一步理解语义,获取长距离词之间的语义特征。将拼接后的向量输入至CRF层并利用维特比算法解码,降低错误标签输出概率。最终得到实体标注信息,实现中文命名实体识别。实验结果表明,ALBERT-BGRU-CRF模型在MSRA语料库上的中文命名实体识别准确率和召回率分别达到95.16%和94.58%,同时相比于片段神经网络模型和CNN-BiLSTM-CRF模型的F1值提升了4.43和3.78个百分点。     

基于统计和规则的中文姓名识别

本文基于统计和规则提出一种中文识别方法。利用统计信息得到候选中文姓名,而后利用姓名前后的指界词、称谓词等相关信息从候选中文姓名中进行筛选,完成识别。实验表明该方法的正确率和召回率比较高,并且由于中文姓名在未登录词中占有很大比例,本文方法可以帮助进一步提高汉语自动分词的识别效果。     

CRF和词典相结合的蒙古文地名识别研究

蒙古语在命名实体识别方面开展过人名的识别,但在地名的识别方面还没有开展相应的研究。首次实现了基于条件随机场模型的蒙古文地名识别。首先从蒙古语黏着性特点分析入手,研究了蒙古语语料库中地名的存在形式以及各类地名的特点,针对蒙古语语料库中地名的特点,在词汇特征、指示词特征、特征词特征等特征基础上引入了词性特征。之后通过地名词典补召了未识别的地名。以内蒙古大学开发的100万词规模的标注语料库为训练数据,该模型的地名识别性能达到了94.68%的准确率、84.40%的召回率和89.24%的F值。     

中文地名的自动识别

以带特征词的中文地名和不带特征词的中文地名作为识别对象，通过构建地名识别规则库，以及对规则库中规则的量化处理来体现规则在识别地名中的可信程度的不同；为提高识别的召回率，采用了两级处理策略，其中每级采用不同的识别方法。开放测试结果表明，召回率为92．23％，精确率为83.88％。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。